Američki cvrčak (Scaphoideus titanus Ball.) jedini je poznati prirodni vektor zlatne žutice vinove loze. Hrani se sišući sokove iz floema vinove loze, pri čemu usvaja fitoplazmu (Flavescence dorée) ...koju unosi u svoj organizam i na taj način ju prenosi hranjenjem sa zaraženih na zdrave trsove. Za uspješno suzbijanje američkog cvrčka vrlo je bitno poznavati njegovu biologiju i ekologiju. Temeljem toga cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti prisutnost i utvrditi brojnost američkog cvrčka, te učinkovitost tretiranja. Istraživanje je postavljeno 2018. godine na lokalitetu Ilok. Pratila se dinamika pojave i utvrdila se brojnost ličinki i odraslih oblika američkog cvrčka u vinogradima na tri različite lokacije u Iloku. Dinamika pojave i brojnost pratila se uz pomoć žutih ljepljivih ploča. Istraživanje je pokazalo da je prosječan ulov po žutoj ploči bio 2, 5 ili 9 američkih cvrčaka, ovisno o lokalitetu. Učinkovitost tretiranja pokazala se najuspješnijom u vinogradu na lokaciji „Principovac“, u kojemu su korištena zaštitna sredstva različitih skupina prema mehanizmu djelovanja. U istraživanju nisu utvrđeni simptomi zlatne žutice vinove loze.
Leafhopper (Scaphoideus titanus) is the only known natural vector of golden grapevine yellow. It feeds by sucking juice from the grapevine, receiving Flavescence dorée, which enters into its own organism and thus
it transmitting by feeding from infected to healthy stock. For successfully control of leafhopper, it is very important to know it's biology and ecology. Based on that the aim of this paper was to investigate the presence and determine the number of leafhoppers and treatments efficiency. The research was set up in 2018 at the Ilok site.
The dynamics of the appearance and the number of larval and adult forms
of leafhopper in vineyards were determined at three different locations. Dynamics of both elements was assessed by yellow adhesive plates. The study showed that the average catch per yellow adhesive plate was 2, 5 or 9 leafhoppers depending on the location. The most effective treatment was in the vineyard at the Principovac site, which included protective agents of different groups according to the mechanism of activity. In this study no symptoms of golden grapevine yellow were found.
Pozadina istraživanja. Sušenje je jedan od najtradicionalnijih postupaka konzerviranja hrane. Optimiranjem postupka sušenja dobivaju se proizvodi koji su cijenom i kakvoćom konkurentni na tržištu. ...Primjena ultrazvuka je uobičajena metoda prethodne obrade proizvoda prije sušenja. Svrha je ovoga rada bila ispitati različite metode sušenja s prethodnom obradom ultrazvukom ili bez nje na prijenos topline i mase, te napraviti simulaciju temperaturnog profila primjenom računalne dinamike fluida. Eksperimentalni pristup. Kriške dinje su prethodno obrađene ultrazvukom pri 25 kHz tijekom 10, 20 i 30 min, te su izmjereni gubitak vode i povećanje mase suhe tvari uzoraka. Uzorci su zatim sušeni pri temperaturama od 50, 60 i 70 °C. Procijenjena je efektivna difuzivnost vode, a eksperimentalni su rezultati oblikovani pomoću empirijskih modela. Protok zraka u sušari i promjena temperature u krišci dinje simulirani su pomoću računalne dinamike fluida. Rezultati i zaključci. Prethodnom obradom ultrazvukom vrijeme se sušenja smanjilo od 25 % (za uzorke obrađene ultrazvukom tijekom 20 i 30 min, a zatim sušene na 50 °C) do 40 % (za uzorke obrađene ultrazvukom tijekom 20 i 30 min, a zatim sušene na 70 °C). Dvočlani eksponencijalni model najbolje je opisao eksperimentalne podatke, a koeficijent difuzivnosti povećavao se s produljenjem obrade uzoraka dinje ultrazvukom. Gubitak vode i povećanje mase suhe tvari tijekom prethodne obrade ultrazvukom, te kinetika sušenja i podaci o difuzivnosti korišteni su za odabir najboljih eksperimentalnih uvjeta i njihovu simulaciju pomoću računalne dinamike fluida. Modeliranjem prijenosa topline potvrđeno je da je distribucija topline u kriški dinje bila u skladu s očekivanjima. Stoga je zaključeno da temperaturni profil dobiven računalnom dinamikom fluida na zadovoljavajući način opisuje postupak sušenja. Novina i znanstveni doprinos. Alati za simulaciju stvarnih procesa omogućuju praćenje i poboljšanje postojećih postupaka obrade hrane kao što je sušenje, koje uključuje kompleksne mehanizme, što otežava dobivanje podataka. Primjena računalne dinamike fluida pri sušenju voća i povrća je noviji i slabo istražen postupak. U znanstvenoj literaturi nema podataka o upotrebi računalne dinamike fluida pri sušenju dinje.
Uloga šuma hrasta crnike nije primarno gospodarska, iako djelomično može biti (ogrjevno drvo, biomasa), ali danas u okolnostima klimatskih promjena izraženija je njihova ekološka i socijalna uloga, ...posebno zato što prevladavaju šume niskoga uzgojnoga oblika (panjače). Površina uređajnoga razreda panjača hrasta crnike u Republici Hrvatskoj iznosi 21 216,63 ha, od toga je 8351,79 ha u redovitom gospodarenju poduzeća Hrvatske šume d.o.o. Površina od 12 740,18 ha nalazi se u šumoposjedničkim šumama. Zajedničko je obilježje panjača hrasta crnike izostanak bilo kakvih uzgojnih radova u mladosti i tijekom njihova razvoja, premda su u panjačama propisani šumskouzgojni radovi na čišćenju i prorjeđivanju te na obnovi. Budući da su prepuštene spontanu razvoju, razvio se čitav spektar, od onih najkvalitetnijih s relativno visokom drvnom zalihom dobro sklopljenih i suvislo obraslih sastojina pa do onih nekvalitetnih, razbijena sklopa, sa sitnim i kvalitetno lošim stablima male drvne zalihe. Istraživanjem su obuhvaćene samo plohe u okviru međunarodnoga projekta »Man and Biosphere« – MAB (Čovjek i biosfera), plohe Šumarskoga fakulteta te plohe Hrvatskoga šumarskoga instituta. Strukturna istraživanja radila su se u crnikovim šumama i uspoređivana su na trajnim pokusnim plohama s otoka Raba, Brijuna i otoka Mljeta (TPP br. 36, br. 56 i 57, br. 37). Na trajnim pokusnim plohama izoliranima od antropogenoga utjecaja u tijeku su progresivni sukcescijski procesi, iako je zabilježen intenzivan utjecaj divljači na Rabu i na Cresu, što će uvjetovati problem obnove. Sastojine poprimaju izgled jednodobne sastojine, stabilne su i buduća istraživanja trebala bi pratiti daljnju dinamiku razvoja sastojine. Eventualni poremećaji mogli bi biti izazvani ponajviše požarom.
The role of holm oak forests is not primarily commercial, though they have some commercial uses (heating wood, biomass). Today, under conditions of climate change, the ecological and social roles of these forests are becoming increasingly important, particularly since this species is predominantly found in low forest forms (coppices). In the Republic of Croatia, the surface area of holm oak coppices is 21,216.63 ha, of which 8351.79 ha are under the regular management of the national company Hrvatske šume d.o.o. (Croatian Forests). Another 12,740.18 ha are within privately owned forests. Holm oak coppices are characterised by a lack of any silvicultural works during the young stages of the forest and during their development, despite the fact that silvicultural works, such as cleaning, thinning and restoration, are prescribed for coppices. Since they are left to develop spontaneously, an entire spectrum of wood is produced, from relatively high wood stock with well formed and sufficiently thick stands, to lesser quality, sparse forms with poor, weak trees of low wood volume. This study was conducted on MAB plots (Man and Biosphere international project) of the Faculty of Foresty, University of Zagreb, and plots of the Forestry Institute. Structural research was conducted in holm oak forests, and compared to permanent experimental plots (PEP) on the islands of Rab, Brijuni and Mljet (PEP nos. 36, 56 and 57, 37, respectively). Comparison with other PEPs (Fig. 9) on the Brijuni Islands and Mljet Island, where the association Fraxino orni – Quercetum ilicis H-ić is also present, gives a broad overview of the succession of this community. Since there was only one measurement for PEP No. 57 (Brijuni Islands), the initial comparison refers to measurements on PEPs No. 36 (Rab Island) and 37 (Mljet Island). Systematic research (ongoing since 1996) on the PEPs is outlined in the studies of Dubravac and Krejči (Tables 4 and 5). The authors examined 12 PEPs and described the structure of holm oak stands therein, with special emphasis on the possibility of applying seed cutting, or transforming holm oak coppices into high growth forest. Thinning experiments were conducted on the experimental plots of the Faculty of Forestry, University of Zagreb, in the period from 2006 to 2014 (results shown in Tables 7 and 8). Progressive succession processes were found to be underway on experimental plots that were isolated from anthropogenic influences. These stands took on a stable, middle-aged form, and future research should continue to monitor the dynamics of stand development. Possible disturbances are most likely to result from fire.
DINAMIKA STUDI ISLAM DI BARAT Rusydi, M
Jurnal Studia Insania (Online),
04/2016, Letnik:
4, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The following writing shows the historicity of Islamic studies in the West. It is important to reflect, at least as a comparison for our Islamic studies in Indonesia. Initially, Islamic studies in ...the West were looked unfairly. Islam was considered a fragment of Jews and Christian tradition. Thus, Islamic studies were positioned as a subunit of Christian studies. At this condition, Islamic studies tended to be colonized by West scholars’ ideology. However, in 1980, Islamic studies began to be looked fairly in the West. Funded by National Endowment for the Humanities, University of Arizona for the first time held an international symposium on Islam and Religious Studies. In this symposium, Islam was considered equally with Christian. Therefore, the research on it was not only about Islam as religion but also as civilization. It was indicated by various approaches to Islam such as philology, social and humanities approaches. Today, Islamic studies develop intensively with the contemporary approaches called post-orientalism which is based on post-colonialism, post-structuralism, multiculturalism, and critical theory.
Education in essence is a conscious effort of all parties to internalize the noble values both taught by religious teachings and Pancasila to all children of the nation. The formation of character ...in order to strengthen the nation's civilization is an important goal of education. the function of Islamic Education is a means to provide facilities that can enable the task of Islamic education to be achieved and run smoothly. Religious education has received serious attention from the government, both in public and private schools. Religious education has received serious attention from the government, both in public and private schools. Education in essence is a conscious effort of all parties to internalize the noble values both taught by religious teachings and Pancasila to all children of the nation. The formation of character in order to strengthen the nation's civilization is an important goal of education. The Commission for Education and Regeneration of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) feels the need and is called upon to convey several views to the wider community, especially regarding the impact of political dynamics on education
Preduster merupakan alat berbentuk cyclone yang digunakan dalam memisahkan gas dan padatan. Dalam industri semen, alat ini dipasang untuk memisahkan partikel debu dan udara panas sisa pembakaran dan ...pemanasan sehingga udara panas tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan kembali sebagai media pra-pemanasan bahan baku maupun media pengering batu bara. Komputasi berbasis dinamika fluida telah digunakan dalam penelitian ini karena mampu menyelesaikan persamaan perpindahan momentum, panas maupun massa. Pemodelan sistem unsteady state menggunakan algoritma Large Eddy Simulation (LES) dengan time step 0,01 selama 10 detik. Pendekatan distribusi partikel yang masuk dalam preduster menggunakan model Lagrangian. Performa preduster dinilai dari efisiensi pemisahan solidnya, pemodelan ini memprediksi efisiensi pemisahan yang terjadi selama 10 detik mencapai 70,9%.
Curriculum changes are caused by several problems in curriculum implementation including the unpreparedness of students in implementing curriculum changes, limited facilities and infrastructure, lack ...of educational welfare, students do not participate in intense activities, and teachers are limited in mastering the new curriculum. The dynamics of curriculum change in Indonesia aims to make education in Indonesia able to compete with developed countries around the world. This study was conducted to determine the dynamics of curriculum changes on the quality of education in Indonesia. In its implementation, this study uses a qualitative research type. This research was conducted with a systematic literature review (SLR) research method which has an even and systematic nature by reviewing, analyzing and providing an assessment of the results of existing data, and the review process is carried out in thorough detail so that conclusions can be drawn. The results of this study indicate that curriculum changes occur due to a number of causal factors, including (1). The freedom of certain regions in the world from the domination of the colonialists. (2). The development of science and technology is very fast (3). Rapid growth with increasing population.
ABSTRACT International community agrees that there is requires of a framework that is complied with, namely the determination of when violations of international peace and security, the institution ...or organ that has the right to determine it is the United Nation of Security Council. The reality is that the exercise of this authority is not easy to realize which causes the major powers to end up exercising power without the mandate of the UNSC or waging war which is then qualified as an unjust war. The purpose of this study aims to inventory the problems that encompass authority so that an unjust war occurs, using normative juridical methods using sovereignty theory and jurisdiction will explore the problematic dynamics of the state and the UNSC. The results of the study show that the problem of the occurrence of unjust war can be divided into two phases, namely the beginning of the formation of the United Nations or during the Cold War, as well as the post-cold war which has implications for how large countries use the UN system to resolve conflicts, then the need for a norm conflict resolution mechanism in the UN charter at one side is related to the great authority of the UNSC to determine threats to peace along with the actions that need to be taken, but on the other hand it is necessary to reform the decision making system that relies on the use of veto rights as the main obstacle that must be changed. Keywords: Unjust War; Authority; Dynamic; Security Council. ABSTRAK Kesepakatan masyarakat internasional menghendaki kerangka yang dipatuhi bersama yakni penentuan bilamana pelanggaran terhadap perdamaian dan keamanan internasional maka lembaga atau organ yang berhak menentukannya ialah DK PBB. Kenyataannya pelaksanaan kewenangan tersebut tidak mudah di realisasikan yang menyebabkan negara-negara besar akhirnya menjalankan penggunaan kekuatan tanpa adanya mandat dari DK PBB atau menjalankan peperangan yang kemudian dikualifikasikan sebagai unjust war. Tujuan penelitian ini bertujuan menginventarisir problematika apa yang melingkupi kewenangan sehingga terjadi suatu unjust war itu sendiri, dengan menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan teori kedaulatan dan yurisdiksi akan mengupas dinamika problematik negara dan DK PBB tersebut. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa problematik terjadinya unjust war dapat dibagi menjadi dua fase yakni awal pembentukan PBB ataupun di masa perang dingin, serta pasca perang dingin yang berimplikasi terhadap bagaimana negara besar menggunakan sistem PBB untuk menyelesaikan konflik, selanjutnya perlunya mekanisme penyelesaian konflik norma dalam piagam PBB di mana satu sisi terkait kewenangan besar pada DK PBB untuk menentukan ancaman terhadap perdamaian beserta tindakan yang perlu diambil, namun disisi lain perlu mereformasi sistem pengambilan keputusan yang bertumpu pada penggunaan hak veto sebagai ganjalan utama yang harus diubah. Kata Kunci: Unjust War; Kewenangan; Dinamika; Dewan Keamanan.
Trijų metus stebėjome 62 studentus, padalintus į tris grupes. Pirmosios grupės studentai dalyvavo keturių valandų per savaitę bendrosiose treniruotėse pirmaisiais ir antraisiais studijų metais ir ...dviejų valandų per savaitę treniruotėse trečiaisiais studijų metais. Antrajai grupei priklausę studentai buvo mokomi slidinėjimo aštuonias valandas per savaitę. Trečioji grupė turėjo žaidimų pamokas aštuonias valandas per savaitę. Stebėjimo rezultatai rodo, jog ne mažiau nei keturių valandų užsiėmimai yra efektyvi priemonė psichomotorinių reakcijų vystymuisi ir judesių dažnumo dinamikai. Stebėjimas taip pat atskleidė, jog psichomotorinės reakcijos ir judesių dažnumo dinamika yra glaudžiai susijusi su greičiu.
Telah dilakukan perluasan model black hole schwartzchild dengan pendekatan metrik yang gayut waktu. Selain itu, dianalisis pula konsekuensi fisis akibat black hole bergerak dengan kecepatan seragam ...terhadap pengamat. Hasil yang di luar dugaan adalah ternyata horizon peristiwa terus mengalami perluasan bagi pengamat bila black hole mengalami gerakan dengan kecepatan seragam. Perluasan model ini pada akhirnya menunjukkan terjadinya pergesaran biru (blue-shift).
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