This classic account of interwar diplomacy examines the curious fate of the diplomat, "the honest man sent to lie abroad for the good of his country, " in the capitals of a darkening Europe. These ...men—ambassadors in the field and officials in the Foreign Office—worked against time in a world that witnessed the complete reorganization of the European system amid the onslaught of totalitarianism. Leading experts investigate the diplomatic history of these years through the eyes of those entrusted with the extraordinarily delicate task of conducting the fateful negotiations that effect national policy. Drawing on government archives, European memoirs, and diplomatic studies, this book is both an absorbing history of twenty years of crisis and a searching analysis of the role of diplomacy in the modern age.
Abstract This article argues that interpersonal commitment is statespersons’ most highly coveted aim, the greatest benefit that interpersonal relations can yield in diplomacy. Accordingly, ...statespersons employ a range of relational practices in encounters with counterparts, seeking to create and harness commitment that will advance professional aims. We argue that statespersons can follow one of two paths to generate commitment: (1) creating feelings of gratitude and providing help that makes a counterpart feel indebted; or (2) cultivating friendly relations. Both demand the successful implementation of relational practices. On the basis of thirty semistructured interviews with past and present senior Israeli statespersons and an analysis of fifteen autobiographies written by senior Israeli diplomats and political figures, we demonstrate to what extent statespersons acknowledge the importance of interpersonal commitment and its ramifications; identify the relational practices that statespersons employ to elicit commitment from a counterpart; and discuss the conditions that facilitate the emergence of such a commitment. We conclude by discussing the differences between thin and thick interpersonal commitments and underlining the importance of interpersonal relations in diplomacy.
Recent debates within broadly considered posthumanities have been populated by various conceptual personae. One such figure is the diplomat. First proposed in this context by Isabelle Stengers in her ...Cosmopolitics series, the diplomat has been subsequently taken up and further developed by Bruno Latour, particularly in his AIME project, and most recently by Baptiste Morizot in Les Diplomates. This article traces the metamorphosis of this conceptual character in the work of Stengers, Latour and Morizot. As all three versions are relatively close to each other, this article proposes three companion figures: the heretic (for Stengers), the designer (for Latour) and the amateur (for Morizot) that allow us to carefully examine the differences between, and the specific stakes of, each iteration of the diplomat. Furthermore, the article critically evaluates the theoretical pertinence of the diplomat figure for each philosopher’s project and considers its potential for thinking about the future of our more-than-human worlds.
Allen Dulles, a friend of Bristol's and the head of the Department's Near East division, suppressed Horton's reporting and instead gave Secretary of State Charles Hughes and President Warren Harding ...a report consistent with Bristol's falsehoods. The Department dismissed the intelligence officer who drafted many of Bristol's reports and asked Bristol to do better, citing Horton as a positive example, but never sacked Bristol. Since no one knew about the Department's internal investigation that exonerated Horton of bias until recently, the charges of bias clung to him despite his protestations and evidence to the contrary. "3 He detailed Turkey's "consistent program of exterminating Christianity throughout the length and breadth of the old Byzantine Empire," insisting it was "carried on over a considerable period of time, with fixed purpose, with system, and with painstaking minute details" and "unspeakable cruelties." Modern scholarship has substantiated all these points, most recently in a Harvard University Press book by two Israeli scholars who document how and why the Turks from 1894-1924 "murdered, straightforwardly or indirectly, through privation and disease, between 1.5 and 2.5 million Christians.
Cooperative Principle is one of the pragmatics disciplines that should be known by everyone to conduct effective communication, especially diplomats. This research studied the utterances which were ...uttered by two Russian diplomats who are actively working at the Russian Embassy in Indonesia, Denis Tetyushin and Lyudmila Vorobyova in their interviews with Asumsi.co. The objectives of this research were to identify the maxims of cooperative principle which are produced by the interviewees in the Asumsi.co interviews, to figure out the types of maxims disobedience which are produced by the interviewees, and to recognise the motives behind the interviewees obeying and disobeying the maxims. This study was conducted with a qualitative approach assisted by a statistical descriptive method to see the distribution of the obedience and disobedience utterances. The result of the research revealed 47 data obey and disobey the maxim of cooperative principles. The most obeyed maxim was the maxim of manner, followed by the maxim of quantity, the maxim of quality, and there was no utterance which followed the maxim of relevance rule.
Çalışmada kadim bir geçmişe sahip olan Kıbrıs’ta XIX. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında
görev yapan Amerikalı ve Avrupalı diplomatların eski eser araştırmaları
irdelendi. 1850’ler ve 1870’ler arasında Kıbrıs ...arkeolojisinde etkin olan
diplomat arkeologlar, kimi zaman dostça kimi zaman da kıyasıya bir rekabet
ruhu içerisinde hareket ederek topladıkları koleksiyonları Avrupa müzelerine
naklederek buraları zenginleştirdiler. Bu durum karşısında Osmanlı makamları,
ülkedeki eski eserlerin yağmalanmasını önlemek amacıyla 1869’da ve 1874’te
Eski Eser Nizamnamelerini yürürlüğe koydu. Bu kapsamda adadaki kazılar
sonucunda elde edilen eserlerden bir kısmını İstanbul’a Müze-i Hümâyun’a
nakletti. 1878’de Kıbrıs’ın yönetiminin İngiltere’ye geçmesinden sonra ise
adadaki bütün eski eserlerin tasarrufu İngiliz Hükümetine geçmiş oldu.
The contemporary model of a Polish diplomat is the result of a long evolution. The first mentions of the topic date back to antiquity and the Middle Ages. It was not until modern times, however, that ...more interest was vested in this issue. In Western Europe, Niccolo Machiavelli, Torquato Tasso, Abraham de Wicquefort, François de Callierrès, Harold Nicolson, and others have commented on this topic. In Poland, Jakub Przyłuski, Krzysztof Warszewicki, Wawrzyniec Piaseczyński, Stanisław Miński, Tadeusz Morski, Adam Czartoryski – and currently Jerzy M. Nowak, Roman Czyżycki, and Bogdan Grzeloński – have discussed the virtues and vices of diplomats. Their remarks provide a sufficient basis for developing a model of a diplomat and following its evolution over the span of five centuries. To achieve this goal, I utilized my proprietary method of pattern research, analyzing the four components of genealogical, personality, professional, and social conditions. The first is related to one’s birth, which can lead to a comprehensive education, good physical condition and inherited wealth. The last one was important in the past, but of no importance now. The second concerns the personal predispositions of a diplomat, in which effectiveness initially took precedence over morality, but morality is now on par with effectiveness. The next set of determinants relates to professionalism, which entails a great responsibility for the position of the state in the international arena and for the fate of one’s fellow citizens. Thus, it is more than a profession, as it constitutes a kind of mission and service to one’s country. The last component – social conditions – determines the relationships with members of the diplomatic corps, which is especially important today, now that diplomacy has become a team sport. Such a pattern remains difficult to follow, both for past and present generations. However, it is still a desired object of aspiration meant to transform into actual patterns.
