Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) poses a global health challenge due to high incidence rates and underdiagnosis, leading to increased risks of early-onset atherosclerosis and cardiovascular ...diseases. Early detection and treatment of FH is critical in reducing the risk of cardiovascular events and improving the long-term outcomes and quality of life for affected individuals and their families. Traditional therapeutic approaches revolve around lipid-lowering interventions, yet challenges persist, particularly in accurate and timely diagnosis. The current diagnostic landscape heavily relies on genetic testing of specific LDL-C metabolism genes, often limited to specialized centers. This constraint has led to the adoption of alternative clinical scores for FH diagnosis. However, the rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) present promising solutions to these diagnostic challenges. This review explores the intricacies of FH, highlighting the challenges that are encountered in the diagnosis and management of the disorder. The revolutionary potential of ML, particularly in large-scale population screening, is highlighted. Applications of ML in FH screening, diagnosis, and risk stratification are discussed, showcasing its ability to outperform traditional criteria. However, challenges and ethical considerations, including algorithmic stability, data quality, privacy, and consent issues, are crucial areas that require attention. The review concludes by emphasizing the significant promise of AI and ML in FH management while underscoring the need for ethical and practical vigilance to ensure responsible and effective integration into healthcare practices.
•FH is a global health challenge with underdiagnosis and high cardiovascular risks.•AI/ML offer promising solutions for FH diagnosis and management.•ML models outperforms traditional criteria in FH screening and diagnosis.•AI & ML promise in personalized FH therapy advancements.•Key challenges include stable algorithms, data quality, privacy, and ethics.
This commentary examines the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in forensic science, highlighting its benefits in enhancing accuracy and efficiency across a number of forensic disciplines, including ...medicine, anthropology, forensics, and taphonomy. However its use, also raises concerns about privacy, data protection, bias, fairness, and the reliability of AI systems. The commentary emphasises the importance of scrutiny, standardized procedures, and ongoing dialogue to ensure AI is responsibly advanced in forensic science.
IMI 2023 Digest Sankaridurg, Padmaja; Berntsen, David A; Bullimore, Mark A ...
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science,
05/2023, Letnik:
64, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Myopia is a dynamic and rapidly moving field, with ongoing research providing a better understanding of the etiology leading to novel myopia control strategies. In 2019, the International Myopia ...Institute (IMI) assembled and published a series of white papers across relevant topics and updated the evidence with a digest in 2021. Here, we summarize findings across key topics from the previous 2 years. Studies in animal models have continued to explore how wavelength and intensity of light influence eye growth and have examined new pharmacologic agents and scleral cross-linking as potential strategies for slowing myopia. In children, the term premyopia is gaining interest with increased attention to early implementation of myopia control. Most studies use the IMI definitions of ≤-0.5 diopters (D) for myopia and ≤-6.0 D for high myopia, although categorization and definitions for structural consequences of high myopia remain an issue. Clinical trials have demonstrated that newer spectacle lens designs incorporating multiple segments, lenslets, or diffusion optics exhibit good efficacy. Clinical considerations and factors influencing efficacy for soft multifocal contact lenses and orthokeratology are discussed. Topical atropine remains the only widely accessible pharmacologic treatment. Rebound observed with higher concentration of atropine is not evident with lower concentrations or optical interventions. Overall, myopia control treatments show little adverse effect on visual function and appear generally safe, with longer wear times and combination therapies maximizing outcomes. An emerging category of light-based therapies for children requires comprehensive safety data to enable risk versus benefit analysis. Given the success of myopia control strategies, the ethics of including a control arm in clinical trials is heavily debated. IMI recommendations for clinical trial protocols are discussed.
Artificial intelligence integration, specifically ChatGPT, is becoming increasingly popular in educational contexts. This research paper provides a systematic literature review that examines the ...effects of incorporating ChatGPT into education. The study examines four primary research questions: the benefits and challenges of ChatGPT, its impact on student engagement and learning outcomes, ethical considerations and safeguards, and the effects on educators and teachers, based on an analysis of numerous scientific research articles published between 2022 and 2023. The results emphasize the numerous benefits of ChatGPT, such as the opportunity for students to investigate AI technology, personalized assistance, and improved learning experiences. Furthermore, advantages such as enhanced learning and enhanced information accessibility are identified. Nevertheless, ethical considerations and biases in AI models are also highlighted. ChatGPT enhances student engagement by offering personalized responses, prompt feedback, and rapid access to information, resulting in enhanced learning outcomes and the growth of critical thinking abilities. Ethical considerations and safeguards, including user education, privacy protection, human supervision, and stated guidelines, are essential for responsible use. The integration of ChatGPT transforms the role of educators from content delivery to assistance and guidance, thereby fostering personalized and differentiated learning. Educators have to consider ethical considerations while monitoring student usage in order to facilitate this transformation. Educational institutions can increase student engagement, learning outcomes, and the responsible use of AI in education by addressing challenges, establishing ethical guidelines, and leveraging the strengths of ChatGPT. This will prepare students for future challenges.
Almost half of Europe’s region is rural. There is also a dearth in essential services along with an aging population. There is an ethical obligation by society to reflect on how the older person is ...facilitated to engage with communities. Family structures in Europe are changing, moving from rural to urban areas with increasing numbers of older people living alone. This has consequences for the role of communities and public policy to ensure that the older person remains socially connected. The aim of this review paper is an attempt to explore some important concepts in relation to the older person and their engagement with communities. It is not an ultimate review. The objective is an attempt to reflect on ethical considerations that necessitates consideration in relation to the older person and their self- determination with regards to reducing loneliness and assisting them to live in age friendly communities. Methodology utilised a snapshot of various ideologies in relation to the older person and their unique attributes that may improve their quality of life.
Conclusion: The older person is growing in population, throughout the globe. Their enormous contribution to society is at times undermined. Empowerment of the older person to enable them to express their wishes is vital. An ethical model for enabling the older person to make decisions is vital. This model must also include components with expertise from various technologies in relation to the older person. This review will place emphasis on communities to ensure that the older person is included in societal affairs and facilitate them to make their contribution. This review will help to understand how important it is to ensure that the older person gets opportunities to get involved in communities so that loneliness and social isolation is minimised.
The Japanese Journal of Pharmaceutical Education is a platform for members to present and share the results of their daily educational research and to improve the quality of knowledge and educational ...practice in pharmaceutical education. Although the subjects of basic research, clinical research, and educational research differ, the process of honestly looking at the current situation, finding issues within that situation, determining what approach is necessary to solve the issues, and considering the results obtained seems to be common. The difficulty with educational research is at what point the transition from educational “practice” to “research” occurs, and careful ethical considerations are essential because social and psychological power relations are likely to arise between the students who are the research subjects and the faculty member or instructor who is the researcher. The quality of these ethical considerations will lead to the quality of the research, including the reliability and validity of the data to be collected. We hope that many members of the society will contribute papers that will pave the way for the next generation of pharmacy education.
