In many organizations, e-mail is an effective and dominant workplace application tool; however, research identifying its role as a potential workplace stressor remains limited. Utilizing the ...Transactional Model of Stress (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984), 215 full-time administrative and academic staff at a university were surveyed about workplace e-mail. The aim was to study the effects of potential e-mail stressors on emotional exhaustion as mediated and moderated by person and situation variables. Results indicated that 2 distinct e-mail stressors-high quantity and poor quality (in terms of high emotionality and ambiguity) of workplace e-mail-were associated both with stress appraisals (e-mail overload and e-mail uncertainty) and with emotional exhaustion. Furthermore, the effects of the 2 e-mail stressors on emotional exhaustion were mediated by appraised e-mail overload. Perceived normative response pressure-a relevant aspect of the specific work environment-added to the explanation of emotional exhaustion and accentuated the positive effect of e-mail ambiguity on emotional exhaustion, although effects involving normative response pressure were not explained by the stress appraisals.
The advent of computer technology has set off an information explosion that has changed civilization and indeed the entire workforce of today’s world. These changes presage a new context in which ...architecture schools must function. Traditionally, architectural education is basically between a group of persons; the teacher and the learner(s) in a defined classroom space. This mode of knowledge delivery makes the students to adopt a passive position (based on just listening to the teacher). This prevents the diversity of ideas, promotes repetitive learning and kills creativity. Virtual education on the other hand refers to instruction in a learning environment where teacher and student are separated by time or space, or both. In this knowledge delivery mode, students’ take responsibility of their learning process in an active way. Multimedia tools, electronic media like a discussion forum, chat room, voice mail, and e-mail are employed for communication. The benefits inherent in this type of learning process include sharing of resources and learning environment, promotion of collaborative learning, effective education delivery and educational programme enhancement. In this paper, the concept “virtual architectural education” is considered together with the inherent benefits for the architecture schools and profession.
At the title implies the article describes the problems associated with the use of distance education for learning a foreign language. It is shown that distance learning can provide additional ...opportunities for students to obtain new knowledge and skills, and teachers to offer new forms and methods of training. In the article deals with the problems associated with the use of distance education for learning a foreign language. The paper showns that distance learning can provide additional opportunities for students to acquire new knowledge and skills, and we provide teachers to use new forms and methods of teaching. The use of modern information technologies in the process of training and retraining specialists is a very effective tool for solving various methodological and practical problems. The dynamics of the information-technological learning process, its multidimensionality and complexity requires the use of joint activities of specialists from various fields of knowledge in the development of educational materials intended for distance learning. In the process of interactive learning, you can use chats, correspondence on social networks and e-mail with a high degree of efficiency. It is also important that teachers can check student work online.
•A LinearSVM model was able to extract e-mail sentiment with a mean AUC of 0.896.•The model could also predict sentiment for e-mail responses with a mean AUC of 0.805.•The results suggests ...possibilities for improved customer support mangement processes.
Customer support is important to corporate operations, which involves dealing with disgruntled customer and content customers that can have different requirements. As such, it is important to quickly extract the sentiment of support errands. In this study we investigate sentiment analysis in customer support for a large Swedish Telecom corporation. The data set consists of 168,010 e-mails divided into 69,900 conversation threads without any sentiment information available. Therefore, VADER sentiment is used together with a Swedish sentiment lexicon in order to provide initial labeling of the e-mails. The e-mail content and sentiment labels are then used to train two Support Vector Machine models in extracting/classifying the sentiment of e-mails. Further, the ability to predict sentiment of not-yet-seen e-mail responses is investigated. Experimental results show that the LinearSVM model was able to extract sentiment with a mean F1-score of 0.834 and mean AUC of 0.896. Moreover, the LinearSVM algorithm was also able to predict the sentiment of an e-mail one step ahead in the thread (based on the text in the an already sent e-mail) with a mean F1-score of 0.688 and the mean AUC of 0.805. The results indicate a predictable pattern in e-mail conversation that enables predicting the sentiment of a not-yet-seen e-mail. This can be used e.g. to prepare particular actions for customers that are likely to have a negative response. It can also provide feedback on possible sentiment reactions to customer support e-mails.
Online marketing is an integral part of e-commerce nowadays and includes many different ways of company's presentation, such as e-mail marketing, content marketing, social media, affiliate marketing ...and so on. The aim of the article is to highlight the importance of e-mail marketing due to the fact, it is considered as one of the most effective communication tools. The part of the article are also fundamental metrics used in e-mail marketing such as delivery rate, open rate and click through rate. In the end of the article are recommendations and suggestions for creating of successful e-mail. The eyetracking technology was also used to analyze the gaze of Internet users at mailbox.
It is highly important to protect the society's sensitive personal data. The reason is that many personal data are published by the government institution without paying attention to the prevailing ...regulations. In this current study, the search for the data in the form of hyperlink with its contents in the legitimate site of the General Election Committees was conducted with the assistance of Crawling Web. The obtained contents were preprocessed using the Preprocessing Text, which were then weighted using the TF-IDF method before they were classified using the Naїve Bayes method. After that, an analysis on the types of the published sensitive personal and the extent of the publication based on the area groups was conducted. Out of 6,700 instances of the personal data which were analyzed, 6.430 were published. The personal data which were published were full name, place and date of birth, religion, marital status, ID Number of the government civil servants, identity card number, number of the tax payer, account number, mobile number, e-mail, address, position, and face photo. The level of publication based on the total data found was as follows: 11.45% in the Central General Election Committee, 21.60% in the eastern area, 17.01% in the central area and 49.94% in the eastern area. The accuracy of the Naїve Bayes method averaged 96.99%. Prior to publication, the General Election Committee is recommended to respect someone's personal data as privacy and the data which would be published should obtain approval and an easily-contacted contact person.
While many employees read and respond to work‐related e‐mails in the evenings after work, the mechanisms through which after‐hours e‐mailing influences well‐being remain poorly understood. In ...particular, there has been limited consideration of whether different characteristics of after‐hours e‐mails (frequency, duration, perceived tone) may trigger work‐related rumination that influences employee well‐being at bedtime (i.e., the end of the post‐work period). To address this gap in the literature, data were collected from 59 employees during a 5‐day daily survey period. We expected after‐hours e‐mail frequency, duration, and perceived tone to indirectly relate to employee vigour and fatigue at bedtime (two common well‐being criteria) via affective rumination and problem‐solving pondering (two major forms of work‐related rumination). Our results indicated that a more negatively perceived after‐hours e‐mail tone influenced both vigour and fatigue via affective rumination. Further, our findings suggested diverging implications of after‐hours e‐mailing frequency and duration for problem‐solving pondering, with longer duration and more frequent after‐hours e‐mailing co‐varying with higher and lower levels of this form of rumination, respectively. These findings demonstrate the importance of considering various characteristics of after‐hours e‐mailing and corresponding implications of work‐related rumination when studying employee well‐being.
The purpose of the article is to identify the theoretical foundations of the implementation of E-Mail projects in the process of teaching foreign languages; to analyze the results of implemented ...E-Mail projects; to encourage the implementation of similar projects in order to create conditions for intercultural interaction of students, to determine the role of partner teachers organizing international E-Mail projects. Statistical processing and visualization of data was carried out using the automatic calculation of the Student's t-test and the Microsoft Office 2019 package. The survey was conducted among 85 secondary school students aged 12 to 15 years who study German as a second foreign language; 25 coordinators of international E-Mail projects – teachers of German, undergraduates and students of the Department of German Philology of the Institute of Philology, Journalism and Intercultural Communication of the Southern Federal University. The conducted testing revealed positive aspects of the introduction of international E-Mail projects in the process of teaching.
Gesture, voice, expression, and context add richness to communications that increase chances of accurate interpretation. E‐mails lack much of this richness, leading readers to impose their own ...richness. Three experiments tested the effect of communicator relationship and availability of context on e‐mail writer and reader confidence levels and accuracy. Effects of nonverbal and verbal behavior were also investigated. Results showed that confidence levels for both writers and readers were high, yet somewhat unwarranted based on accuracy rates. Further, writers had more confidence that friends would correctly interpret e‐mails than strangers, although friends showed no more accuracy. Findings suggest that reliance upon friendship and context, as well as verbal and nonverbal cues, to interpret emotion in e‐mail is ineffective, sometimes detrimental.
TimeToFocus Borghouts, Judith; Brumby, Duncan P.; Cox, Anna L.
ACM transactions on computer-human interaction,
10/2020, Letnik:
27, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Many computer tasks involve looking up information from different sources, and these self-interruptions can be disruptive. In this article, we investigate whether giving people feedback on how long ...they are away from their task influences their self-interruption behaviour. We conducted a contextual inquiry on self-interruption behaviour in an office workplace. Participants were observed to postpone physical interruptions until a convenient moment in the task if they were expected to take time. In contrast, observations revealed that digital interruptions were addressed immediately; participants reported these were presumed to be quick to deal with. To increase awareness of time spent on digital interruptions, we developed TimeToFocus, a notification tool showing people the duration of their interruptions while working on a task. A field study deployment of TimeToFocus in an office workplace found that feedback on the duration of interruptions made participants reflect on what they were doing during interruptions. They reported that they used this insight to avoid task-irrelevant activities. To confirm whether participants’ perceptions of the benefit of the tool could be measured, we conducted an online experiment, where participants had to retrieve information from an email sent to their personal email addresses and enter it into a spreadsheet. Participants who used our tool made shorter interruptions, completed the spreadsheet task faster and made fewer data entry errors. We conclude that feedback on the length of interruptions can assist users in focusing on their primary task and thus improve productivity.
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