It has become common practice for governments and municipalities around the world to bid for the right to host a major sporting event. Prior to embarking on the bidding process, politicians attempt ...to determine whether such an event will be of value to their municipality; and often focus on the estimated economic consequences of hosting such an event. Frequently, studies are commissioned to predict the event's economic value. However, these studies often miscalculate the potential impact of sport event visitors as consumers. We argue that enhanced profiling of these visitors will enable a more accurate assessment of economic impact. The current research surveys 1,196 spectators of the 2002 Commonwealth Games to demonstrate four important aspects of visitor profiles related to economic impact: (i) visitor typology, (ii) sport tourist behaviors, (iii) consumption patterns determined by interest, and (iv) consumption patterns determined by distance traveled. Overall, the work makes three important contributions to the literature by: (i) empirically supporting that different sports attract different market demographics, (ii) underlining the need for segmentation in economic impact studies, and (iii) identifying the need to develop metrics of economic impact analysis that consider segmentation effects.
The coordination of a social event requires a number of time-bounded tasks (exact time, location, activities of the event) to be determined prior to the event. On university campuses, Facebook is ...increasingly used to organize ad hoc physical gatherings within social groups. The coordination takes place via Facebook event pages and a ‘wall’ that represent online, shared, interactive spaces. This paper explores how such online interactive spaces facilitate the temporal coordination of social events. We content analyze Facebook's event pages and walls to understand how social group behavior is different from prevailing theories of group task progress and media use. The results suggest that, similar to many work groups, social groups exhibit differential interactive behaviors before and after the midpoint of when the event is created on Facebook and when the offline activity is going to happen. However, the results differ in the sense that the interactive behavior is highest before rather than after the midpoint. We also found that the involvement of the creator of the event pages is associated with higher interactive behavior of the social group. We discuss the findings and derive implications for the design of online tools for social event management.
This article brings together the author's previous research and consultancy along with a review of literature from several disciplines to develop a framework that summarizes the concepts, methods, ...and processes required to successfully evaluate the impacts of local government community
festivals. Events and festivals are a relatively underresearched area but have experienced a growing amount of public sector expenditure. The framework developed and presented here is in response to the need to encourage greater evaluation of this activity and in doing so recognize the complexity
of the process. The impacts of many such festivals are diverse (economic, social, environmental), far reaching (local, national, international), and long term. The evaluation of these impacts, therefore, requires an understanding of the concepts involved and the development of a range of tools
and methods. The proposed framework is informed by the empirical research, theory, and practice in the areas of information systems, marketing communications, event studies, and public sector evaluation. Bringing together these distinct but related fields of study has enabled the development
of a comprehensive and novel approach to event impact evaluation.
Purpose
– The European Union recommendations for patient safety calls for shared clinical risk management (CRM) safety standards able to guide organizations in CRM implementation. The purpose of this ...paper is to develop a self-evaluation tool to measure healthcare organization performance on CRM and guide improvements over time.
Design/methodology/approach
– A multi-step approach was implemented including: a systematic literature review; consensus meetings with an expert panel from eight Italian leader organizations to get to an agreement on the first version; field testing to test instrument feasibility and flexibility; Delphi strategy with a second expert panel for content validation and balanced scoring system development.
Findings
– The self-assessment tool – Clinical Assessment of Risk Management: an INtegrated Approach includes seven areas (governance, communication, knowledge and skills, safe environment, care processes, adverse event management, learning from experience) and 52 standards. Each standard is evaluated according to four performance levels: minimum; monitoring; outcomes; and improvement actions, which resulted in a feasible, flexible and valid instrument to be used throughout different organizations.
Practical implications
– This tool allows practitioners to assess their CRM activities compared to minimum levels, monitor performance, benchmarking with other institutions and spreading results to different stakeholders.
Originality/value
– The multi-step approach allowed us to identify core minimum CRM levels in a field where no consensus has been reached. Most standards may be easily adopted in other countries.
The economic impact of the Comrades Marathon Saayman, Melville; Saayman, Andrea
International journal of event and festival management,
10/2012, Letnik:
3, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Purpose - The Comrades Marathon is a world-renowned ultra marathon that takes place yearly between the cities of Pietermaritzburg and Durban in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It attracts athletes from ...around the world, and boasts a participation of more than 14,000. The purpose of this article is to determine the impact that this marathon has on the provincial economy - a manufacturing-based economy.Design methodology approach - Spending data of participants and their accompanying spectators were compiled by means of surveys and participants were split into categories based on their origin. The provincial Social Accounting Matrix is used to quantify the impact of this spending stimulus on production, income and job creation within the province.Findings - The results show that Comrades Marathon contributes significantly to the provincial economy and that more than 600 jobs are dependent on the event.Research limitations implications - It has a larger impact on the local economy than many similar sport events and this is attributed to the specialised nature of the event as well as its status as an ultra-marathon.Originality value - This research is one of few on ultra-marathons and the focus is on participants' spending behaviour during the event.
Development methodology of an engineering documents circulation system in the design company is reviewed. Discrete event-driven automatic models using description algorithms of project management is ...offered. Petri net use for dynamic design of projects is offered.
Sport E-government platform is an important means to share sports information resource, to promote sport administration and sport management information, to strengthen sport events management and ...sport venue construction. For the status of software development in platform building process, this paper studies software framework. First, according to the standards and norms of the national E-government construction, combines with the experience of the sport E-government construction, researches software functional framework; Second, researches SSH-MVC technical framework for developers to accomplish specific business processes on top of the frame; Finally, researches three-level security framework consisted by client, Web server, enterprise-grade information system. The content of this study, improves the level of sport E-government, reduces the technical requirements of developers, changes the traditional software development model.
The development of targeted therapies has revolutionized the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with new clinical trials and therapies consistently providing new information. ...This rapidly changing field mandates ongoing education for nursing professionals whose foremost priority is patient care.
This review aims to summarize the history and current status of targeted therapies for NSCLC, focusing on two types of drugs that have had the most impact to date.
The safety profiles of first- and second-generation EGFR and ALK inhibitors are described, and strategies for the management of the most commonly experienced adverse events are summarized. Information is also provided to help identify which patients might be eligible for treatment with EGFR or ALK inhibitors in addition to the implications of targeted therapies.
Therapies designed to target specific molecular features of individual tumor cells are one of the most important developments in treating NSCLC. The safety profiles of targeted therapies differ greatly from chemotherapy and present unique challenges to nurses. Education of nurses and patients on implementation of effective adverse event management and improvement in patient adherence will maximize the benefits of these drugs.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Purpose - The paper aims to introduce a framework within which to interpret and manage organisational events that have marketing significance. It also seeks to introduce associated concepts to ...further this area of study and practice.Design methodology approach - The paper introduces and appraises the marketing event landscape and goes on to examine the unique DNA of marketing events evaluating their specific relevance and role in the contemporary marketing environment. The final section of the paper explores a range of strategic event objectives as the starting point for event design, delivery, and evaluation. Couched between the author's previous and future (ongoing) empirical work in this area, this article provides much needed conceptual development.Findings - The framework provides a structured approach through which practitioners and academics can interpret and realise the value of marketing events. The discussion demonstrates that there exists a wide and rich array of organisational events that have marketing utility, marketing events is therefore an inclusive term. Underpinning the framework, and associated discussion, is how the marketing events feed into a wider marketing strategy. The connection between event objectives and marketing strategy is therefore pivotal, and is a prevailing theme of the paper.Originality value - The paper demonstrates how the inherent qualities of marketing events are very relevant given the contemporary marketing environment. Despite this, there is a lack of academic literature and events remain a poor relation to other forms of marketing communication. This detracts from them realising their potential as a relevant and high impact marketing delivery method. The models, concepts, and ideas in this paper are original, inspired by a range of fragmented literature relevant to the topic of marketing and events.
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