This study expands the empirical evidence amassed to date concerning tourists’ decision-making processes in a situation of conflict between a country of origin’s market and country of destination. It ...uses the constructs of animosity, national attachment, consumer ethnocentrism, country image, and perceptions of the state of bilateral relations in order to examine three intent to visit scenarios. To obtain the robust results, the study uses two methods of analysis from distinctly different repertoires of techniques, such as traditional statistical and data-mining approaches, and applies them to each scenario. The results consistently indicate a high level of influence of general animosity and ethnocentric tendencies in addition to country image and bilateral relation variables in tourists’ decision making. The situational context of the study is the conflict between China, the country of origin, and South Korea, the country of destination, over the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) system.
Purpose: This research aimed to find out what causes consumer ethnocentrism. In addition, the study will look into the relationship between ethnocentrism and consumer purchase patterns in Chennai.
...Theoretical Framework: Consumers are increasingly confronted with a wide selection of home and foreign products as marketplaces become more globalised. Consumer ethnocentric attitudes are one factor affecting the purchase of domestic versus international products.
Design/Methodology/Approach: A total of 139 consumers in Chennai were polled in this face-to-face study. Correlation and regression tests were used to analyse the data.
Findings: Consumer ethnocentrism is most strongly predicted by the factor 'prejudice.'
Research, Practical & Social Implications: According to the study, consumer ethnocentrism significantly and positively impacts customers' purchasing decision patterns.
Originality/Value: To develop successful marketing tactics inside and outside national borders, marketers must comprehend consumers' ethnocentric tendencies. The study's findings will also help marketers create and tailor their own strategic initiatives for the home market. The results of this study suggest that customer ethnocentrism and consumer shopping habits in Chennai are related.
Foreign and domestic product purchase behavior largely depends on consumer predispositions. The dominant construct in international marketing literature explaining such behavior has been consumer ...ethnocentrism, which is conceptually anchored in social identity theory. However, such a perspective overlooks evidence that certain consumers are consistently attracted by the "foreignness" of a product. Drawing from system justification theory, the present investigation conceptualizes and provides an empirical test of the consumer xenocentrism construct that is intended to explain consumer attraction toward foreign products. Using survey data from five complementary studies, the authors develop and validate a new scale (the C-XENSCALE) to measure consumers' xenocentric tendencies and offer extensive evidence on its ability to explain consumer preferences for foreign products. The authors discuss implications of the findings for theory and managerial practice and identify future research directions.
This study employs a two-group pretest–posttest experimental design to investigate to what extent promotional materials affect the image perceptions, attitudes, and behavioral intentions of potential ...tourists toward a country-vacation destination in a situation of political and economic conflict between the two nations. Specifically, the study focuses on such psychographic characteristics of tourists as animosity toward the destination country, national attachment to their own country, and consumer ethnocentrism to investigate whether these traits can inhibit the effectiveness of the promotional materials. The findings of the study indicate that intermediate effects of destination advertising include changes in perceptions of country values and overall attitudes. The results also suggest that the amount of change depends on the individual’s level of psychographic variables, most notably animosity.
Ethnocentrism refers to the degree to which one sees his or her culture as superior and the standard by which other cultures should be judged (Neuliep, Hintz, XXABSTRACT McCroskey, 2005). ...Ethnocentrism negatively influences intercultural communication, especially one’s motivation to interact with persons from dif-ferent cultures (Goncz, 2018; Nameni, 2020; Pla, 2021). As ethnocentrism increases, cultural compe-tence decreases. This study seeks to investigate the levels of students’ ethnocentrism. The additional questions there are about differences between Lithuanian and international students’ levels of ethno-centrism in the study. Students completed the Generalized Ethnocentrism (GENE) Scale (Neuliep and McCroskey). The scale, designed to assess people’s ethnocentrism irrespective of cultural background, consists of 22 items assessed via a 5-point Likert-type scale, 15 of which assess ethnocentrism and 7 of which serve as distracters. Assessing ethnocentrism is important for training and development purpos-es. By comparing the levels of ethnocentrism, it can be better assessed whether an educational objec-tive such as “Learning to live together” consisting of developing an understanding of other people and an appreciation of interdependence is being met. This information may be of use in the design of pro-grams to improve the cultural competence of students.
This research focuses on ethnocentrism in Edward Zwick’s The Last Samurai. It is intended to identify how ethnocentrism is depicted and reflected in the life of samurai in the movie The Last Samurai. ...The ethnocentrism theory by William G. Sumner will be used to analyze the movie. The data were obtained by watching the film, reading the movie script and cinematographic elements, identifying data based on the topic of study, and categorizing the data with respect to the theoretical framework. Based on the analysis, the findings show that there are three aspects of ethnocentrism; first, loyal to in-group norms; second, express in-group pride; third, judge and underestimate the out-group. These three features of ethnocentrism create a deep perception in their dominant culture to others.
Understanding and remedying women's underrepresentation in majority-male fields and occupations require the recognition of a lesser-known form of cultural bias called masculine defaults. Masculine ...defaults exist when aspects of a culture value, reward, or regard as standard, normal, neutral, or necessary characteristics or behaviors associated with the male gender role. Although feminist theorists have previously described and analyzed masculine defaults (e.g., Bem, 1984; de Beauvoir, 1953; Gilligan, 1982; Warren, 1977), here we define masculine defaults in more detail, distinguish them from more well-researched forms of bias, and describe how they contribute to women's underrepresentation. We additionally discuss how to counteract masculine defaults and possible challenges to addressing them. Efforts to increase women's participation in majority-male departments and companies would benefit from identifying and counteracting masculine defaults on multiple levels of organizational culture (i.e., ideas, institutional policies, interactions, individuals).
A substantial portion of Europeans opposes granting welfare benefits to immigrants (welfare chauvinism) and to longer-established ethnic minorities (welfare ethnocentrism). We aim to explain welfare ...chauvinism and welfare ethnocentrism by introducing autochthony as a novel determinant. Autochthony is the general belief in entitlements for firstcomers. Using a representative sample of British (N = 3,516) and Dutch (N = 1,241) natives, we find that autochthony indeed predicts higher welfare chauvinism, even after taking into account a great range of existing explanations. Moreover, an experiment among British natives showed that autochthony not only explains welfare chauvinism towards immigrants but also welfare ethnocentrism towards established ethnic minorities and Muslims. However, autochthony did not explain welfare ethnocentrism towards black Britons. Our findings indicate that the argument "we were here first" can help to shed light on welfare attitudes that are of growing importance in diverse Western societies.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine how consumer ethnocentrism (CET) and cosmopolitanism (COS) may affect Asian consumers’ perceptions of out-group countries and their products, doing so ...by examining similar vs dissimilar countries across countries of origin. Given the strong inter-country rivalries that exist among Asian countries, the authors propose two alternative hypotheses, drawing from social identity theory and realistic group conflict theory.
Design/methodology/approach
To test the hypotheses, the authors examine consumer perceptions of both Western countries (dissimilar out-groups) and Asian countries (similar out-groups) within China (Study 1). In addition, the authors investigate how CET and COS affect consumer perceptions of Asian countries in Japan and in non-Asian dissimilar countries, and compare the effects between the two regions (Study 2).
Findings
The findings indicate that CET shows greater negative effects on perceptions of a country and its products, when the country is from a similar out-group than when it is from a dissimilar one. On the other hand, COS showed equally strong positive effects among consumers for both similar and dissimilar out-group countries.
Research limitations/implications
The results suggest that Asian consumers feel a sense of intergroup rivalry with other Asian countries, and, as a result, exhibit a greater degree of ethnocentric biases toward these countries and their products than they do toward Western countries and products. Also, the results suggest that COS may transcend national differences and inter-country rivalries in consumer consumption tendencies.
Originality/value
The study examines inter-country similarities as a moderator of CET and COS effects, which has not been extensively researched in the past. In addition, the study discusses the concept of intergroup rivalry among neighboring countries and examines how it affects consumer perceptions of out-group countries and their products in Asia, where strong inter-country rivalries exist.
Consumers' local bias is an important determinant of domestic product purchase behavior. Because of its importance, authors across various disciplines have investigated this phenomenon using the ...consumer ethnocentrism model. However, the research reported herein demonstrates that such an approach provides an incomplete picture at best. This research provides an initial test of the consumer disidentification (CDI) construct. In contrast with consumer ethnocentrism, the CDI model predicts that consumers' repulsion toward their domestic country negatively affects the purchase of products made in their domestic country or by domestic firms. The model is tested using survey data from 1534 second-generation immigrants who were born in and live in the Netherlands. Structural equation modeling supports the model and shows that CDI has a significant impact on buying decisions beyond the effect of consumer ethnocentrism. The results further show that for second-generation Turkish immigrants, acculturation and ethnic identification are important predictors of both consumer ethnocentrism and CDI. The article discusses the implications of these findings for research and practice. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
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