The article aims at disclosing stylistic aspects of the domestication strategy representation and establishing correlations between domestication translation strategy and ways of English-Ukrainian ...translation of lexical and phraseological units in American university discourse based on the novel The Secret History by Donna Tartt and its Ukrainian translation by Bohdan Stasiuk. A comparative, stylistic, contextual and translation analyses of the source and target texts were employed. The research argues that in order to minimise the number of foreign elements in the target text, to make it more comprehensible for the reader the notion of domestication is applied in the translation. The study singles out six groups of lexical and phraseological units in the ST domesticated in the Ukrainian translation (idioms, phrasal verbs, colloquial vocabulary (slang and vulgarisms), interjections, proper nouns and stylistically neutral vocabulary) and means of their domestication in the TT (translation by means of stylistic equivalents, stylistic translation transformations of expressivation and logisation). According to the obtained results, the prevailing ways of representation of domestication strategy in the Ukrainian translation of American university discourse are translation by means of stylistic equivalents predominantly used for reproducing ST idioms, phrasal verbs, interjection, colloquial vocabulary and domesticated proper nouns; stylistic translation transformation of expressivation (applied to stylistically neutral ST vocabulary) and logisation (several phraseological units).
Domestication of Telecentres by Malawian Rural Women Chigona, Wallace; Kapondera, Sellina Khumbo
International journal of information communication technologies and human development,
01/2018, Letnik:
10, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The potential of telecentres to bridge the digital divide can only be realised when their services are appropriated by all groups in the community. Previous studies show that in Malawi only a few ...women use telecentres. This article used Domestication Theory to explain the processes through which women in rural Malawi encounter technologies, deal with them and integrate them into their lives. Data was obtained via interviews with women (both users and non-users) and a Telecentre Manager. The study shows that: i) commodification was influenced mainly by word of mouth; ii) the women who appropriated the Telecentre used it for instrumental and hedonic purposes; iii) the appropriation was influenced by convenience, compatibility with the needs of women and perceived usefulness of the Telecentre; and iv) non-use was due to lack of awareness, illiteracy, limited financial resources, cultural roles and perceptions about the telecentres. The findings could help policymakers in maximising use of telecentres among women.
•We introduce the concept of crucial ‘domestication syndrome’ (DS) traits.•Crucial DS traits are part of the features distinguishing crops from wild forms.•The crucial DS concept improves ...understanding of prehistoric domestication episodes.•Using the crucial DS concept may enhance future crop improvement capacity.
‘Domestication syndrome’ (DS) denotes differences between domesticated plants and their wild progenitors. Crop plants are dynamic entities; hence, not all parameters distinguishing wild progenitors from cultigens resulted from domestication. In this opinion article, we refine the DS concept using agronomic, genetic, and archaeobotanical considerations by distinguishing crucial domestication traits from traits that probably evolved post-domestication in Near Eastern grain crops. We propose that only traits showing a clear domesticated–wild dimorphism represent the pristine domestication episode, whereas traits showing a phenotypic continuum between wild and domesticated gene pools mostly reflect post-domestication diversification. We propose that our approach may apply to other crop types and examine its implications for discussing the timeframe of plant domestication and for modern plant science and breeding.
(2001): The earliest archaeological maize (Zea mays L.) from highland Mexico: New accelerator mass spectrometry dates and their implications. (1999): Analysis of the genus Zea (Poaceae) using ...polymorphic chloroplast simple sequence repeats. American Journal_of_Botany 98:1537-1548. http://xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/22176678/1323701150/name/SanchezEtAl201 1 3newTeosintes.pdf recuperado 6 abr 2015 Sánchez G., J. J., M. M. Goodman, R. McK. Maydica 51:25-42. http://www.maydica.org/articles/51 025.pdf recuperado 6 abr 2015 Sánchez G., J. J., M. M. Goodman and C. W. Stuber (2007): Racial diversity of maize in Brazil and adjacent areas. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A. 108:1088-1092. (online) Wilkes, H. G. (1967): Teosinte: the Closest Relative of Maize.
Domestication of plants and animals is the major factor underlying human civilization and is a gigantic evolutionary experiment of adaptation and speciation, generating incipient species. Wheat is ...one of the most important grain crops in the world, and consists mainly of two types: the hexaploid bread wheat (
Triticum aestivum
) accounting for about 95% of world wheat production, and the tetraploid durum wheat (
T. durum
) accounting for the other 5%. In this review, we summarize and discuss research on wheat domestication, mainly focusing on recent findings in genetics and genomics studies.
T. aestivum
originated from a cross between domesticated emmer wheat
T. dicoccum
and the goat grass
Aegilops tauschii
, most probably in the south and west of the Caspian Sea about 9,000 years ago. Wild emmer wheat has the same genome formula as durum wheat and has contributed two genomes to bread wheat, and is central to wheat domestication. Domestication has genetically not only transformed the brittle rachis, tenacious glume and non-free threshability, but also modified yield and yield components in wheat. Wheat domestication involves a limited number of chromosome regions, or domestication syndrome factors, though many relevant quantitative trait loci have been detected. On completion of the genome sequencing of diploid wild wheat (
T. urartu
or
Ae. tauschii
), domestication syndrome factors and other relevant genes could be isolated, and effects of wheat domestication could be determined. The achievements of domestication genetics and robust research programs in Triticeae genomics are of greatly help in conservation and exploitation of wheat germplasm and genetic improvement of wheat cultivars.
Based on claims that dogs are less aggressive and show more sophisticated socio-cognitive skills compared with wolves, dog domestication has been invoked to support the idea that humans underwent a ...similar ‘self-domestication’ process. Here, we review studies on wolf–dog differences and conclude that results do not support such claims: dogs do not show increased socio-cognitive skills and they are not less aggressive than wolves. Rather, compared with wolves, dogs seek to avoid conflicts, specifically with higher ranking conspecifics and humans, and might have an increased inclination to follow rules, making them amenable social partners. These conclusions challenge the suitability of dog domestication as a model for human social evolution and suggest that dogs need to be acknowledged as animals adapted to a specific socio-ecological niche as well as being shaped by human selection for specific traits.
Domestication is thought to alter the temperament of a species, making it less fearful and aggressive and more social, thereby promoting their sociocognitive abilities. Some authors suggest that humans are ‘domesticated’ apes.The wolf–dog comparison has been used to support the idea of the human self-domestication hypothesis, but more recent results are not in line with this claim.Genetic and behavioral studies of free-ranging, pet, and captive pack-living dogs, as well as different subspecies of wolves, can further our understanding of the dog domestication process.Current dog domestication hypotheses focus on explaining specific dog–human interactions rather than trying to understand dogs as a social species.Dog domestication is best understood as an adaptation to a new, human-dominated niche, which included selective pressures by humans.
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