Cet article examine l’identification ethnique juive des pentecôtistes brésiliens en se fondant sur l’ethnographie d’une communauté évangélique judaïsante. Cette identification est liée au ...démantèlement des discours de mestiçagem métissage au Brésil. L’adoption de récits multiculturels a favorisé une transition discursive et contribué à l’émergence de revivals ethnoreligieux inspirés du judaïsme. Cet article indique également les limites que revêtent les approches ethnogénétiques pour comprendre les revivalismes ethnoreligieux au Brésil.
Baseado em uma etnografia de uma comunidade evangélica judaizante, este artigo explora a identificação étnica de pentecostais brasileiros com judeus. Sugiro que essa identificação está ligada ao desmonte dos discursos de « mestiçagem » no Brasil. A adoção de narrativas multiculturais promoveu uma mudança discursiva, contribuindo para o surgimento de renascimentos étnico-religiosos. O artigo também indica as limitações do conceito de etnogênese para compreender tais revivalismos étnico-religiosos.
This article examines the Jewish ethnic identification of Brazilian Pentecostals based on the ethnography of a Judaizing evangelical community. This identification is linked to the dismantling of mestiçagem miscegenation discourses in Brazil. The adoption of multicultural narratives has fostered a discursive transition and contributed to the emergence of ethnoreligious revivals inspired by Judaism. This article also points to the limitations of ethnogenetic approaches to understanding ethnoreligious revivals in Brazil.
Fluctuations in the climate of Eurasia during the Middle Holocene led to various adaptations of agriculture and livestock, which were engaged in the primitive ethnic groups in the current territory ...of Ukraine. Using the methods of paleogeography, paleoclimatology, paleobiology, the dynamics of landscape ecosystems are reconstructed and presented in the form of verbal and graphic models of the past dynamics. This allows us to understand the nature of agricultural sustainability, climatogenic transformation of landscapes and the peculiarities of the formation of the Ukrainian ethnic group in a dynamic natural environment. We show the decisive role of natural properties of local primary landscape ecosystems in the history of Ukrainian society from the time of the collapse of the Roman Empire to the beginning of the small ice age in Ukraine. The dynamics of the global and local climate (mesoclimate) is traced and analyzed and its connection and significant influence on the motivation of tribal movement in Central and Eastern Europe are shown. Migration waves, population outbreaks in some tribes, and the decline and assimilation of others are linked to the biotic, behavioral, and ultimately social and economic adaptation of peoples and the changing natural environment. The most effective and efficient adaptation is determined by the bioethological advantages of aboriginal (indigenous - those formed in the primary ecosystem) human tribal populations, prone to use their own ways of survival in local natural landscapes and often able to assimilate immigrant cultures. customs. According to our conclusions, based on the study of climate history and age dynamics of landscape ecosystems, the agricultural adaptability of primitive ethnic groups was the key to the survival and transformation of tribes into a nation during the Middle Holocene. The relatively stable ten-thousand-year climatic period of the Holocene already had extremes of high temperatures in the Minoan (Trypillia period), Roman warm subperiods (the period of prosperity of the Russian state), which are not yet surpassed. Ending in the middle of the twentieth century. it passes into the Anthropocene, and the climate changes rapidly in the direction of warming. Without an in-depth paleoecological analysis of the dynamics of landscape and biome ecosystems, it will be impossible to develop rational ways to adapt the agro-complex and environmentally safe nature management to the modern transformation of the Earth's climate and mesoclimate.
Este artículo aborda los actuales procesos de etnogénesis en la provincia de Santiago del Estero desde una perspectiva centrada en la historicidad de las identidades étnicas. Frente a ciertas ...posturas negacionistas de las identidades indígenas, por considerarlas sin continuidad histórica, o de aquellas situadas en la pura subjetividad de los actores, el trabajo problematiza las formas de visibilización e invisibilización de lo indígena durante el siglo XIX y principios del XX para entender las identidades como emergentes de relaciones de poder y de las condiciones de posibilidad para su legitimación en el presente. En tal sentido, problematiza la construcción de la etnicidad actual a partir del rol del Estado y de la activación paralela de memorias indias del campesinado local. Metodológicamente se trabajó con diversas fuentes documentales y en base a trabajos etnográficos previos realizados con sectores del campesinado.
This article addresses the current processes of ethnogenesis in the province of Santiago del Estero from a perspective focused on the historicity of ethnic identities. Faced with certain denialist positions of indigenous identities, considering them without historical continuity, or those situated in the pure subjectivity of the actors, the work problematizes the forms of visibility and invisibility of the indigenous during the 19th and early 20th centuries to understand identities as emerging from power relations and the conditions of possibility for their legitimacy in the present. In this sense, it problematizes the construction of current ethnicity based on the role of the state and the parallel activation of Indian memories of the local peasantry. Methodologically, we worked with various documentary sources and based on previous ethnographic work carried out with sectors of the peasantry.
The Besermans are a small people settled in northern Udmurtia. The unusual combination of the Turkic-Muslim self-designation with the Finno-Ugric language always caused genuine interest in this ...people. However, scientists still have not reached a consensus regarding the origin of the Besermans. The purpose of this work is to identify and systematize the Turkic names of the details of traditional Beserman clothing, which allows us to study more deeply the Beserman-Turkic relationships, and to obtain new data to unravel the ethnic genesis of the Besermans. In this regard, this work is relevant. The relevance of our work is also due to the possibility of using data in cultural, educational, museum work and in local history courses. The main sources of study are materials of T.I. Teplyashina card catalogue with field records of the Beserman speech. The study was conducted predominantly using a descriptive method. In general, our research confirms the hypothesis about including of the Turkic component in the Beserman ethnos as a result of interethnic marriages. The Chuvash component, which was later replaced by the Tatar superstratum, is quite clearly traced in the ethnogenesis of the Besermans. We have not identified lexical bulgarisms among the studied terminology however they could be replaced by analogous Chuvash word forms as a result of later interaction between ethnic groups.
An early article is devoted to the study of the concept of Eurasianism in the context of comparative art history. The presented article emphasizes that modern art history requires methodological ...innovations that will reveal the features not only of the national specifics of music, but also the parameters of its dialogue with other cultures.
The article discusses the concept of musical genocide as an analogue of an innate program that determines the vectors of the artistic culture evolution. As a result, it is possible to determine both universal ethnocultural and the specificity of regional conditioned properties of culture.
The purpose of the research is to determine the comparative parameters of the Eurasian culture.
The research methodology lies in the method of historicism. Of fundamental importance, he can reveal the logic of historical thinking. The prospect of using the method of historicism lies in the possibility of approaching the complex whole of Eurasian culture in its historical movement, in the unity and development of its constituent parts. Behind the variety of manifestations, the main, common lines of the historical development of Eurasia are being built.
The scientific novelty of the research undertaken in this article is to form a number of provisions of the comparative analysis. For example, the concept of a gene formula, a typological series.
Conclusions. The category of the gene formula formulated in the article is a historically conditioned sign function of culture. The gene formula is generated by the collective experience of the ethnos and has semantic meaning. At the same time, the gene formula defines a specific type of pitch that ensures the vitality of the music and realizes the identity of the culture.
A partir del cotejo de dos documentos tardocoloniales provenientes de la Gobernación de Chiquitos y de la Capitanía de Mato Grosso se demuestra la participación mayoritaria de indígenas chiquito y ...zamuco-hablantes de la gobernación de Chiquitos (actual Bolivia) en la fundación de Vila Maria do Paraguai, al contrario de las versiones más extendidas que sostienen su filiación arawak y otuqui. Al analizar el escenario en el que tuvo lugar su migración a Mato Grosso, la idea del retorno al lugar de origen como principal motivación resulta enfáticamente cuestionada. En cambio, se pone en consideración la pertenencia étnica de los migrantes, sus relaciones interétnicas y el cambio sociocultural que experimentaron como consecuencia de su participación activa en los procesos de historia regional.
Many historical processes are dynamic. Populations grow and decline. Empires expand and collapse. Religions spread and wither. Natural scientists have made great strides in understanding dynamical ...processes in the physical and biological worlds using a synthetic approach that combines mathematical modeling with statistical analyses. Taking up the problem of territorial dynamics--why some polities at certain times expand and at other times contract--this book shows that a similar research program can advance our understanding of dynamical processes in history.
Peter Turchin develops hypotheses from a wide range of social, political, economic, and demographic factors: geopolitics, factors affecting collective solidarity, dynamics of ethnic assimilation/religious conversion, and the interaction between population dynamics and sociopolitical stability. He then translates these into a spectrum of mathematical models, investigates the dynamics predicted by the models, and contrasts model predictions with empirical patterns. Turchin's highly instructive empirical tests demonstrate that certain models predict empirical patterns with a very high degree of accuracy. For instance, one model accounts for the recurrent waves of state breakdown in medieval and early modern Europe. And historical data confirm that ethno-nationalist solidarity produces an aggressively expansive state under certain conditions (such as in locations where imperial frontiers coincide with religious divides). The strength of Turchin's results suggests that the synthetic approach he advocates can significantly improve our understanding of historical dynamics.
Este artigo pretende demonstrar a reconquista da terra e do território pelos povos indígenas do Médio rio Solimões por meio dos processos de reterritorialização e de etnogênese como estratégia de ...resistência para manutenção da vida como povo, como cultura. Através de metodologias participantes, como oficinas de gestão do conhecimento e mapeamento participante, foram identificadas 47 terras indígenas, entre demarcadas (25) e sem providência (22). A proposição de posse e uso comum do mesmo território por diferentes povos de uma única terra vem demonstrar, após sofrerem violentamente com a desterritorialização, a reconquista de seus territórios ao reverterem a situação e criarem novas territorialidades face ao fenômeno da etnogênese ou da resistência ao processo colonial civilizatório, a fim de evitar futuros conflitos de uso e possibilitar o processo de reconhecimento de suas terras pelos órgãos competentes.
Cet article vise à démontrer la reconquête de terres et de territoires par les peuples autochtones du moyen Solimões à travers les processus de reterritorialisation et d'ethnogenèse en tant que stratégie de résistance pour le maintien de la vie en tant que peuple, en tant que culture. Grâce à des méthodologies participatives, telles que des ateliers de gestion des connaissances et de cartographie participative, 47 terres autochtones ont été identifiées, certaines d’entre elles étant délimitées (25) et d’autres non-mesurées (22). La proposition de propriété et d'usage communs d'un même territoire par différents peuples d'une même terre ayant été violemment déterritorialisés exprime la reconquête de leurs territoires, en inversant la situation et en créant de nouvelles territorialités en lien avec le phénomène d'ethnogenèse ou de résistance au processus d’assimilation coloniale, afin d'éviter de futurs conflits d'usage et permettre le processus de reconnaissance de leurs terres par les organes compétents.
This article analyses how the indigenous peoples of the Médio rio Solimões recover their lands and territories through the processes of reterritorialization and ethnogenesis, which constitute a strategy of resistance for the maintenance of life as a people, as culture. Through participative methodologies, such as workshops of knowledge management and participative mapping, 47 indigenous lands were identified, some of them which are demarcated (25) while others have not been measured (22). The proposition of common use and possession of the same territory by different peoples of a single land who have been violently deterritorialized demonstrates the recovery of their territories by reversing the situation and creating new territorialities in the face of the phenomenon of ethnogenesis or resistance to the process of colonial assimilation, in order to avoid future conflicts of use and enable the process of recognition of their lands by competent institutions.
This article argues that settler colonialism structures Indigenous rights in Brazil and shows how Indigenous peoples have also engaged Indigenous rights to interrupt settler colonialism. To this end, ...it turns to the 20
th
century (re-)emergence of officially extinct Indigenous peoples in Brazil's Northeast Region and the central role of the toré ritual in this process. While the toré reversed the settler colonial logic of Indigenous elimination and dispossession, the Indigenous (re-)emergences also operated within the possibilities of settler policy. Lingering in the tense gap between citizenship's limits and possibilities under settler colonialism, the article argues that the toré, by mobilizing bodies, land, culture, and memory, underscores the performative aspect of citizenship and the role of embodied practices in decolonization. Stressing the imbrication of the performative, the material, and the political, the paper offers a Brazilian perspective on debates on Indigenous refusal and the politics of recognition, challenging their simplistic dichotomization.
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