The asterisk is one of the oldest graphic signs and still plays an important role in both printed and electronic texts. The sign * appears in a wide variety of domains (literary texts, scientific ...works, legal and administrative documents, advertising messages), and the roles differ depending on the type of text. Some roles played by the asterisk remain constant regardless of the domain: for example, marking footnotes, delimiting chapters or anonymizing proper names. Other roles are specific to a certain field: marking unattested and reconstituted forms or ungrammatical constructions in linguistics or marking bold text in communication on electronic devices that do not allow bold letters.
El análisis de la autoría refiere a un conjunto de técnicas cuyo objetivo principal es determinar quién es el autor de un texto. En los últimos años se está produciendo un desarrollo considerable de ...este tipo de trabajos, lo que está llevando a un rápido desarrollo de la disciplina. Este estudio recorre los orígenes del análisis de autoría, identifica sus campos de actuación y define sus fundamentos metodológicos actuales. Entre ellos se destaca el uso de la razón de verosimilitud como marco que permite mostrar la fuerza de la evidencia en el ámbito forense. A partir de un corpus de textos cortos electrónicos, se muestran los principales aspectos que deben resolverse para su correcta aplicación: la selección de rasgos, la adecuada caracterización del estilo de un autor a partir de ellos, y el cálculo de probabilidades y su interpretación.
With the advances of technologies, possessing digital and information literacy is crucial for the selection of candidates by employers in this digital AI era. For most students, receiving and ...outputting electronic text has become the norm, and thus examinations with writing components done by hand may not accurately reflect their abilities. It seems that such traditional handwritten examinations are incongruous when assignments are now expected to be in typed formats, so the question is should it become part of the university assessment policy to make it compulsory for students to type their examinations? To better assist higher education institutions in planning for long-term, future-oriented assessment policies, this study provides a systematic review of the literature focusing on typed and handwritten examinations. A classification scheme of the unambiguous advantages and disadvantages, ambivalent factors, and impacts and perceptions for different stakeholders, is developed based on the findings to provide a thorough and concrete foundation for stakeholders to act upon and navigate the complexities of transitioning to typed examinations.
This fifth edition of Principles of Lasers includes corrections to the previous edition as well as being the first available as an ebook. Its mission remains to provide a broad, unified description ...of laser behavior, physics, technology, and applications.
This article, in which e-book inventor Michael Hart discusses the founding of Project Gutenberg, is reprinted from the first issue of the first volume of TESL-EJ (April 1994).
La evolución de la terminología va unida a las nuevas tecnologías y al desarrollo de plataformas de trabajo o interfaces, que permitan crear un glosario técnico de forma semiautomática o incluso ...automática. Las unidades terminológicas y sus propiedades están conectadas a la expresión del conocimiento de los campos especializados en los que aparecen, por lo que estos enfoques automáticos no solo se enfrentan a la tarea de determinar cuáles son las unidades terminológicas de un campo determinado, sino a expresar cómo se estructura dicha información en esa disciplina. Muchas de las unidades terminológicas que se pueden encontrar en un ámbito científico determinado aparecen en otros campos e, incluso, en el uso general. Los términos suelen estar presentes en el acervo léxico de las lenguas y comparten con las unidades léxicas un complejo conjunto de relaciones. La semántica de marcos es un modelo particularmente atractivo para el trabajo terminológico, interesado en dar cuenta de la conexión entre la estructura conceptual de un campo de conocimiento especializado y los elementos utilizados para transmitir este conocimiento. Esto ha llevado a muchos investigadores a utilizar FrameNet como forma de representar la terminología. FrameNet es un recurso en línea para el inglés basado en la semántica de marcos y respaldado por pruebas de corpus. Un marco se fundamenta en el hecho de que ciertas palabras evocan determinadas situaciones en las que tienen lugar determinados participantes. Estas situaciones o marcos son estructuras estereotipadas que representan áreas de experiencia y conocimiento sociocultural. Presentamos un enfoque estadístico basado en corpus que es capaz de seleccionar los marcos de FrameNet que mejor representan un conjunto de textos electrónicos sobre COVID-19 e indicar cuáles de sus unidades léxicas funcionan como unidades terminológicas de ese corpus. Los resultados muestran cómo esta metodología puede ser un buen apoyo al trabajo terminográfico, ya que no solo permite la extracción de unidades terminológicas, sino el uso del esqueleto formal de FrameNet como medio para estructurar este conocimiento.
This article begins by introducing the International Corpus of English project and proceeds to summarize the findings and outcomes of an extensive review by written questionnaire conducted by the ...present authors (Kirk & Nelson, 2017). Although critically concerned with practice hitherto, the review also discusses possible second generation components, and the issues in need of addressing before they should begin. The report contains many comments from a questionnaire that respondents complete, giving a flavour of the importance with which the corpus is valued. Respondents also raise a number of fundamental questions about the nature of L2 varieties of English in multilingual contexts. An Appendix sets out a prospectus for a possible component of electronic texts. Other Appendices list the corpus's text categories and their quantities as well as the 27 national components and their directors.
This study examines gender representation in 10 current (2016–2020) US college-level general chemistry textbooks. On average, females were found to constitute 30% of images and 3% of the named ...science, technology, engineering, math, and medical (STEMM) professionals in the index. A male name appears on average every four pages of text, while a female name appears every 250 pages of text. Male overrepresentation is not driven by a pedagogical need to include specific individuals, since the textbooks only have eight names in common. Gender imbalance was ubiquitous among all publishers examined and observed in both traditional and electronic texts. We speculate that male overrepresentation in chemistry textbooks reflects and perpetuates unconscious gender bias in STEMM.
Bulgarie Stantcheva, Roumiana L
Revue de littérature comparée,
3/2022, Letnik:
380, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Colloquia Comparativa Litterarum (2015). La revue en ligne Colloquia Comparativa Litterarum est pour le moment la seule revue de littérature comparée en Bulgarie, même si depuis la dernière décennie ...du XIXe siècle des publications en histoire comparée des littératures et au cours du XXe siècle des recherches et revues périodiques, consacrées spécifiquement à la littérature comparée, ont existé.
Considering the relationship between reading and incidental vocabulary learning, in this study the effects of electronic glosses as well as working memory (WM) capacity on readers’ intake of new ...words were investigated. One hundred twenty users of English read an electronic text annotated with either lexical or topic-level glosses placed in either a pop-up window or a separate window. Upon reading, they took immediate and delayed form recognition and meaning recall tests as well as a subjective rating of cognitive load (CL). The results showed that lexical annotations led to a better performance on the unannounced immediate meaning recall test. In the pop-up window condition, high capacity readers were able to supply more definitions for the target words than low capacity readers on the delayed post-test. While no effects of WM, gloss type, or gloss location emerged for the reported CL, pop-up window annotations were the most frequently accessed ones.
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