Dissidents exist in every nation, always have, and perhaps always will – existing in that risky space between being patriots and being enemies of the state. Social media, on the other hand, is a ...fairly recent tool of communication defined by its heightened ductility in the hands of users. The admixture of social media and political dissidence has thrown many governments in a ceaseless panic, reflected in the raft of legislation enacted to control and constrain cyber activities. This paper studied the ‘social media dissidence’ phenomenon in Zimbabwe in the period 2016 within the context of digital media and the publics in Africa. The periodization understudy is noticeable because it bore witness to a variety of unsettling acts by individuals that provoked panicked responses from the state. Using qualitative data drawn from Facebook and Twitter and deploying Mamdani’s citizen and subject, the study examines the nature of the born-digital dissidence in a sample of two cases, #ThisFlag and #Tajamuka. The paper establishes the possibilities and limitations of deploying social media as a tool for expressing protest and dissidence. The study found that social media dissidence is marked by constant fluidity, transmogrification, crests, and troughs.
L’association « Paulette NARDAL au Panthéon » s’investit pour que soit reconnu l’apport considérable de Paulette Nardal comme première journaliste noire de France et précurseure du mouvement de la ...Négritude. Son parcours riche et multiple, avec ses engagements littéraires et politiques, son militantisme pour les femmes noires en particulier et les Noirs en général, n’est pas toujours connu de ses compatriotes et doit en effet être mis en lumière.
In this qualitative and exploratory study, applying a comparative approach through content analysis, the (re)translations of three short stories from Dubliners were investigated. The aim was to draw ...on filial and dissident intertextual relations and, thereby, to investigate the effect of the preceding translations on the subsequent ones. Moreover, attempts were made to test Berman’s retranslation hypothesis. After identifying filial and dissident cases, those with the same nature were categorized and coded to find the realization of filiation and dissidence. The findings revealed both filial and dissident relations between the second translation and the earlier ones. The fact that the inappropriate collocations of the first translation(s) found their way to the second translation served as evidence for the filial relationship. The salient instances of dissidence included correcting the wrong choices of the earlier ones, adding omissions, appropriating the level of formality in dialogues, and cultural toning down. However, the third translation revealed a dominantly dissident relationship with its predecessors as cases of wrong translation were observed. Considering that a tendency was observed in the second translation to tone down the cultural elements and that translational errors were found in the third translation, Berman’s idea as to source-orientedness and the revolutionary nature of retranslations was rejected. The present study bears pedagogical implications as the approach taken can be used in comparative translation courses. Besides, the findings are awareness-raising among policymakers in the publishing industry as they highlight the need for taking supervisory measures and enacting restrictive laws on retranslations.
Objective/context: This article analyzes testimonies of religious and military men, produced between 1770 and 1812, which give an account of Chumash, Juaneño and Yuma indigenous men of Alta ...California who were in the habit of dressing as women and joining them in the tasks corresponding to the feminine roles in these societies. The documents analyzed include two military diaries on the exploration expeditions and three chronicles of Franciscans who, starting in 1769, were in charge of founding missions in this area. Methodology: Through a gender perspective analysis, we examine the terms and categories used in the sources to describe and give meaning to the sexual roles and practices of the Coyas/Joyas, Cuút or Uluqi. Originality: The few works dedicated to the analysis of California Indians “in the habit of women” have focused on the missionary discourse or on the denunciation of the supposed “extermination” of dissident sexual practices. This paper argues that while the testimonies unanimously condemned these practices, they differed in the categories used to name and classify them and, thus, in the meaning attributed to them, which resulted in different legal and theological implications. Conclusions: The existence of men who dressed as women persisted, according to the sources analyzed, until the beginning of the 19th century in the region from the Gila and Colorado rivers to the Santa Barbara canal in northwestern New Spain. The categories of sodomy, amaricados or hermaphrodites, and male-female were understood under the single-sex model. And, although by the end of the eighteenth century, the principles of modern legal medicine were beginning to change, the meaning given to the Coyas/Joyas was linked to the justification of the advances or difficulties of colonization rather than to the scientific debates of the time.
Objetivo/contexto: este artículo analiza testimonios de religiosos y militares, producidos entre 1770 y 1812, que dan cuenta de varones indígenas chumash, juaneños y yumas de la Alta California (el actual estado de California, Estados Unidos) que tenían la costumbre de vestir como mujeres y sumarse a ellas en las tareas correspondientes a los roles femeninos en estas sociedades. Las noticias analizadas incluyen dos diarios de militares sobre las expediciones de exploración y tres crónicas de franciscanos quienes, a partir de 1769, estuvieron a cargo de fundar misiones en esta zona. Metodología: a través de un análisis con perspectiva de género, se examinan los términos y categorías utilizados en las fuentes para describir y otorgar sentido a los roles y las prácticas sexuales de les coyas/joyas, cuút o uluqi. Originalidad: los escasos trabajos dedicados al análisis de los indígenas de California “en hábito de mujeres” se han enfocado en el discurso misional o en la denuncia del supuesto “exterminio” de las prácticas sexuales disidentes. Este trabajo plantea que, si bien los testimonios condenaban unánimemente estas prácticas, diferían en las categorías usadas para nombrarlas y clasificarlas, y, por lo tanto, en el sentido que les atribuían, lo que derivaba en implicaciones jurídicas y teológicas distintas. Conclusiones: la existencia de hombres que vestían como mujeres persistió, según las fuentes analizadas, hasta inicios del siglo XIX en la región que abarca desde los ríos Gila y Colorado hasta el canal de Santa Bárbara en el noroeste de la Nueva España. Las categorías de sodomía, amaricados o hermafroditas, y la de hombre-mujer se entendían bajo el modelo del sexo único. Y, pese a que para fines del siglo XVIII los principios de la medicina legal moderna comenzaban a cambiar, el sentido otorgado a les coyas/joyas estuvo vinculado a la justificación de los avances o dificultades de la colonización, más que a los debates científicos del momento.
Objetivo/contexto: neste artigo, são analisados testemunhos religiosos e militares, produzidos entre 1770 e 1812, que descrevem homens indígenas chumash, juaneño e yuma da Alta Califórnia (o atual estado da Califórnia, Estados Unidos) que tinham o costume de se vestir como mulheres e de se juntar a elas nas tarefas correspondentes aos papéis femininos nessas sociedades. As notícias analisadas incluem dois diários militares sobre expedições de exploração e três crônicas de franciscanos que, a partir de 1769, foram encarregados de fundar missões nessa área. Metodologia: por meio de uma análise de gênero, são examinados os termos e as categorias usados nas fontes para descrever e dar sentido aos papéis e às práticas sexuais dos coyas/joyas, cuút ou uluqi. Originalidade: os poucos trabalhos dedicados à análise dos índios da Califórnia “em trajes femininos” se concentraram no discurso missionário ou na denúncia do suposto “extermínio” de práticas sexuais dissidentes. Neste artigo, argumenta-se que, embora os testemunhos condenassem unanimemente essas práticas, eles diferiam nas categorias usadas para nomeá-las e classificá-las e, portanto, no sentido atribuído a elas, o que levou a diferentes implicações legais e teológicas. Conclusões: a existência de homens que se vestiam de mulher persistiu, de acordo com as fontes analisadas, até o início do século 19 na região dos rios Gila e Colorado até o canal de Santa Bárbara, no noroeste da Nova Espanha. As categorias de sodomia, amaricados ou hermafroditas, e a de homem-mulher eram compreendidas sob o modelo de sexo único. E, apesar de, no final do século 18, os princípios da medicina legal moderna estarem começando a mudar, o sentido dado às coyas/joyas estava ligado à justificativa dos avanços ou dificuldades da colonização, e não aos debates científicos da época.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Objective/Context: This article explores, from the perspective of cultural history, the social representations produced by the press about homosexuality in Antioquia (Colombia) during the second half ...of the twentieth century. In doing so, it aims to approach the figure of the sexual monster, the ridiculous homosexual, the infectious “faggot”, the individual explainable by science, and the subject who conquers its citizenship and disputes its rights. Methodology: The discourses and representations of homosexuality in the newspapers Sucesos Sensacionales, El Colombiano and the radio newspaper El Clarín were identified; an interpretative matrix was constructed by cross-referencing cultural elements of the context with journalistic representations. Originality: The period 1960-2000 corresponds to an unexplored period on the subject. Its revision is articulated with the observation of previous and parallel representations of the processes of homosexual liberation and the conquest of rights: the decades of 1960-1970, the emergence of hiv/aids in 1980, and the appearance of a series of social organizations around the anti-aids struggle in the 1990s accompanied by the juridical-political path traced by social movements. Conclusion: During this period, a homosexual subject emerges who, in addition to being outlined by the media, begins to postulate an image of himself that tensions the field of representations. Despite pointing to changes associated with freedoms and rights, the novelties in the press - influenced by international and local contexts and contested by everyday practices that claimed sex/gender dissidence - also pose a conservative counter-response that reinstates old ghosts and prejudices. Thus, this is not a linear and progressive history that moves from darkness to light, that is, from a dark past of violence and denial to the conquest of rights, but reflects diverse continuities and simultaneities in the representation of homosexuality.
Objetivo/contexto: este artículo explora, desde la perspectiva de la historia cultural, las representaciones sociales producidas por la prensa en torno a la homosexualidad en Antioquia durante la segunda mitad del siglo xx. Con esto se propone aproximarse a la figura del monstruo sexual, el homosexual ridículo, el “marica” infeccioso, el individuo explicable por la ciencia, y el sujeto que conquista su ciudadanía y disputa sus derechos. Metodología: se identificaron los discursos y representaciones de la homosexualidad en los periódicos Sucesos Sensacionales y El Colombiano, y en el radioperiódico El Clarín; se construyó una matriz interpretativa cruzando elementos culturales del contexto con las representaciones periodísticas. Originalidad: el lapso 1960-2000 corresponde a un periodo inexplorado sobre el tema. Su revisión se articula con la observación de representaciones previas y paralelas a los procesos de liberación homosexual y de conquista de derechos: las décadas de 1960-1970, la emergencia del vih/sida en 1980 y la aparición de una serie de organizaciones sociales alrededor de la lucha antisida en la década de 1990, acompañada de la senda jurídico-política trazada por movimientos sociales. Conclusiones: durante este periodo emerge un sujeto homosexual que, además de ser esbozado por los medios de comunicación, empieza a postular una imagen de sí mismo que tensiona el campo de las representaciones. Pese a señalar cambios asociados con las libertades y los derechos, las novedades en la prensa —influenciadas por contextos internacionales y locales, y disputadas por prácticas cotidianas que reivindicaban las disidencias de sexo/género—, plantean también una contrarrespuesta conservadora que reinstala antiguos fantasmas y prejuicios. Así, esta no es una historia lineal y progresiva que parte de la oscuridad a la luz, es decir, que inicia en un pasado oscuro de violencia y negación, y transita hacia la conquista de derechos, sino que refleja diversas continuidades y simultaneidades en la representación de la homosexualidad.
Objetivo/contexto: neste artigo, são exploradas, a partir da perspectiva da história cultural, as representações sociais produzidas pela imprensa sobre a homossexualidade em Antioquia durante a segunda metade do século 20. Ao fazê-lo, pretende-se abordar a figura do monstro sexual, do homossexual ridículo, da “bicha” infecciosa, do indivíduo explicável pela ciência e do sujeito que conquista sua cidadania e disputa seus direitos. Metodologia: os discursos e as representações da homossexualidade foram identificados nos jornais Sucesos Sensacionales, El Colombiano e, no jornal radiofônico, El Clarín; uma matriz interpretativa foi construída cruzando elementos culturais do contexto com as representações jornalísticas. Originalidade: o período 1960-2000 corresponde a um período inexplorado sobre o assunto. Sua revisão se articula com a observação de representações anteriores e paralelas aos processos de liberação homossexual e de conquista de direitos: as décadas de 1960-1970, o surgimento do hiv/aids em 1980 e o aparecimento de uma série de organizações sociais em torno da luta antiaids na década de 1990, acompanhadas pelo caminho jurídico-político traçado pelos movimentos sociais. Conclusão: nesse período, emerge um sujeito homossexual que, além de ser delineado pela mídia, começa a postular uma imagem de si mesmo que tensiona o campo das representações. Apesar deapontarem para mudanças associadas a liberdades e a direitos, as novidades da imprensa — influenciadas por contextos internacionais e locais, e contestadas por práticas cotidianas que reivindicavam a dissidência de sexo/gênero — também apresentam uma contrarresposta conservadora que reinstaura velhos fantasmas e preconceitos. Portanto, essa não é uma história linear e progressiva que começa em um passado sombrio de violência e negação e avança em direção à conquista de direitos, mas sim que reflete diversas continuidades e simultaneidades na representação da homossexualidade.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Résumé : Une étrange dissonance encercle et prescrit tout le XIXe siècle dans ce que Walter Benjamin a appelé le « temps de l’enfer ». La résonance assourdie de cette Saison en enfer (Rimbaud), par ...sa scansion, préfigure la hantise de l’étrangeté permanente dans l’écriture de Paul Verlaine et de Guy de Maupassant. L’obsolescence des valeurs, l’expérience de l’échec et/ou la dissolution dans le vide total valorisent un type de nouvel absurde : la question de l’évidement et sa suppléance dans une littérature qui s’impossibilise à persévérer dans un univers stable et ordonné. La pliure blanchotienne, ramenée à sa question testamentaire, identifie l’interrogation sur la « mort » comme l’unique question qui neutralise toutes les autres questions et qui menace de détruire la littérature.
The purpose of the article is to carry out a historical and political reconstruction of sexual dissidence in student spaces through an exploratory review of testimonies and scattered memories ...produced by organizations, groups and active in Chile during the period of mayor student revolts between 2008 and 2018 in. Conceptually, it seeks to present a notion of sexual dissent that is not only distinct from the politics of sexual diversity by the official organizations of the LGTBI+ movement, but also allows for the elaboration of a new perspective to understand queerness/cuirness and its relationship with the process of social mobilization in the country from a Latin American perspective. The originality of the study consists in queerizing the recent history of the Chilean student movement through a periodization of counter-hegemonic actions, specifically performances, assemblies and occupations. It is concluded that the practices of sexual dissent and activism understand social movements as a direct political result of encounters and interaction between bodies and affections and whose street performativity questions the forms of heteropatriarchal political action in the context of neoliberalism in Chile.
El presente artículo tiene como objetivo estudiar las acciones desarrolladas por el Movimiento de Liberación Homosexual Colombiano (en adelante MLHC) frente al proceso de despenalización de los actos ...homosexuales en Colombia a finales de la década de los setenta del siglo XX. Usando la amplia documentación dejada por el MLHC esta investigación retará al supuesto historiográfico de la ausencia de activismo homosexual en el proceso de despenalización. Se demuestra como el MLHC trabajó con propuestas tanto teóricas como prácticas que se enfrentaban a la penalización, al mismo tiempo que se enfatiza la distinción entre penalización y criminalización. Esta distinción resulta clave para entender cómo la persecución a la disidencia sexual y de género operó legal y paralegalmente. Se ofrece además una posible ruta de trabajo a seguir para establecer una nueva perspectiva del análisis de la criminalización, enmarcada en el estudio de la historia del establecimiento de la heteronorma en Colombia.
À partir de l’examen des modalités d’émergence de certaines figures issues des panthéons héroïques dominicain et haïtien dans la littérature (Enriquillo, Anacaona et le Marron inconnu), et en ...replaçant l’étude dans le cadre d’une réflexion plus globale autour de la notion de héros culturel, on formulera des pistes d’analyses du phénomène d’éthnicisation de l’identité nationale que révèle l’instrumentalisation politique des héros nationaux de ces deux nations caribéennes, et du rôle joué par l’art dans la (dé)construction de ces représentations.
This article reads the work of a publicly engaged poet from Nepal, Manjul, to explore how revolutions age along with humans and nations. His recent work is juxtaposed against his earlier political ...activism leading a radical movement ‘Ralpha’ which had spearheaded literary activism against the Panchayati dictatorship. Earlier known for his subversive lifestyle and rebellious literary repertoire, Manjul later turned self-reflective, not only pondering on the ironies of everyday living and the poetics of dissidence but also inching towards a more humanised outlook on the ideals of the nation and the state. Clearly, there are paradoxes in the way the intimate and the public, the accordant and the disruptive, and the conformist and the subversive are played off against one another by those in power. In a poetic tribute dedicated to his forebearer poet Siddhicharan, Manjul contemplates how political slogans may inspire and even serve as cornerstones for certain strands of poetry. However, he emphasises how these slogans are only one of the many dimensions of society and nation. The flame of revolutionary spirit still burns within Manjul even in his advanced years. Yet, it seamlessly blends into the broader tapestry of life embracing the sanctity of thought, expression and action. The article situates this corpus within the anthropological debates on the epistemologies of writing culture.
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