For open systems derived from quadratic total Hamiltonians, we derive a dynamic fluctuationadissipation (FD) inequality valid for any total initial state and without regard to the sign of the ...dissipation. With the added constraint that this state be factorized with the reservoir in thermal equilibrium, an uncertainty relation arises naturally from the FD inequality that can be stronger than the usual uncertainty principle in the form aq2aap2aaCO34a2/4aq2aap2aaCO34a2/4. We discuss some of the properties of the uncertainty relation relevant to decoherence.
SUMMARY Copositive linear Lyapunov functions are used along with dissipativity theory for stability analysis and control of uncertain linear positive systems. Unlike usual results on linear systems, ...linear supply rates are employed here for robustness and performance analysis using L sub(1)-gain and L sub(infin)-gain. Robust stability analysis is performed using integral linear constraints for which several classes of uncertainties are discussed. The approach is then extended to robust stabilization and performance optimization. The obtained results are expressed in terms of robust linear programming problems that are equivalently turned into finite dimensional ones using Handelman's theorem. Several examples are provided for illustration. Copyright copy 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
For any α < 1/3, we construct weak solutions to the 3D incompressible Euler equations in the class
CtCx
α
that have nonempty, compact support in time on R × T3 and therefore fail to conserve the ...total kinetic
energy. This result, together with the proof of energy conservation for α < 1/3 due to Eyink and Constantin, E, Titi, solves Onsager's conjecture that the
exponent α = 1/3 marks the threshold for conservation of energy for weak solutions in the class
Lt
∞Cx
α. The previous best results were solutions in the class
CtCx
α
for α < 1/5, due to Isett, and in the class
Lt
1
Cx
α
for α < 1/3 due to Buckmaster, De Lellis, Székelyhidi, both based
on the method of convex integration developed for the incompressible Euler equations by De Lellis, Székelyhidi. The present proof combines the method of convex integration and a
new “Gluing Approximation” technique. The convex integration part of the proof relies on the “Mikado flows” introduced by Daneri, Székelyhidi and the framework of estimates
developed in the author's previous work.
The Front Cover illustrates the process of closing the gap between the gas phase and the condensed phase. Aggregation effects, the influence of solvent molecules (and counter ions), and differences ...in energy dissipation cause different product distributions in the two environments. The present work describes efforts towards an understanding of the underlying principles, and the concept of pseudo‐gas‐phase conditions constitutes a valuable framework also for the transfer of reactivity. More information can be found in the Research Article by B. Butschke and co‐workers.
Penthiopyrad (PEN) is a novel fungicide as succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) with chiral characteristics, and it is crucial to investigate its enantioselective residue behavior given its ...extensive application. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluated the storage stability, deposition, dissipation, accumulation, and dietary risk associated with PEN enantiomers and its metabolite 1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (PAM) in apple and strawberry. Two enantiomers of PEN accumulated primarily on leaves after spraying, whose concentrations were much higher than those observed in the apple and strawberry fruits, respectively. S-(+)-PEN was found to be preferentially degraded in apples (EF: 0.5113–0.5925), resulting in a relative enrichment of its antipode. Multiple sprays of PEN led to the accumulation of both of its enantiomers, with average residue accumulation value (RAaverage) of 1:2.06:1.11 for the R-(−)-PEN and 1:2.06:1.09 for the S-(+)-PEN in strawberries, respectively. The terminal residues of PAM were lower than the limit of quantification (LOQ), and that of total PEN in both fruits were below the maximum residue limit (MRL) established by China. Furthermore, the acute risk quotient (RQa) of target pesticide in apples were 0.821 %–2.105 %. The investigation provided a theoretical foundation and scientific guidance for applying PEN at the enantiomeric level in fruits.
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•The penthiopyrad (PEN) enantiomers are mainly distributed on leaves 2 h after foliar spraying.•PEN exhibits enantioselective degradation in apples with S-(+)-PEN preferential degradation.•Repeated spraying of PEN could lead to residual accumulation in strawberries.•The acute dietary exposure risk quotient of PEN in apples was comparably acceptable.
We prepared poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/carbon/Ni-chain composites by dispersing Ni chains, and either carbon nanotubes (CNTs) or graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) into a PVDF solution. The ...electrical conductivity and the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding properties of the PVDF/CNT/Ni-chain and the PVDF/GNP/Ni-chain composites were increased by increasing the Ni-chain filler content. The electrical conductivity of the PVDF/CNT/10 wt%Ni-chain composite was lower than the PVDF/CNT/6 wt%Ni-chain composite. We attributed this abnormality to the Ni chains having blocked the CNT connections, when there was a high Ni-chain content. Furthermore, the PVDF-based composites' EMI shielding properties were effectively tuned by controlling the films' thicknesses. The total shielding of the PVDF/CNT/6 wt%Ni-chain and the PVDF/GNP/8 wt%Ni-chain composite films increased from 23.6 to 57.3 dB and from 22.7 to 55.8 dB, as their thicknesses were increased from 0.3 mm to 0.6 mm, respectively. The synergetic relationship between the Ni chains and the carbon materials (CNT or GNP), meant that the main EMI shielding mechanisms of the PVDF/carbon/Ni-chain composites had resulted from the absorption process. Moreover, these composites possessed high thermal conductivity, which can convert microwave energy into Joule heating systems. Thus, these PVDF-based composite films can be used to make high-efficiency EMI shielding devices that can rapidly dissipate heat.
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