The Bosnian language holds significant importance as a member of the West-South Slavic subgroup within the Slavic branch of the Indo-European linguistic family. With approximately 2.5 million ...speakers in Europe, including 1.87 million individuals in Bosnia and Herzegovina alone, the Bosnian language constitutes the mother tongue for a considerable portion of the population.
In Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks related to the Bosnian language, besides removing stop words, it is important to consider the influence of other linguistic elements. Bosnian text contains words derived from diminishers, relative intensifiers, minimizers, maximizers, boosters, and approximators. These words contribute to the overall meaning and sentiment analysis of the text. By including these elements in NLP models and algorithms, researchers can achieve more accurate and nuanced analysis of Bosnian language data, enhancing the effectiveness of NLP applications.
The two lists of sentiment annotated words that present the core of the Bosnian sentiment-annotated lexicon, a list of the stopwords, and a list of Affirmative and non-Affrimative words (AnAwords) composed mostly of intensifiers and diminishers, were used to construct a dataset that presents the base for sentiment analysis in the Bosnian language.
In this manuscript, we present our efforts to develop an accurate sentiment analysis model for Bosnian-language tweets which incorporated three elements: negation cues, AnA-words (referring to ...maximizers, boosters, approximators, relative intensifiers, diminishers, and minimizers), and sentiment-labeled words from a lexicon. We used several machine-learning techniques, including SVM, Naive Bayes, RF, and CNN, with different input parameters, such as batch size, number of convolution layers, and type of convolution layers. In addition to these techniques, BOSentiment is used to provide an initial sentiment value for each tweet, which is then used as input for CNN. Our best-performing model, which combined BOSentiment and CNN with 256 filters and a size of 4×4, with a batch size of 10, achieved an accuracy of over 92%. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in accurately classifying the sentiment of Bosnian tweets using machine-learning techniques, lexicons, and pre-trained models. This study makes a significant contribution to the field of sentiment analysis for under-researched languages such as Bosnian, and our approach could be extended to other languages and social media platforms to gain insight into public opinion.
We investigated the influence of valence shifters on sentiment analysis within a new model built to extract opinions from economic texts. The system relies on implicit convictions that emerge from ...the studied texts through co-occurrences of economic indicators and future state modifiers. The polarity of the modifiers can however easily be reversed using negations, diminishers or intensifiers. We compared the system results with and without counting the effect of negations and future state modifier strength and we found that results better than chance are rarely achieved in the second case. In the first case however we proved that the opinion polarity identification accuracy is similar or better than that of other similar tests. Furthermore we found that, when applied to economic indicators, diminishers have the effect of negations.
This article discusses the role of online media in natural resource conflicts in Riau during 2016-2018. The conflict has always been at national highest position, even though there are 323 online ...media that should be able to accelerate conflict resolution. The research is conducted using qualitative content analysis with data from the annual report on conflict news in 2016-2018, and analyzed based on news content and media trends. The findings show that online media plays a function of conflict diminisher for economic interests. In the process, there are parties involved, namely investors, local communities, media, and the government.
Even though intensifiers have received a good deal of attention over the past few decades, downtoners, comprising diminishers and minimizers, have remained by and large a neglected category (but cf. ...Brinton, this issue). Among downtoners, the adverb little or a little stands out as the most frequent item. It is multifunctional and serves as a diminishing and minimizing intensifier and also in non-degree uses as a quantifier, frequentative, and durative. Therefore, the present paper is devoted to the structural and functional profile of (a) little in Late Modern English speech-related data. The data source is the socio-pragmatically annotated Old Bailey Corpus (OBC, version 2.0), which allows, among other things, the investigation of the usage of the item among different speaker groups. Our research charts the semantic and formal uses of adverbial little. Downtoner uses outnumber non-degree uses in the data, and diminishing uses are more common than minimizing uses. The formal realization is predominantly a little, with very rare determinerless or modified instances, such as very little. Little modifies a wide range of “targets,” but most frequently adjectives and prepositional phrases, focusing on human states and circumstantial detail. With regard to variation and change, adverbial little declines in use over the 200 years and is used more commonly by speakers from the lower social ranks and by the lay, non-professional participants in the courtroom.
Since its conception ELECTRE TRI has been widely used to deal with several problems in the problematic of sorting. However, the inherent limitation of this method lies in its working with only one ...decision-maker. Currently there is an ELECTRE TRI version that can be used with multiple decision-makers, but it lacks the tools to deal with non-cooperative situations. Thus, this paper puts forward a negotiation procedure to be applied when using ELECTRE TRI. The procedure was inspired by the last-diminisher procedure and a version of the Nash Demand Game, Divide-the-Dollar, in order to establish an envy-free Nash Equilibrium and to control greed. The method establishes a negotiation process between decision-makers, in order to define each player's degree of participation in determining the values of the ELECTRE TRI criteria, weights and parameters. Each parameter is divided into negotiable shares that will be distributed by means of the negotiation procedure, which represents the degree of participation of the decision-maker's preferences.
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