Utilization of Antenatal Care (ANC) is very low in Nigeria. Self-reported patient satisfaction may be useful to identify provider- and facility-specific factors that can be improved to increase ANC ...satisfaction and utilization.
Exit interview data collected from ANC users and facility assessment survey data from 534 systematically selected facilities in four northern Nigerian states were used. Associations between patient satisfaction (satisfied, not-satisfied) and patient ratings of the provider's interactions, care processes, out-of-pocket costs, and quality of facility infrastructure were studied.
Of 1336 mothers, 90% were satisfied with ANC. Patient satisfaction was positively associated with responsive service (prompt, unrushed service, convenient clinic hours and privacy during consultation, AOR 2.42, 95% CI 2.05-2.87), treatment-facilitation (medical care-related provider communication and ease of receiving medicines, AOR 2.03, 95% CI 1.46-2.80), equipment availability (AOR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01-1.21), staff empathy (AOR 1.82, 95% CI 1.03-3.23), non-discriminatory treatment regardless of patient's socioeconomic status (AOR: 1.87, 95% CI 1.09-3.22), provider assurance (courtesy and patient's confidence in provider's competence, AOR 1.48, 95% CI 1.26-1.75), and number of clinical examinations received (AOR 1.28, 95% CI 1.10-1.50). ANC satisfaction was negatively impacted by out-of-pocket payment for care (vs. free care, AOR 0.44, 95% CI 0.23-0.82).
ANC satisfaction in Nigeria may be enhanced by improving responsiveness to clients, clinical care quality, ensuring equipment availability, optimizing easy access to medicines, and expanding free ANC services.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This study theorizes and tests moderators (perceived availability of marijuana and age-group) of the association between adolescents’ frequency of marijuana ad exposure and past-year marijuana use. ...To test this model, I analyzed national survey data from 9,024 American adolescents with hierarchical regression techniques. Results showed that being a male (95% confidence interval CI for unstandardized regression coefficient 0.06, 0.16) and peer pressure (95% CI 0.04, 0.14) were positively associated with past-year marijuana use, and father education (95% CI −0.11, −0.06) was negatively associated with it. Perceived ease of access (95% CI 0.18, 0.22), ad exposure (95% CI 0.03, 0.14), and age (95% CI 0.16, 0.27) were positively associated with past-year marijuana use. Importantly, the associations of perceived ease of access and age with past-year marijuana use were significantly larger than that of ad exposure. Age (95% CI 0.00, 0.15) and perceived ease of access (95% CI 0.01, 0.07) independently strengthened the ad exposure to use association. There was a significant three-way interaction (95% CI 0.01, 0.12) showing that age increases the positive influence of perceived ease of access on the marijuana ad exposure to past-year marijuana use association. An exploratory analysis further revealed that male adolescents are more strongly influenced by perceived ease of access compared to females. Based on the findings, I suggest that approaches for reducing perceived marijuana availability and for implementing age-specific interventions are promising avenues for prevention programs aimed at decreasing marijuana use in adolescents.
This paper examines the factors accountable for users’ tendency to use the free web resources for achievingtheir academic goals and also the reasons that prevented the users from using the credible ...sources of the libraryfor their academic needs. Further, this study also attempted to ascertain whether user category has any influenceon the factors which boost the use of web for academic purpose. A questionnaire- based survey was conductedfor five universities of Chandigarh, Haryana and Punjab including post graduate students, research scholars andfaculty members. The findings showed that a majority of respondents from three categories chose the web becauseof the speedy retrieval of information, ease of access, no need for any advanced search skills to search on internetand further it saved their time when compared with the online e-resources subscribed by the library. Most of themfound it difficult to physically visit the library. They were not familiar with which e-resources were available onsubscribed databases or on the web. About half of users stated that no updation was made on the library websiteabout newly subscribed e-resources. Discontinued e-resources were not removed from library website when userssearched them for information and found nothing. The paper recommends that user education programmes shouldbe conducted and the interface of the library should be made user friendly so as to encourage the users to useauthentic information from the e-resources subscribed by the library for academic purpose.
BACKGROUNDYouth drug use has reached global epidemic proportions with unequal distribution among communities with low income, immigrants, or ethnic status.PURPOSEThis study seeks to understand the ...association between micro-level factors and youth drug use behavior among 2693 low-income, ethnic, and immigrant youths in Pomona, CA, USA. The study uneath's unique evidence and intervention elements necessary to resolve youth drug use in Pomona.METHODSWe used social cognitive theory as a conceptual framework, and performed correlation and multiple linear regression analysis in a cross-sectional design.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONThe results reveal that attitudes, perceptions, and behavior related to friends, participants, family, and adults in the participant's life and ease of access to drugs are associated with youth drug use. Variables related to friends and participants show a relatively stronger association with youth drug use in comparison to variables related to parents and adults in participants' lives. Equally, drug and non-drug antisocial behavior of friends and participants show a stronger association with youth drug use relative to prosocial behavior. Also, when a diverse set of predictor variables are combined together, their association to the outcome variable is stronger than that of a single variable.RECOMMENDATIONSFuture interventions in Pomona should prioritize strategies which target participants and friends over activities targeting parents and adults. Interventions targeting antisocial behavior should be prioritized over prosocial behavior. Program implementers should also develop unique evidence and tools which will help parents influence the drug use behavior of youths in Pomona and similar communities.
Abstract Objective To examine the relationship between ease of access to needed community-based services (ease of access) and educational services receipt, and variation in educational services ...receipt by sociodemographic and need factors among a nationally representative sample of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), developmental delay (DD), and/or intellectual disability (ID). Methods Data from the 2009–2010 National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs were linked to the 2011 Survey of Pathways to Diagnosis and Services on a sample of 3502 US children aged 6 to 17 years with ASD, DD, and/or ID. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine associations of educational services receipt with ease of access and sociodemographic and need factors. Results Among children with developmental conditions, nearly half (49.7%) lacked easy access to services, and 16.9% did not have an individualized education program (IEP). Among children with an IEP, those with ease of access were more likely to have an IEP that addressed parent concerns about the child's development and education than those unable to easily access services (adjusted odds ratio 2.77; 95% confidence interval 1.71–4.49). Need factors, including functional limitations status, care coordination need, developmental condition type, and early intervention receipt, were significantly associated with educational services receipt. Conclusions Cross-systems initiatives facilitating service access remain important to ensuring the developmental needs of children with ASD, DD, and/or ID are met. Increased interprofessional collaboration promoting quality educational services receipt for children diagnosed with developmental conditions may further reduce disparities.
It is well known that safe delivery in a health facility reduces the risks of maternal and infant mortality resulting from perinatal complications. What is less understood are the factors associated ...with safe delivery practices. We investigate factors influencing health facility delivery practices while adjusting for multiple other factors simultaneously, spatial heterogeneity, and trends over time.
We fitted a logistic regression model to Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) data from Uganda in a framework that considered individual-level covariates, geographical features, and variations over five time points. We accounted for all two-covariate interactions and all three-covariate interactions for which two of the covariates already had a significant interaction, were able to quantify uncertainty in outputs using computationally intensive cluster bootstrap methods, and displayed outputs using a geographical information system. Finally, we investigated what information could be predicted about districts at future time-points, before the next LQAS survey is carried out. To do this, we applied the model to project a confidence interval for the district level coverage of health facility delivery at future time points, by using the lower and upper end values of known demographics to construct a confidence range for the prediction and define priority groups.
We show that ease of access, maternal age and education are strongly associated with delivery in a health facility; after accounting for this, there remains a significant trend towards greater uptake over time. We use this model together with known demographics to formulate a nascent early warning system that identifies candidate districts expected to have low prevalence of facility-based delivery in the immediate future.
Our results support the hypothesis that increased development, particularly related to education and access to health facilities, will act to increase facility-based deliveries, a factor associated with reducing perinatal associated mortality. We provide a statistical method for using inexpensive and routinely collected monitoring and evaluation data to answer complex epidemiology and public health questions in a resource-poor setting. We produced a model based on this data that explained the spatial distribution of facility-based delivery in Uganda. Finally, we used this model to make a prediction about the future priority of districts that was validated by monitoring and evaluation data collected in the next year.
Despite difficulties in using the Web, older adults are motivated to use it. This paper reports on work underway to ease Web access for this population. Although Web accessibility standards provide ...specifications that Web content providers must incorporate if their pages are to be accessible, these standards do not guarantee a good experience for all Web users. This paper will discuss user controls that make a number of dynamic adaptations to page presentation and input that can greatly increase the usability of Web pages for older users. The paper will discuss the authors' original work on the topic, lessons learned, and usage patterns. Current extensions to that work are also discussed.PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
This research paper examines the development and utilization of "The Community Game Development Toolkit," a virtual reality (VR) game development tool, for the creation of interactive art ...experiences. The primary objective of the toolkit is to enable artist, students, researchers, and a diverse set of peoples to design story- and game-based art presentations without requiring prior game development expertise. By incorporating VR technology into the toolkit, artists are empowered to construct immersive and interactive art encounters. This study employs a case study approach to explore the potential of VR game development as an artistic medium, focusing on how artists utilize the Toolkit to construct art presentations. The research findings presented in this paper aim to contribute to the progressive field of VR art by demonstrating the diverse possibilities for accessible artistic creation in the field of VR. Ultimately, the study aims to inspire artists and researchers to delve into the artistic potential of VR game development and foster continued advancements within the field.
Social messaging applications like WhatsApp, LINE and WeChat emerge as another option to the traditional sms. Social messaging applications are becoming popular and are within the reach of users for ...free. As a result there are lots of social messaging applications with variety of features available for its users. This research paper will be proposing a maturity model for measuring the maturity of these social messaging apps on the basis of features of these social messaging applications. The proposed maturity model will have five Key Process Areas (KPAs) to find the maturity among the specified apps. These KPAs are Response time, Ease of Access, Advance Features, Privacy and Publicity. KPAs will be based on some features of the social messaging application. On the basis of the responses from the user for the questionnaire design on the basis of KPAs would help to conclude with a maturity model for the social messaging apps.
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