The previous research was mainly focused on consumers' purchase intention toward imported products in developed countries, whereas there is insufficient research conducted in developing countries ...like Mongolia. Therefore, the current study analyzed consumers' purchase intention toward imported products. We specifically examine the effects of the country of origin (COO), Ethnocentrism, and social influence on imported products' purchase intention through the product image and quality mediation role. To achieve the purpose of the research, an online survey was conducted on four hundred twenty-six Mongolian female consumers who experienced purchasing imported handbags. We used SPSS 23 and PLS-SEM software to test hypotheses. Moreover, we explored that an individual's perception of social influence was essential in purchasing imported products. Individuals with a higher degree of social influence prefer to buy imported products, e. g., and handbags, without a prior evaluation. Implications of the findings for theory and managerial practice are discussed, and future research directions are identified.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate how consumer cosmopolitanism (COS) and consumer ethnocentrism (CET) may affect young populations in China (an emerging country) and Korea (an ...advanced emerging country) on their evaluations of Japanese brands.
Design/methodology/approach
The author hypothesize that the levels and the effects of COS and CET will differ between China and Korea because of their differing levels of economic development and globalization. Surveys were conducted with 311 Chinese and Korean young individuals with comparable sample characteristics.
Findings
The research reveals a few interesting findings. First, the findings show that Chinese young consumers may be more ethnocentric and moderately less cosmopolitan than their Korean counterparts. Additionally, COS was found to have greater effects on evaluations of Japanese brands in China than in Korea. On the other hand, CET played a subdued role in brand evaluations for both countries.
Research limitations/implications
The findings suggest that COS and CET may have reduced influences on future consumers in emerging Asia and other emerging countries as they experience increasing globalization.
Originality/value
This study addresses an under-researched issue of how consumer values may change in emerging Asia experiencing rapid economic development and globalization.
When forming opinions, mass publics may implicitly or explicitly value some people’s well-being more than others. Here we examine how two forms of this phenomenon—ethnocentric valuation and moral ...exclusion—affect attitudes toward international trade. We hypothesize that attitudes toward competition and believing that trade is a competition moderate the extent of ethnocentric valuation and moral exclusion; although all citizens value their co-nationals’ livelihoods systematically more than those of people in trading partner countries, greater ethnocentric valuation and moral exclusion occur when trade is seen as a competition and when individuals hold more positive attitudes toward competition. Using two survey experiments conducted on representative samples of both Americans and Canadians, we examine how differential valuation of in-country and out-country job gains and losses influences trade policy preferences. We test a series of hypotheses using multiple variables tied to competitive attitudes across two countries that differ in their attitudes toward competition.
This study explores consumer ethnocentrism, consumer knowledge of countries of origin of automobiles, and the relationship between these and consumers' preferences and purchases of vehicles. Consumer ...ethnocentrism varies significantly within the U.S. population, resulting in groups that are not ethnocentric, moderately ethnocentric, and highly ethnocentric. While ethnocentrism is a significant factor in perceptions, attitudes, and purchase intentions, consumers have limited knowledge of where vehicles are made. Consumers rely primarily on country of brand rather than country of origin, and their attitudes and purchases reflect those brand perceptions.
In modern competitive marketing for producers the situation has become harder to compete with other countries’ goods and survive in the markets. Although a large part of competiveness relies on ...tangible features but Consumer Ethnocentrism is one of essential factors to decrease consumer tendency for the foreign goods. An industry that is severely affected by imported goods is feminine clothes. This study investigates psychosocial factors (nationalism, conservatism, extroversion) by modifiers role age and education variable on Consumer Ethnocentrism. The statistic universe of this study consists of east Tehran women that divided to four clusters mean: north, south, west, east by cluster sampling and then 385 questioners distributed among them. The Results of the research represent that the relationship between conservatism and nationalism is statistically significant but there is no statistically significant relationship between extroversion and Consumer Ethnocentrism. In addition when the age variable appears in modifier role, there is only a significant relationship between conservatism and ethnocentrism and when the education variable appears in modifier role, the relationship between nationalism and Ethnocentrism is the only significant relationship.
Cooperation is fundamental for the long-term survival of biological, social, and technological networks. Previously, mechanisms for the enhancement of cooperation, such as network reciprocity, have ...largely been studied in isolation and with often inconclusive findings. Here, we present an evolutionary, multiagent-based, and spatially explicit computer model to specifically address the interactive interplay between such mechanisms. We systematically investigate the effects of phenotypic diversity, network structure, and rewards on cooperative behavior emerging in a population of reproducing artificial decision makers playing tag-mediated evolutionary games. Cooperative interactions are rewarded such that both the benefits of recipients and costs of donators are affected by the reward size. The reward size is determined by the number of cooperative acts occurring within a given reward time frame. Our computational experiments reveal that small reward frames promote unconditional cooperation in populations with both low and high diversity, whereas large reward frames lead to cycles of conditional and unconditional strategies at high but not at low diversity. Moreover, an interaction between rewards and spatial structure shows that relative to small reward frames, there is a strong difference between the frequency of conditional cooperators populating rewired versus non-rewired networks when the reward frame is large. Notably, in a less diverse population, the total number of defections is comparable across different network topologies, whereas in more diverse environments defections become more frequent in a regularly structured than in a rewired, small-world network of contacts. Acknowledging the importance of such interaction effects in social dilemmas will have inevitable consequences for the future design of cooperation-enhancing protocols in large-scale, distributed, and decentralized systems such as peer-to-peer networks.
•We study the effects of phenotypic diversity, network structure, and rewards on the evolution of cooperation.•We employ a multiagent-based and spatially explicit evolutionary model.•Our model simulations reveal non-trivial interactions between mechanisms for cooperation enhancement.•When acting alone, these mechanisms cannot always promote cooperation.•These mechanisms often need to be combined to fully unfold their cooperation-promoting potency.
This study examines the effect of ethnocentrism and xenocentric consumer dispositions, and global culture on the purchase intention of national and global brands, in a developing country, conditioned ...on the individual's social capital and identity. Through structural equation modeling, and a field experiment, we provide evidence that global preference bias, the cognitive duality of consumers in developing countries in choosing local or global brands, may be due to xenocentrism and global culture, and its interaction with consumer's network and self-extension. It advances the understanding of global preference bias by bringing the perspective of micro and macro levels of group influence.
Does political conflict with another country influence domestic consumers' daily consumption choices? We exploit the volatile US-China relations in 2018 and 2019 to analyze whether US consumers ...reduce their visits to Chinese restaurants when bilateral relations deteriorate. We measure the degree of political conflict through negativity in media reports and rely on smartphone location data to measure daily visits to over 190,000 US restaurants. A deterioration in US-China relations induces a significant decline in visits not only to Chinese but also to other foreign ethnic restaurants, while visits to typical American restaurants increase. We identify consumers' age, race, and cultural openness to moderate the strength of this ethnocentric effect.
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine whether events such as acts of terrorism, political and social turmoil, military conflicts, epidemics, and similar influence preferences of Russian ...tourists for international and domestic travel (DT) and the role of psychographic and demographic factors in this process.Design/methodology/approachThe study is a survey of 139 international tourists from a large Russian city. Variables representing the influence of instability in the world on selecting international vacations (unstable world, UW) and the willingness to turn to DT instead (domestic tourism, DT) were operationalized. The study operationalized the constructs of national attachment and consumer ethnocentrism and then converted them into manifest variables, NAT and CET. Hierarchical linear regression and logistic regression were conducted to investigate the relationship between UW and DT variables and personal factors. Supporting ANOVA and χ2 tests were conducted to further explore those relationships.FindingsThe study found that being a female, older and more attached to the homeland make Russian tourists more receptive to threats and risks of international travel; however, being wealthier, makes them less susceptible to those threats. Those with higher ethnocentric tendencies are more likely to turn to DT instead, while those with higher income are less likely.Originality/valueThe study does not pertain to a particular “destination-negative event” context. Nor the study is interested in a particular travel risk or whether or not Russian tourists perceive international travel as risky. The study focuses on to what degree those perceptions influence their decisions to travel internationally or domestically. Psychographic consumer ethnocentrism and national attachment variables that are rarely used in tourism studies were employed to better understand the destination selection process of Russian tourists in the UW.
Immigration has historically been of low salience in Central and Eastern Europe. Yet, the region has consistently higher levels of ethnocentrism than the rest of Europe. Scholars argue that the ...East's limited politicization of immigration is due to its status as a region of emigration and the presence of ethnic minority ‘others’. I argue that this is changing. The politicization of the European refugee crisis by domestic elites has begun to refocus the sociocultural dimension on the immigration issue. Using structural equation models, I compare European Values Study data from 2008 and 2017 across 10 East European EU member states. I find evidence that traditionalist attitudes are more strongly related to anti‐immigration attitudes since the crisis, particularly for those who are interested in politics. Further, immigration attitudes are polarizing across the GAL‐TAN dimension and by education. Hence, immigration is bolstering a pre‐existing, socially structured divide around both nationalist and traditionalist values.
