Tax compliance is an important challenge in weakly institutionalized countries, especially when fiscal capacity is limited. E-government platforms, which have become popular in recent years, provide ...governments with more and better taxpayer information, allowing new forms of communication with citizens. In particular, social media targeted advertising may be used by tax authorities to increase tax compliance. We performed a randomized field experiment in the capital of Venezuela, Caracas, to determine whether targeted Facebook ads help the local government reduce tax delinquency. Our design allows us to test for complementarities between ads and email reminders, which may boost the capacity of the tax authority to increase compliance. We find that these online strategies are cost-effective methods for increasing tax revenues but that the effects vary across different types of taxpayers, especially concerning the combined email and Facebook treatment.
Sentiment analysis is a widely researched area due to its various applications in customer services, brand monitoring, and market research. Automatic sentiment classification is an important but ...challenging task. Contrary to the English language, sentiment analysis for low-resource languages like Urdu is an under-explored research area. Most of the work on sentiment analysis in the Urdu language is domain-dependent where models are mostly trained and tested on the same dataset on limited domains. However, sentiments in different domains are expressed differently, and manually annotating the datasets for all possible domains is unfeasible. Training a sentiment classifier using annotated data on one domain and testing it on another domain results in poor performance as the terms appearing in the source domain (training data) might not appear in the target (testing data) domain. In this paper, we present a baseline method for cross-domain sentiment analysis in the Urdu language using two different domains. Feature extraction is performed using n-grams and word embedding techniques. Sentiment classification is performed using machine learning and deep learning classifiers. The proposed method achieves an accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 scores of 0.77, 0.83, 0.68, and 0.75, respectively.
Parent-teacher communication continues to evolve due to smartphones and other new communication technologies. In all, 1,349 parents completed the Parental Academic Support Scale to assess the ...frequency and importance of communication across modes. Confirmatory analysis revealed a good model fit. Media richness theory was applied to parents' qualitative and quantitative responses to understand the communication modes parents now select to communicate with teachers at the P-12 level. The data revealed an increase in parents' preference for frequent e-mail communication as well as for emerging modes of parent-teacher communication such as text messaging and social media. Implications for media richness theory and changes to parent-teacher communication are discussed.
Research performed on maritime cabotage in a worldwide context shows that 1) few countries have adopted either pure protectionist or liberalised cabotage policies while 2) most countries have ...favoured protectionist cabotage policies with different degrees of freedom. The same research also identified 1) a set of reasons influencing policymakers when choosing one policy in detriment of the other and 2) the corresponding policy instruments. This paper extends the research previously carried out; through an email survey questionnaire sent to researchers worldwide, it investigates, which of the listed reasons and policy instruments contribute to implementing either liberalised or protectionist cabotage policies. The outcome indicates that more than half of the respondents favour cabotage liberalisation, as opposed to the current status quo and reveals that the initial list of protectionist and liberalised reasons and policy instruments must be aggregated differently. No outstanding reasons or policy instruments, leading countries to adopt either protectionist or liberalised cabotage policies, have been identified.
Little is known about research misconduct within industry and how it compares to universities, even though a lot of biomedical research is performed by–or in collaboration with–commercial entities. ...Therefore, we sent an e-mail invitation to participate in an anonymous computer-based survey to all university researchers having received a biomedical research grant or scholarship from one of the two national academic research funders of Belgium between 2010 and 2014, and to researchers working in large biomedical companies or spin-offs in Belgium. The validated survey included questions about various types of research misconduct committed by respondents themselves and observed among their colleagues in the last three years. Prevalences of misconduct were compared between university and industry respondents using binary logistic regression models, with adjustments for relevant personal characteristics, and with significance being accepted for
p
< 0.01. The survey was sent to 1766 people within universities and an estimated 255 people from industry. Response rates were 43 (767/1766) and 48% (123/255), and usable information was available for 617 and 100 respondents, respectively. In general, research misconduct was less likely to be reported by industry respondents compared to university respondents. Significant differences were apparent for one admitted action (gift authorship) and three observed actions (plagiarism, gift authorship, and circumventing animal-subjects research requirements), always with lower prevalences for industry compared to universities, except for plagiarism. This survey, based on anonymous self-report, shows that research misconduct occurs to a substantial degree among biomedical researchers from both industry and universities.
This study examines e-mail excuses sent by undergraduate university students to professors. First an initial corpus of 200 messages is analyzed according to the type of infraction, the nature of the ...excuse and the different strategies used. Secondly, a small group of ten professors was asked to evaluate a random sample of 50 messages on an effectiveness scale of 1–5 and explain their ratings. The metadiscursive comments (n=500) were coded and quantified in order to determine a ranking of the factors influencing the professors’ reactions. Overall, the body of messages received an average numerical rating of 2.7, between “ineffective” and “neutral”. While aspects related to the legitimacy of the excuse motive and an informal writing style were shown to impact faculty perceptions, the findings in this study reveal another area of primary concern for professors, the expectation for students to be responsible, proactive and self-directed individuals when dealing with the consequences of their transgression. This Responsibility category was found to be the most influential factor affecting both positive and negative evaluations of the excuses, followed by issues concerning Motive, and to a much lesser extent, Style and Timing. One broader implication is that the deficiencies identified in students’ e-mail excuses imply areas for improvement in their soft skills development overall.
La participación ciudadana en los asuntos públicos ha encontrado un nuevo campo de expansión en las tecnologías de la información, favoreciendo la implicación política de las personas. El presente ...trabajo analiza la comunicación entre ciudadanos y eurodiputados españoles a través del correo electrónico. Para ello, el investigador ha dirigido un grupo de individuos que, durante tres oleadas, se han comunicado con los europarlamentarios a través de esta vía. Junto con el análisis cuantitativo se ha realizado un análisis de contenido para evaluar la calidad de las respuestas. Las conclusiones señalan bajos porcentajes de respuesta en el uso que los eurodiputados hacen de esta herramienta. No obstante, aquellos que responden muestran un elevado interés en resolver la cuestión planteada por su interlocutor.
Research background:
The priorities of informatization cover a wide range of areas that need to be constantly addressed in the business sphere in the period of globalization. Optimization and ...automation of public administration processes together with the priority of categorization of services according to life situations ensures a qualitative change in the provision of public administration services. The paper deals with the influence of strategic management on the development of the Integrated Service Point to support the competitiveness of the national postal operator as a strategic partner of e-Government in the conditions of globalization.
Purpose of the article:
It is the implementation of primary research, which is focused on finding out the impact of strategic management on the development of ISP. The research is focused on potential new services that would be welcomed by customers - citizens of the Žilina self-governing region at the ISP workplace operated by Slovak Post. As part of the development of strategic management at Slovak Post, the acceptance of new services at the ISP workplace may lead to higher customer satisfaction and the acquisition of new potential customers and thus to the promotion of competitiveness in the conditions of globalization.
Methods:
The article uses methods such as excerpting, analysis of the current state, statistical methods, primary research, induction, deduction, etc.
Findings & Value added:
The output of the research is the creation of a proposal for a technological process that customers would welcome as a new ISP service of Slovak Post to support competitiveness in the development of e-Government in the conditions of globalization.
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