Disruptive innovations in dentistry Edelstein, Burton L
The Journal of the American Dental Association (1939),
08/2020, Letnik:
151, Številka:
8
Journal Article
We introduce a model for the emergence of innovations, in which cognitive processes are described as random walks on the network of links among ideas or concepts, and an innovation corresponds to the ...first visit of a node. The transition matrix of the random walk depends on the network weights, while in turn the weight of an edge is reinforced by the passage of a walker. The presence of the network naturally accounts for the mechanism of the "adjacent possible," and the model reproduces both the rate at which novelties emerge and the correlations among them observed empirically. We show this by using synthetic networks and by studying real data sets on the growth of knowledge in different scientific disciplines. Edge-reinforced random walks on complex topologies offer a new modeling framework for the dynamics of correlated novelties and are another example of coevolution of processes and networks.
•Blockchain research remains early-stage, in theory, methods, and empirical work.•We identify 8 different concepts of blockchain from 90% of studies that defined it.•Topics relating to blockchain: ...banking & finance, law, accounting, healthcare.•Benefits include trust-free, decentralized transactions, lower costs, and privacy.•Challenges include regulation, interoperability, scalability, security, and volatility.
Blockchain is the latest ‘disruptive innovation’ that has caught scholars’ attention. It is the underlying technology for Bitcoin and other digital currencies. Stakeholders like developers, entrepreneurs, and technology enthusiasts claim blockchain has the potential to reconfigure the contemporary economic, legal, political and cultural landscape. Skeptics claim the concept and its applications remain ambiguous and uncertain. Business scholars began publishing studies on the emergence and impact of blockchain, bitcoin, and related projects in 2014. In this study, we conduct a PRISMA guided systematic review of blockchain research in the business literature from 2014 to 2018. Our results show a rapid increase of studies over the five year period. The findings also convey key insights about the current state of scholarly investigation on blockchain, including its top benefits and challenges for business and society. We found that blockchain remains an early-stage domain of research in terms of theoretical grounding, methodological diversity, and empirically grounded work. We suggest research directions to improve our understanding of the state of blockchain and advance future research of this increasingly important and expansive area.
•Chemical graph theory and descriptors in drug discovery.•Chemical fingerprint and similarity analysis.•Machine learning models for virtual screening.•Future challenges and direction in ...machine-learning-based drug discovery.
Chemoinformatics is an established discipline focusing on extracting, processing and extrapolating meaningful data from chemical structures. With the rapid explosion of chemical ‘big’ data from HTS and combinatorial synthesis, machine learning has become an indispensable tool for drug designers to mine chemical information from large compound databases to design drugs with important biological properties. To process the chemical data, we first reviewed multiple processing layers in the chemoinformatics pipeline followed by the introduction of commonly used machine learning models in drug discovery and QSAR analysis. Here, we present basic principles and recent case studies to demonstrate the utility of machine learning techniques in chemoinformatics analyses; and we discuss limitations and future directions to guide further development in this evolving field.
The emergence of CRISPR-Cas systems has accelerated the development of gene editing technologies, which are widely used in the life sciences. To improve the performance of these systems, workers have ...engineered and developed a variety of CRISPR-Cas tools with a broader range of targets, higher efficiency and specificity, and greater precision. Moreover, CRISPR-Cas-related technologies have also been expanded beyond making cuts in DNA by introducing functional elements that permit precise gene modification, control gene expression, make epigenetic changes, and so on. In this review, we introduce and summarize the characteristics and applications of different types of CRISPR-Cas tools. We discuss certain limitations of current approaches and future prospects for optimizing CRISPR-Cas systems.
Liu et al. review the development of the CRISPR-Cas toolbox and gene editing technologies, including the Cas nucleases used for gene editing as well as CRISPR-Cas-mediated DSB-dependent and DSB-independent gene editing tools, with an emphasis on precision tools and CRISPR-Cas-related technologies.
M-payment services offer many advantages over traditional payment services and analysts have predicted their explosive growth for years. However, despite touted advantages, adoption has been slow. ...Recent announcements of m-payment services by high-profile providers such as Apple, Google, and PayPal, along with increased vendor support, may spark renewed interest. However, it is unclear whether this will be enough to trigger the long anticipated large-scale adoption. We present a study based on diffusion of innovation theory to investigate the impact of factors influencing m-payment service adoption. In addition, we explore the impact of perceived ubiquity, security, and privacy risk. A sample of 270 survey responses were collected using crowdsourcing and analyzed using SmartPLS. Results of the study indicated that ease of use, relative advantage, visibility and perceived security positively influence the individual's intention to use m-payment services. In addition, ubiquity and trialability positively influence the individual's perception of security while concerns over privacy risks negatively influences perceptions of security. We also discovered that over 46% of those responding to the survey identify as being current users of m-payment services which may suggest a renewed interest on the part of the consumer.
•Ease of use, relative advantage, visibility and perceived security impact usage.•Ubiquity and trialability positively impacts perceived security.•Perceived privacy risk negatively impacts perceived security.•Study utilized crowdsourcing using Mechanical Turk.•46.3% of respondents identified themselves as current users of m-payment services.
Shortly before I was elected President of ASCO, I attended the 65th birthday party of a current patient. She had been diagnosed 10 years earlier with metastatic breast cancer and hadn't been sure she ...wanted to move forward with further treatment. With encouragement, she elected to participate in a clinical trial of an investigational drug that is now widely used to treat breast cancer. Happily, here we were, celebrating with her now-married daughters, their husbands, and three beautiful grandchildren, ages 2, 4, and 8. Such is the importance of clinical trials and promising new therapies.Clinical research is about saving and improving the lives of individuals with cancer. It's a continuing story that builds on the efforts of untold numbers of researchers, clinicians, caregivers, and patients. ASCO's
report tells part of this story, sharing the most transformative research of the past year. The report also includes our latest thinking on the most urgent research priorities in oncology.ASCO's 2020 Advance of the Year-Refinement of Surgical Treatment of Cancer-highlights how progress drives more progress. Surgery has played a fundamental role in cancer treatment. It was the only treatment available for many cancers until the advent of radiation and chemotherapy. The explosion in systemic therapies since then has resulted in significant changes to when and how surgery is performed to treat cancer. In this report, we explore how treatment successes have led to less invasive approaches for advanced melanoma, reduced the need for surgery in renal cell carcinoma, and increased the number of patients with pancreatic cancer who can undergo surgery.Many research advances are made possible by federal funding. With the number of new US cancer cases set to rise by roughly a third over the next decade, continued investment in research at the national level is crucial to continuing critical progress in the prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer.While clinical research has translated to longer survival and better quality of life for many patients with cancer, we can't rest on our laurels. With ASCO's Research Priorities to Accelerate Progress Against Cancer, introduced last year and updated this year, we've identified the critical gaps in cancer prevention and care that we believe to be most pressing. These priorities are intended to guide the direction of research and speed progress.Of course, the effectiveness or number of new treatments is meaningless if patients don't have access to them. High-quality cancer care, including clinical trials, is out of reach for too many patients. Creating an infrastructure to support patients is a critical part of the equation, as is creating connections between clinical practices and research programs. We have much work to do before everyone with cancer has equal access to the best treatments and the opportunity to participate in research. I know that ASCO and the cancer community are up for this challenge.Sincerely,Howard A. "Skip" Burris III, MD, FACP, FASCOASCO President, 2019-2020.
Why do people use and recommend m-wallets? Kaur, Puneet; Dhir, Amandeep; Bodhi, Rahul ...
Journal of retailing and consumer services,
September 2020, 2020-09-00, Letnik:
56
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In recent years, mobile wallets (m-wallets), a special form of mobile payment, have garnered much attention in various emerging markets. M-wallets were designed to offer customers swiftness, ease of ...use, efficiency, effectiveness, transparency, and accessibility. Despite these benefits, usage intentions and adoption of m-wallets in most emerging markets have been low, and they have not received widespread acceptance. Notably, existing research related to intentions to use (IUs) mobile payments has largely focused on developed economies and mobile payments in general. Additionally, few studies have examined intentions to recommend (ITRs), even though researchers have recognized that word-of-mouth is an important driver of consumer behavior. In the present study, we addressed the lack of specific findings on use and recommendation intentions in the context of m-wallets by conducting a large cross-sectional survey of 1256 smartphone users based on diffusion of innovation theory (DOI). Results revealed that relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, and observability were significantly associated with participants' intentions toward m-wallets. However, trialability had no association with participants’ intentions to use and recommend m-wallets to others.
•We examined factors influencing the diffusion of m-wallets in emerging markets.•We used diffusion of innovation theory (DOI) to understand acceptance and use.•We examined the association between various factors and intentions to use/recommend.•Relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, and observability were significant variables.•Trialability had a in significant association with intentions to use/recommend m-wallets.
GRIPP2 (short form and long form) is the first international guidance for reporting of patient and public involvement in health and social care research. This paper describes the development of the ...GRIPP2 reporting checklists, which aim to improve the quality, transparency, and consistency of the international patient and public involvement (PPI) evidence base, to ensure that PPI practice is based on the best evidence
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