Viet Nam in 2008 continued to display a broad dynamic picture of economic development, political and social stability, cultural vitality, and active diplomacy but experienced high inflation and a ...slowdown in economic growth. While anti-inflation policy brought some relief, high prices remained the largest challenge for social stability and economic development. Despite the setbacks, Viet Nam continued to do well in attracting increasing volumes of foreign tourists and direct investment.
Based on official PRC statistics and analytical data obtained from modern scientific and public research, it follows that the so-called Chinese economic miracle has ended. The rapid development of ...China was driven using cheap labor and the open-door policy for Western investment under the rules of basic market laws after Deng Xiaoping's 1977 reforms. All three factors have exhausted their resources. Further growth in living standards and education began to pose a danger to the Communist regime. Ignoring the laws of the free market economy, creating artificial plans for stimulating growth, repressing the entrepreneurs, sanctions pressure, an arms race, aggressive plans in the region and demographic changes inevitably lead to dangerous consequences - a slowdown in economic growth, debt load and capital outflow.
En este articulo se presentan modelos binarlos logit y probit para analizar el Impacto de la inflacion de los activos financieros (acciones, vivienda y credito) sobre la probabilidad de ...desaceleracion economica en Colombia, para el periodo 1990-2011. Se determina el plazo (corto o mediano) con el que cada variable financiera afecta al sector real de la economia y se hace una interpretacion del efecto que predomina en la variable al impactar la probabilidad de desaceleracion economica. Los resultados muestran que aumentos en el crecimiento del credito afectan la economia en el corto plazo de manera positiva y disminuyen la probabilidad de desaceleracion economica mediante un efecto riqueza. Los aumentos en los precios de la vivienda tienen un efecto riqueza inicial de corto plazo, pero en el mediano plazo tienen un efecto de sobrevaloracion de activos. La sobrevaloracion hipotecaria puede generar burbujas en los precios de la vivienda y desacelerar la economia en el mediano plazo. Se evidencia que la variable de vivienda es un adecuado indicador de alerta temprana para los ciclos economicos en Colombia.
Striving for better jobs Gatti, Roberta; Angel-Urdinola, Diego F; Silva, Joana ...
2014., 2014, 9-12-2014, 2014-08-26
eBook, Book
Odprti dostop
Economic growth has been sustained for many years pre-crisis in the region, but this has not resulted in the creation of an adequate number of jobs and has succeeded, at best, in generating ...low-quality, informal jobs. The report addresses one margin of exclusion: informal employment and the vulnerabilities and lack of opportunities associated with it. The report analyzes the constraints that prevent informal workers from becoming formal and discusses policy options to effectively address these constraints. This report looks at informality through a human development angle and focuses particularly on informal employment. Informality is a complex phenomenon, comprising unpaid workers and workers without social security or health insurance coverage, small or micro-firms that operate outside the regulatory framework and large registered firms that may partially evade corporate taxes and social security contributions. The first section provides a detailed profile of informal workers in the region. The second section describes the characteristics of informality in micro-firms that operate outside the regulatory framework and in larger firms that do not fully comply with social security contribution requirements and tax obligations. The third section presents informality and the firm. The fourth section focuses on informality: choice or exclusion? The fifth section discusses policy options for effectively expanding coverage of health insurance and pension systems and promoting the creation of better quality jobs.
The reforms of the 90s in Russia aimed at transferring the economy to a market economy were carried out hastily, without considering national, geographical, and historical specifics. Nihilism in the ...economic, political, and legal spheres of society allowed the transfer of lucrative raw material industries into the hands of the oligarchs. Unprofitable industries fell into decline, which caused structural distortions in the economy. Thousands of cities and towns have disappeared, causing suffering for the people. In the 2000s, there was the centralization of power and rejection of reforms, the oligarchy merged with the state into financial and industrial groups. The consequence was the emergence of a parasitic form of criminal oligarchic capitalism, motivated to export capital from Russia. At the same time, in Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Poland, Czechoslovakia and the Baltic states, reforms and privatization followed a different path. Oligarchization stopped the economic development of Russia and intensified the negative consequences. About this in the paper.
This article studies Lauchlin Currie's accelerated growth theory and its connection to the Colombian socio-economic problems. It shows that Currie's ideas are the most serious attempt ever made in ...the country to elaborate a development theory based on the experience of economic slowdown, poverty and violence that characterized Colombia from the postwar until well into the 1980s. His ideas articulate economic growth with social development and have contributed to the urban management avoiding that the marginality in cities is greater that in cities of other countries in the region who have a similar development as ours. Consequently, many of the accelerated growth theories are still valid, especially in times in which violence and marginality still keep the country's safety in suspense.
Singapore won possession of the Horsburgh Lighthouse at the International Court of Justice and its table tennis team secured Olympic medals. A detainee from the Jemaah Islamiah organization escaped, ...Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew's wife suffered a hemorrhagic stroke, opposition politician Joshua Benjamin Jeyaretnam passed away, and the economy slowed sharply.
This study highlights the interaction between social protection programs and labor markets in the Latin America region. It presents new evidence on the limited coverage of existing programs and ...emphasizes the challenges caused by high informality for achieving universal social protection for old age income, for health, for unemployment risks and for anti poverty safety nets. It identifies interaction effects between SP programs and the behavioral responses of workers, firms and social protection providers, which can further undermine efforts to expand coverage, summarizing evidence from recent work across the region. It argues for a re-design of financing to eliminate cross subsidies between members of contributory programs and subsidies that effectively tax income from formal employment. Instead, it advocates well-targeted, tax-funded tapered subsidies to provide incentives to the savings efforts of low income workers, coupled with an effective safety net for the extreme poor who have no capacity to contribute to financing their own social protection arrangements. It also argues for the consolidation of programs and harmonization of benefits packages across different insurers. The book develops an overall conceptual framework and presents in-depth analysis of the main SP sectors of pensions, health, unemployment insurance and safety net transfers.
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