Land‐use and climate change are major pressures on terrestrial biodiversity. Species’ extinction risk and responses to human pressures relate to ecological traits and other characteristics in some ...clades. However, large‐scale comparative assessments of the associations between traits and responses to multiple human pressures across multiple clades are needed. We investigated whether a set of ecological characteristics that are commonly measured across terrestrial vertebrates (ecological traits and geographic range area) are associated with species’ responses to different land‐use types and species’ likely sensitivity to climate change. We aimed to test whether generalizable patterns in response to these pressures arise across both pressures and across vertebrate clades, which could inform assessments of the global signature of human pressures on vertebrate biodiversity and guide conservation efforts. At the species level, we investigated associations between land‐use responses and ecological characteristics with a space‐for‐time substitution approach, making use of the PREDICTS database. We investigated associations between ecological characteristics and expected climate‐change sensitivity, estimated from properties of species realized climatic niches. Among the characteristics we considered, 3 were consistently associated with strong land‐use responses and high climate‐change sensitivity across terrestrial vertebrate classes: narrow geographic range, narrow habitat breadth, and specialization on natural habitats (which described whether a species occurs in artificial habitats or not). The associations of other traits with species’ land‐use responses and climate‐change sensitivity often depended on species’ class and land‐use type, highlighting an important degree of context dependency. In all classes, invertebrate eaters and fruit and nectar eaters tended to be negatively affected in disturbed land‐use types, whereas invertebrate‐eating and plant‐ and seed‐eating birds were estimated to be more sensitive to climate change, raising concerns about the continuation of ecological processes sustained by these species under global changes. Our results highlight a consistently higher sensitivity of narrowly distributed species and habitat specialists to land‐use and climate change, which provides support for capturing such characteristics in large‐scale vulnerability assessments.
Correlaciones a nivel de especie de las respuestas al uso de suelo y la susceptibilidad al cambio climático en los vertebrados terrestres
Resumen
El uso de suelo y el cambio climático tienen una presión importante sobre la biodiversidad terrestre. En algunos clados, el riesgo de extinción de las especies y las respuestas a las presiones humanas se relacionan con los rasgos ecológicos y otras características. Sin embargo, varios clados necesitan evaluaciones comparativas a gran escala de las asociaciones entre los rasgos y las respuestas a las presiones humanas. Investigamos si un conjunto de rasgos ecológicos medidos comúnmente en los vertebrados terrestres (rasgos ecológicos y extensión del área geográfica) está asociado con la respuesta de las especies a los diferentes tipos de uso de suelo y la posible susceptibilidad de la especie al cambio climático. Buscamos comprobar si los patrones generalizables de las respuestas a estas presiones surgen en ambas presiones y en todos los clados de vertebrados, lo que podría guiar las evaluaciones de la huella mundial de presiones humanas sobre la diversidad de vertebrados y los esfuerzos de conservación. Investigamos las asociaciones entre la respuesta al uso de suelo y los rasgos ecológicos a nivel de especie con una estrategia de reemplazo de espacio por tiempo y con información de la base de datos PREDICTS. También investigamos las asociaciones entre los rasgos ecológicos y la susceptibilidad al cambio climático esperada, la cual estimamos a partir de las propiedades de los nichos climáticos de las especies. Entre las características que consideramos, tres estuvieron asociadas de manera regular con respuestas fuertes al uso de suelo y alta susceptibilidad al cambio climático en las diferentes clases de vertebrados: la extensión geográfica limitada, la amplitud reducida de hábitat y la especialización en los hábitats naturales (la cual describe si una especie está presente en un hábitat artificial o no). Las asociaciones de otros rasgos con la respuesta de la especie al uso de suelo y su susceptibilidad al cambio climático con frecuencia dependieron de la clase de la especie y el tipo de uso de suelo, lo que resalta un grado importante de dependencia del contexto. En todas las clases, los frugívoros, nectarívoros y los que comen invertebrados eran propensos a sufrir efectos negativos en los usos de suelo de tipo perturbado, mientras que se estimó que las aves herbívoras, las que se alimentan de semillas y las que se alimentan de invertebrados eran más susceptibles al cambio climático, lo que incrementa la preocupación por la continuación de los procesos ecológicos que viven estas especies bajo los cambios globales. Nuestros resultados resaltan una susceptibilidad al uso de suelo y al cambio climático cada vez mayor en las especies con distribución limitada y las especialistas de hábitat, lo que proporciona un respaldo para la captura de dichas características en las evaluaciones a gran escala de la vulnerabilidad.
【摘要】
土地利用和气候变化是陆地生物多样性面临的主要压力。在一些类群中, 物种灭绝风险和对人为压力的响应与其生态及其他特征有关。然而, 我们还需要对多个类群的特征与物种对多种人为压力的响应之间的关系进行大尺度的比较评估。本研究关注陆生脊椎动物常用的一系列生态学特征(包括生态特性和地理分布区)是否与物种对不同土地利用类型的响应以及物种可能的气候变化敏感性有关。我们旨在检验在不同压力及不同脊椎动物类群之间是否存在普遍的人为压力响应格局, 从而为人为压力对脊椎动物生物多样性影响的整体特征评估提供信息, 并指导保护工作。在物种水平上, 我们利用PREDICTS数据库, 采用空间‐时间替代法研究了土地利用响应与生态特征之间的关系。我们还研究了生态特征与预期气候变化敏感性之间的关系, 后者是根据物种实现其气候生态位的特性估算得到的。在本研究分析的特征中, 有3个与所有陆生脊椎动物类群的土地利用高度响应和气候变化高敏感性都相关, 即狭窄的地理分布范围、狭窄的栖息地宽度, 以及专性生活于自然栖息地(即物种是否出现在人工栖息地)。其他特征与物种的土地利用响应和气候变化敏感性之间的关系往往取决于物种类型和土地利用类型, 这一结果突出了这些关系存在重要的背景依赖性。在所有物种类型中, 以无脊椎动物为食的动物和以水果和花蜜为食的动物在受干扰的土地利用类型中往往会受到负面影响, 其中以无脊椎动物为食的鸟类和以植物和种子为食的鸟类预计对气候变化更为敏感, 这一结果令人担心在全球变化背景下, 依赖这些物种维持的生态过程是否能够维系。我们的研究结果强调了分布范围较窄的物种和栖息地专性物种对土地利用和气候变化一致的高敏感性, 为在大尺度脆弱性评估中纳入这些特征提供了支持。【翻译:胡怡思;审校:聂永刚】
Esta revisão integrativa objetivou caracterizar produções científicas que abordam interfaces entre a rede social Facebook e o campo da alimentação e nutrição. Entre agosto e outubro de 2018 as bases ...de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Web of Science, Scopus e MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online foram consultadas, e 85 artigos foram selecionados. Os estudos são emergentes no cenário internacional e incipientes no Brasil. Observou-se expressiva utilização do Facebook para mediação de ações de educação alimentar e nutricional, e seus usos também foram situados como práticas de risco ao reforçar o marketing nutricional de alimentos considerados insalubres e ao difundir conteúdos imagéticos que suscetibilizam internautas com relação aos transtornos alimentares. Observa-se que o Facebook vem sendo apropriado de diversas formas, a partir de interesses e valores que refletem a sociedade de seu tempo e espaço e que imprimem suas características nesses processos de apropriação.
We examined the role of trans-octadecenoic acids in milk fat depression when low fiber diets were fed. The study consisted of four experimental periods with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of ...treatments to test the effects of dietary fat (saturated vs. unsaturated) and rumen fermentation (high fiber diets vs. low fiber diets) on milk fat depression. Dietary fiber concentration and type of fat had significant effects on milk fat. Effects were most pronounced when unsaturated fat was added to the low fiber diet. When the low fiber diet plus unsaturated fat was fed, milk fat percentage and yield were decreased by 30 and 35%, respectively, compared with the percentage and yield when the high fiber diet plus saturated fat was fed. Alterations in rumen fermentation caused by differences in dietary fiber concentrations had little effect on the amount of trans-octadecenoic acids in milk fat, and the total amount did not correlate with changes in milk fat percentage. Further examination of the isomeric profile of trans-octadecenoic acid revealed substantial differences among the dietary treatments. Although the addition of unsaturated fat resulted in marked increases in the milk fat content of trans-11-octadecenoic acid, regardless of dietary fiber concentration, the low fiber diet plus unsaturated fat increased the content of trans-10-octadecenoic acid. This combination was also associated with a significant decrease in milk fat content and yield. When the low fiber diets were fed, circulating insulin concentrations were elevated, regardless of the type of fat supplement. However, marked milk fat depression occurred only when the low fiber diet was supplemented with unsaturated fat
Cardiodiabesity has been used to define and describe the well-known relationship between type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), obesity, the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The ...objective of this study was to perform a scientific literature review with a systematic search to examine all the cardiovascular risk factors combined and their relationship with adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) pattern as primary prevention against cardiodiabesity in a holistic approach. Research was conducted using the PubMed database including clinical trials, cross-sectional and prospective cohort studies. Thirty-seven studies were reviewed: fourteen related to obesity, ten to CVD, nine to MetS, and four to T2DM. Indeed 33 provided strong evidence on the association between adherence to a MedDiet and a reduced incidence of collective cardiodiabesity risk in epidemiological studies. This scientific evidence makes the MedDiet pattern very useful for preventive strategies directed at the general population and also highlights the need to consider all these diet-related risk factors and health outcomes together in daily primary care.
The Mediterranean diet (MD) is considered a dietary pattern with beneficial effects on human health. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of an MD on urinary metabolome by comparing ...subjects at 1 and 3 years of follow-up, after an MD supplemented with either extra-virgin olive oil (MD + EVOO) or nuts (MD + Nuts), to those on advice to follow a control low-fat diet (LFD). Ninety-eight nondiabetic volunteers were evaluated, using metabolomic approaches, corresponding to MD + EVOO (n = 41), MD + Nuts (n = 27), or LFD (n = 30) groups. The 1H NMR urinary profiles were examined at baseline and after 1 and 3 years of follow-up. Multivariate data analysis (OSC-PLS-DA and HCA) methods were used to identify the potential biomarker discriminating groups, exhibiting a urinary metabolome separation between MD groups against baseline and LFD. Results revealed that the most prominent hallmarks concerning MD groups were related to the metabolism of carbohydrates (3-hydroxybutyrate, citrate, and cis-aconitate), creatine, creatinine, amino acids (proline, N-acetylglutamine, glycine, branched-chain amino acids, and derived metabolites), lipids (oleic and suberic acids), and microbial cometabolites (phenylacetylglutamine and p-cresol). Otherwise, hippurate, trimethylamine-N-oxide, histidine and derivates (methylhistidines, carnosine, and anserine), and xanthosine were predominant after LFD. The application of NMR-based metabolomics enabled the classification of individuals regarding their dietary pattern and highlights the potential of this approach for evaluating changes in the urinary metabolome at different time points of follow-up in response to specific dietary interventions.
The aim was to correlate serum levels of Zn, Zn diet and cervical dysplasia. We included 177 adult women, 151 were diagnosed as healthy, 26 were diagnosed with dysplasia in the study of colposcopy ...and Pap smear, and by randomization were included only 78 women in the control group considered three controls for each case. We analyzed serum Zn and Zn in the diet was estimated by ENSANUT program at the National Institute of Public Health. 65.4% of the total population was deficient in zinc intake in the diet, while 99% had high concentrations in serum. Correlations were not significant between dietary Zn and Zn in serum with the presence of dysplasia. The correlation between Zn and Zn in the whey in the diet was not significant. It is important to continue research to obtain more precise information on the role of micronutrients in the development of dysplasia.
La finalidad fue correlacionar las concentraciones de Zn sérico, Zn en dieta y la presencia de displasia cervical. El estudio incluyó 177 mujeres adultas, 151 fueron diagnosticadas como sanas de las cuales se eligieron aleatoriamente 3 controles para cada caso quedando 78 pacientes en el grupo control y a 26 se les diagnosticó displasia por medio de colposcopia y Papanicolaou incluyéndose en el grupo de casos. Se analizó Zn sérico y se estimó Zn en dieta por el programa ENSANUT en el INSP. El 65.4% de la población total presentó deficiencia en el consumo de zinc en dieta, en tanto que el 99% presentó altas concentraciones séricas. Las correlaciones no fueron significativas entre el Zn en dieta y Zn en suero con la presencia de displasias. La correlación entre el Zn en suero con el Zn de dieta no fue significativa. Es relevante continuar indagando para obtener información más precisa sobre el papel que juegan los micronutrientes en el desarrollo de displasia cervical.
Objetivo: O aumento dos casos de obesidade e doenças metabólicas são consequências da dieta desiquilibrada. Neste estudo, nós avaliamos a influência da baixa dose de whey protein concentrado (WPC) e ...dieta de cafeteria (CAF) sobre parâmetros metabólicos e bioquímicos em ratos Wistar. Materiais e métodos: 3 grupos experimentais foram utilizados: controle dieta padrão (CTL), baixa dose de WPC (WPD) e dieta de cafeteria (CAF), sendo as dietas ofertadas durante 8 semanas. Resultados: Os valores de peso corporal, gordura epididimal, Índice de Lee, Glicose, Triglicerídeos, Colesterol total e frações, ureia, creatinina, AST e ALT foram mensurados. Houve redução significativa de glicose (P<0,05), triglicérides (P<0,01), controle do peso corporal e não houve aumento no Índice de Lee no grupo WPD (P>0,05). O grupo CAF apresentou resultados opostos ao grupo WPD, houve aumento significativo na glicose (P<0,05), ganho de peso acentuado (P< 0,001), aumento no Índice de Lee (P<0,001) e maior adiposidade epididimal em relação ao grupo CTL (P<0,01) e WPD (P<0,001). Discussão: As proteínas do soro do leite apresentam grande potencial para controlar ou evitar doenças como a diabetes e a obesidade severa. Os valores do Índice de Lee, gordura epididimal, glicose e triglicérides foram menores no grupo WPD do que no grupo CAF no final do tratamento. Conclusão: Baixas doses de WPC são eficazes na redução da glicemia, triglicérides, controle do peso corporal, e podem ser utilizadas com alternativa nutricional em pacientes obesos, com sobrepeso ou normais para prevenção ou controle de distúrbios metabólicos e obesidade. ABSTRACT Low dose of whey protein reduces of glucose, triglycerides and body weight control in rats wistar Objective: The increasing incidence of obesity and metabolic diseases are the consequence of unbalanced diet.In this study, we evaluated the influence of low dose of whey protein concentrate (WPC) and cafeteria diet (CAF) on metabolic and biochemical parameters in rats. Methods: Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: control group with standard diet (CTL), low dose of WPC (WPD) and cafeteria diet (CAF), diets were offered for 8 weeks. The body weight values, epididymal fat, Lee's index, glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol and fractions, urea, creatinine, AST and ALT were measured. Results: There was significant reduction in glucose (P<0.05), triglycerides (P<0.01), body weight control and there was no increase in the Lee Index in the group (P>0.05) WPD. The CAF group showed the opposite result WPD group, a significant increase in glucose (P<0.05) enhanced weight gain (P<0.001) increase in Lee index (P <0.001), higher in relation to the epididymal fat CTL group (P<0.01) and WPD (P<0.001). The values of the index Lee, epididymal fat, glucose and triglycerides were lower in the group that the WPD CAF group at the end of treatment. Discussion: whey proteins have great potential to control or prevent diseases such as diabetes and severe obesity. The values of the index Lee, epididymal fat, glucose and triglycerides were lower in the group that the WPD CAF group at the end of treatment. Conclusion: Our results show that low doses of WPC are effective in reducing blood glucose, triglycerides, control body weight, and can be used with nutritional alternative in obese, overweight or normal for preventing or controlling metabolic disorders.
Introduction: oral cancer is a common health problem worldwide. Objective: compare the salivary pH range changes among patients diagnosed recently with oral squamous cells carcinoma after receiving ...oncospecific treatment and subjects apparently healthy, Guantanamo, Cuba, period time November 2019 -January 2022. Method: a descriptive, comparative, cross-sectional study was carried out in outpatients of the Maxillofacial Surgery Consultation room at the Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostinho Neto". The study group consisted of 200 patients divided into 3 subgroups: subgroup I (50 newly diagnosed patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma, with concomitant diagnosis of dental caries and chronic adult periodontitis); subgroup II (50 patients with the aforementioned pathology after oncospecific treatment, treated for the aforementioned oral diseases) and subgroup III (100 apparently healthy control patients). The following variables were studied: age, sex, type of diet and salivary pH. Results: average age was 59.8 years, 70% were men. There was an association between the diet consumed and each subgroup (p=0.001). The salivary pH of newly diagnosed squamous cell carcinoma patients affected by both oral diseases was acidic (6.25±0.37) compared to the other subgroups. The 98.6% of patients with acid salivary pH presented a usual diet based on carbohydrates and fats (p=0.000). Conclusions: It was shown that the salivary pH of newly diagnosed patients with squamous cell carcinoma was acidic compared to the other subgroups. Therefore, this parameter can be used as a biological marker of the disease.
Prospective studies in non-Mediterranean populations have consistently related increasing nut consumption to lower coronary heart disease mortality. A small protective effect on all-cause and cancer ...mortality has also been suggested. To examine the association between frequency of nut consumption and mortality in individuals at high cardiovascular risk from Spain, a Mediterranean country with a relatively high average nut intake per person.
We evaluated 7,216 men and women aged 55 to 80 years randomized to 1 of 3 interventions (Mediterranean diets supplemented with nuts or olive oil and control diet) in the PREDIMED ('PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea') study. Nut consumption was assessed at baseline and mortality was ascertained by medical records and linkage to the National Death Index. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression and multivariable analyses with generalized estimating equation models were used to assess the association between yearly repeated measurements of nut consumption and mortality.
During a median follow-up of 4.8 years, 323 total deaths, 81 cardiovascular deaths and 130 cancer deaths occurred. Nut consumption was associated with a significantly reduced risk of all-cause mortality (P for trend<0.05, all). Compared to non-consumers, subjects consuming nuts>3 servings/week (32% of the cohort) had a 39% lower mortality risk (hazard ratio (HR) 0.61; 95% CI 0.45 to 0.83). A similar protective effect against cardiovascular and cancer mortality was observed. Participants allocated to the Mediterranean diet with nuts group who consumed nuts>3 servings/week at baseline had the lowest total mortality risk (HR 0.37; 95% CI 0.22 to 0.66).
Increased frequency of nut consumption was associated with a significantly reduced risk of mortality in a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk.Please see related commentary: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/11/165.
Clinicaltrials.gov. International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN): 35739639. Registration date: 5 October 2005.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Las enfermedades cardiovasculares siguen siendo la principal causa de morbilidad y mortalidad en el mundo. Y aunque existen herramientas terapéuticas y farmacológicas que ayudan a controlar la ...incidencia de desenlaces cardiovasculares con la reducción del riesgo cardiovascular, las inequidades en el acceso oportuno a servicios de salud y de determinantes sociales de la salud impiden que toda la población con esta necesidad pueda recibir esta ayuda terapéutica. Es así, como se da prioridad a las intervenciones no farmacológicas, dentro de las que se destaca, la dieta, la cual ha demostrado influir significativamente en la salud cardiovascular y en la expectativa de vida del ser humano. Particularmente, la dieta mediterránea, basada esencialmente en el consumo de frutas, vegetales, granos, legumbres, aceite de oliva, especias, seguido de proteína derivada de pescado y comida de mar, ha demostrado proveer cierto grado de protección frente a enfermedades cardiometabólicas. Sin embargo, se desconoce con certeza cuál es el impacto en la población con elevado riesgo cardiovascular y, por ende, enfermedad cardiovascular establecida. Considerando la evolución de la evidencia en los patrones dietarios, así como la necesidad de conocer qué tanto impactan las dietas viables en nuestro medio, sobre todo en aquellos con mayor riesgo de morbilidad y mortalidad por enfermedad cardiovascular, el objetivo de esta revisión consiste en exponer evidencia actualizada sobre los beneficios de la dieta mediterránea en individuos con elevado riesgo cardiovascular. Para esto, se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos PubMed, Science Direct y Scielo.
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