Gas atomized powder is commonly used for Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) additive manufacturing because of its good flowability. On the other hand, water atomized powder is inexpensive and has a ...great potential for application to middle range manufactured products. In this study, SUS316L water atomized powder was applied to L-PBF additive manufacturing. To solve its poor flowability and excessive spatter, we investigated these problems and modified the additive manufacturing machine. Our test results revealed that a laser energy density of 57.8 J/mm3 is one of the best laser conditions for water atomized powder additive manufacturing. To apply the design for additive manufacturing (DfAM), the mechanical properties and overhang process window were revised. Finally, an extruder die plate with better pellet productivity was designed and produced by using SUS316L water atomized powder. The results showed that, it produced better quality pellets than the original one. From this research, we found that water atomized powder is useful for L-PBF additive manufactured products.
Defects in bending processes are inevitable due to the plastic deformations created through the material pressing. Cost-effective and good quality of the V shaped die plate bending products can be ...produced by reducing the bending load, springback, and residual strains. In this article, a plate bending process is employed for Hy-80 steel and 304 stainless steel. A 3D explicit/dynamic finite element model is utilized for analyzing the V shaped die plate bending process. Punch load, springback, and residual strains behaviors are studied by applying various punch radiuses and plate thicknesses. The springback and residual strains behaviors are successfully predicted with respect to punch radius and plate thickness. Although bending load has a significant effect on bending process, the springback and residual strains behavior can be estimated according to the value of punch radius and plate thickness. Springback is reduced when the punch radius decreases and plate thickness increases. Recorded residual strains at the tension side were greater than at the compression side.
Wire has traditionally been made from wire rod. Scale is removed from the surface of the wire rod before it is drawn through die plates (draw plates). Performing the drawing operation without the use ...of a die plate makes it possible to deform the wire rod without removing the scale, i.e., it creates a new process that combines descaling and drawing. The authors created an experimental unit with a kinematically determined amount of elongation in order to study the process of drawing without a die plate. They studied different parameters of the process of drawing wire rod without a die plate and compared it to traditional drawing.
The method and best heat treatment process to prevent the"for years for a change"of precision punching dies are presented. The method and parameters of heat treatment of dies are as follows. ...Firstly,after electric spark cutting,stress relief annealing of dies is used,which are heated to 650 ℃ and cooling in air furnace. Secondly,the dies are heated to 650 ℃ and 850 ℃ for pre- heating,then to 1 010 ℃ for quenching and the dies are cooled by pressed Nitrogen in vacuum furnace. Thirdly,the dies are deeply cooled to- 196 ℃,then,the tempering of dies is used which are heated to 250 ℃ for two times and following closely to 200 ℃ for one time. The production practice proved that after being treated by the above processes,the residual austenite of dies is decreased to 3%,the value of deformation is only 0. 000 8 mm. The result shows that,the dimension stability of dies is greatly increased and the life of dies is obviously prolonged.
This chapter on design of blanking, piercing, progressive and compound dies presents a detailed account of the design of die plate thickness along with the design of other members of the press tool, ...viz., die shoe, top and bottom bolster plates, stripper plate, primary and end stops and pilots. It explains these with sketches. The chapter also discusses the design of a progressive die. A rule of thumb formula with a typical sketch has also been provided for a rough calculation of the die plate and other associated plate thicknesses. In addition to die design principles, this chapter dwells on the method of determining the center of pressure for an unsymmetrically profiled blank, wherein the center of pressure does not lie at the axes of symmetry. Finally, a specimen calculation of an unsymmetrical profile for determining the centre of pressure is shown.
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Aanhangsel Tweede Kamer 1922-1923 nummer 332- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the ...Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Aanhangsel Tweede Kamer 1922-1923 nummer 297- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the ...Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
