Correction for 'A compact and high-performance setup of capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE-C
4
D)' by Lin Li
et al.
,
Analyst
, 2024,
...https://doi.org/10.1039/d4an00354c
.
Electrophoresis is a straightforward but informative analytical method used in biochemistry, biology and medicine. This book combines a detailed discussion of theory and technical application with an ...elaborate section on troubleshooting and problem solving in electrophoresis. Therefore the book is an important guide for both students and scientists.
The paper present the methodology to design and implement a mechatronic system for gel electrophoresis. It describes the steps towards the development of a prototype and presents its functions. The ...new automated system is characterized by high precision, small size and relatively low cost, thus achieving the introduction of a significant innovation in the area of medical and laboratory measurements.
The present review encompasses ca. 65 years of history of developments in electrokinetic separations, taking as a starting point the year 1937, i.e. the official launching of Tiselius’ moving ...boundary electrophoresis (MBE). The 1950s have been particularly rich in introducing novel methodologies in zone electrophoresis (ZE), thus bringing about the decline of MBE. Among them of extraordinary importance was the development of electrophoresis on agar gels coupled to immuno-diffusion at right angles, which brought a big revolution not only in biochemistry but also in clinical chemistry. Also the by now forgotten paper electrophoresis was a landmark in separation science, in that it implemented, in its “fingerprinting” version, the first genuine two-dimensional (2D) map, coupling orthogonally a charge to a hydrophobic scale separation, while permitting for the first time the detection of spot mutations, i.e. single amino acid replacements in a polypeptide chain, that paved the way to modern genetic analysis. Equally important was the introduction of starch-block electrophoresis, that brought about the notion of sieving and the first discontinuous buffers, refined, in the 1960s, by Ornstein and Davies with their classical papers combining multiphasic buffer systems to polyacrylamide gels, that went down to history as disc-electrophoresis. The 1960s also contributed with two fundamental techniques, isoelectric focusing (IEF) and sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE) that permitted to discriminate proteins solely on the basis of surface charge and molecular mass, respectively. The 1970s gave other fundamental contributions, such as isotachophoresis, the first example of a fully instrumental approach to electrophoresis, both in its analytical and preparative version (Tachophor and Tachofrac), 2D maps combining IEF to SDS–PAGE at right angles and silver staining techniques, that incremented sensitivity by 3 orders of magnitude. The 1980s generated immobilized pH gradients and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), two big players that dominated the electrokinetic horizon for all the 1990s and still in vigorous use in present days. The review terminates with a glimpse, in the third millennium, onto microchip technology and hyphenated techniques, notably direct interfacing of various electrophoretic separation methods with mass spectrometry (MS).
The development of capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection for the two‐year period from mid‐2014 to mid‐2016 is covered in this review. This includes a survey of fundamental studies ...and further developments of the measuring technique reported as well as a discussion of new applications. These mostly concern capillary electrophoresis carried out in conventional capillaries as well as on microchip electrophoresis devices. The main focus is on the determination of small non‐UV‐absorbing organic ions and inorganic ions in different types of samples of clinical, nutritional or environmental interest. Outside of electrophoresis contactless conductivity detection is finding uses in detection in column chromatography, flow‐injection analysis and industrial applications.
This review presents recent developments and applications of capillary and microchip electromigration methods in proteomics and peptidomics. Sample preparation methods as well as instrumental ...innovations in the coupling of these advanced electromigration methods with mass spectrometry detection employed in proteomic and peptidomic analyses are presented. Interesting applications of various capillary electromigration methods in bottom‐up as well as top‐down proteomics, including investigation of post‐translational modifications of proteins are described. In addition, several examples of the use of capillary electromigration methods combined with mass spectrometry detection in clinical proteomics and peptidomics are demonstrated.
•Novel microchip electrophoresis (ME) technology including modes and detectors are reviewed.•Recent biomedical applications of ME during 2010 to date are presented.•Advantages and limitations of ME ...are addressed.
Many separation methods have been developed for biomedical analysis, including chromatographic (e.g. high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC)) and electrophoretic methods (e.g. gel electrophoresis and capillary electrophoresis (CE)). Among these techniques, CE provides advantages in terms of high separation efficiency, simplicity, low sample and solvent volume consumption, short analysis time and applicability to a wide range of biomedically important substances. Microchip electrophoresis (ME) is a miniaturized platform of CE and is now considered as a simpler and more convenient alternative, which has demonstrated potential in analytical chemistry. High-throughput, cost-effective and portable analysis systems can be developed using ME. The current review describes different separation modes and detectors that have been employed in ME to analyze various classes of biomedical analytes (e.g. pharmaceuticals and related substances, nucleic acids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, antibodies and antigens, carbohydrates, cells, cell components and lysates). Recent applications (during 2010–2014) in these areas are presented in tables and some significant findings are highlighted.
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