The concepts of risk, safety, and security have received substantial academic interest. Several assumptions exist about their nature and relation. Besides academic use, the words risk, safety, and ...security are frequent in ordinary language, for example, in media reporting. In this article, we analyze the concepts of risk, safety, and security, and their relation, based on empirical observation of their actual everyday use. The “behavioral profiles” of the nouns risk, safety, and security and the adjectives risky, safe, and secure are coded and compared regarding lexical and grammatical contexts. The main findings are: (1) the three nouns risk, safety, and security, and the two adjectives safe and secure, have widespread use in different senses, which will make any attempt to define them in a single unified manner extremely difficult; (2) the relationship between the central risk terms is complex and only partially confirms the distinctions commonly made between the terms in specialized terminology; (3) whereas most attempts to define risk in specialized terminology have taken the term to have a quantitative meaning, nonquantitative meanings dominate in everyday language, and numerical meanings are rare; and (4) the three adjectives safe, secure, and risky are frequently used in comparative form. This speaks against interpretations that would take them as absolute, all‐or‐nothing concepts.
The article examines the process of cultural adaptation of resettled persons concerning the cultural landscape and heritage. It is based on the example of the formerly German territories annexed to ...Poland after World War II (the Recovered Territories). The author analyses, how the unfamiliar elements of the cultural landscape were culturally reinterpreted and handled by the authorities and the new inhabitants. She focuses on the inscriptions of everyday use and studies their handling as spatial practices of resettlement which redefine ownership, belonging, and the past of the resettled territory (the arrival into the territory, stripping the landscape of the marks of its former identity, and imposing a new national identity). The study covers both top-down and bottom-up strategies of spatial adaptation analyzing them as instances of symbolic and physical violence inflicted on the past identity of the territory. The main forms of such violence, cultural reconstruction of heritage and physical ruination, had the effect of integrating the elements of the pre-resettlement culture into the post-resettlement one as ghostly presences: its illegible and subversive elements.
La ciencia evoluciona muy rápidamente convirtiéndose en base fundamental del desarrollo humano, por tano, anejar contenidos como la tabla periódica de los elementos químicos, son puntos neurálgicos ...para el desarrollo del estudiante, por lo que el docente debe aplicar estrategias pertinentes en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de la misma. El presente artículo se desarrolla con el propósito describir el alcance de la tabla periódica de los elementos químicos como herramienta científica para el aprendizaje y de uso en la vida cotidiana. Cabe destacar que el mismo responde a una investigación descriptiva de tipo documental-bibliográfico. Se concluye que, dicho contenido se encuentra en todos los aspectos de la vida. Es así como su contenido debe ser estudiado y comprendido, mediante el uso de diversas estrategias didácticas, lo cual permitirá al estudiante tener un desarrollo académico integral posibilitando que concientice la presencia de estos elementos en lo cotidiano.
As the number of historical urban cemeteries where interment is no longer available continues to grow, the everyday use and restorative benefit of these spaces (beyond commemoration and remembrance) ...is worthy of further exploration. This study primarily investigates the everyday use of two historical urban cemeteries in Edinburgh through behavioural observation (N = 185). We also explore further the relationships between cemetery qualities and perceived restorativeness through an interviewer-administered survey (N = 134) and face-to-face interviews (N = 24) at the sites. The survey findings showed that usage and aesthetics in the cemeteries were both significantly and positively associated with various restorative qualities including ‘being away’, ‘fascination’ and ‘compatibility’. The data provided from the interviews and behavioural observations complement the survey findings that the everyday use of urban cemeteries (i.e., using them as an alternative route for pedestrian journeys or simply walking the dog) could facilitate users’ mental restorative process. After controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, provision of facilities (e.g., benches and toilets) was found to have no significant association with any restorative qualities. Using a mixed method approach, this study provides a novel understanding of how the urban population uses, and perceives, old urban cemeteries in contemporary Scotland.
When people think of hackers, they usually think of a lone wolf acting with the intent to garner personal data for identity theft and fraud. But what about the corporations and government entities ...that use hacking as a strategy for managing risk? Why Hackers Win asks the pivotal question of how and why the instrumental uses of invasive software by corporations and government agencies contribute to social change. Through a critical communication and media studies lens, the book focuses on the struggles of breaking and defending the "trusted systems" underlying our everyday use of technology. It compares the United States and the European Union, exploring how cybersecurity and hacking accelerate each other in digital capitalism, and how the competitive advantage that hackers can provide corporations and governments may actually afford new venues for commodity development and exchange. Presenting prominent case studies of communication law and policy, corporate hacks, and key players in the global cybersecurity market, the book proposes a political economic model of new markets for software vulnerabilities and exploits, and clearly illustrates the social functions of hacking.
This article examines how ordinary people in rural and urban areas in Kenya ascribe meaning to their daily use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) including media in ever changing ...communication ecologies and how the use of new ICT interrelates with processes of sociocultural
change in everyday life. Taking as point of departure a semi-ethnographic social constructivist approach based on observations and semi-structured life world interviews the study presents an exploratory analytical bricolage around themes like power, knowledge and gender. The findings identify
a simultaneous and seamless integration of the different new media that lead to significant open-ended processes of sociocultural change characterized by complexities, ambiguities, continuities, ruptures and inertia rather than dramatic irreversible changes. These findings call for a new paradigm
in media studies focusing on communication ecologies and everyday uses of ICT where continuity and inertia are more seriously taken into accounts in processes of sociocultural change.
The problem of the translation of the expressions „ordinary language“ and „ordinary language philosophy“ is not only a question of language (how to translate it?), but also a question of philosophy ...(why was it called that way?). Therefore any translation must consider also philosophical reasons. Since Cmorej did not take these reasons into account, his translation fails to catch the meaning of the expressions. This essay offers few arguments about how we should understand the name of the philosophy and how we should translate it. The arguments are based on few examples of how Wittgenstein and Austin used it.
► We suggest a definition of rurality for physical planners and local rural actors. ► We suggest the smallest possible territorial unit that is well-defined spatially. ► Our definition of rurality ...includes a land-cover perspective. ► Our definition of rurality is easy to apply and communicate in everyday use. ► Our definition is more precise about the locality than the OECD definition.
The territorial approach to rural development highlights the role of local actors, networks, culture, nature and landscape amenities. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) definition of rurality is, however, not capable of dealing with local and community definitions of rurality, which vary from study to study. In everyday life, physical planners, rural policymakers and local rural actors need a consistent definition of rurality. The reason is that structural reforms have led to larger administrative units that have less experience-based knowledge about the individual rural communities within a municipality than do local authorities. In this article, we propose a consistent definition of rurality that is easy for physical planners, rural policy makers and local rural actors to understand and apply in everyday use. In addition, our definition will be able to deal with both the regional and the community approach to rurality. This definition is based on an interdisciplinary literature review that starts with land cover and geographical mapping. The definition is then applied to the case of Denmark.
Information and communication technology (ICT) use among children in low-income countries remains understudied. The purpose of this study is to describe laptop usage among children in the context of ...the One Laptop per Child (OLPC) project 4 years after the laptops were first introduced in a community in Madagascar. The study was conducted using a mixed-method approach combining analysis of ICT use history, empirical observations, and interviews with children and parents. In class, activities involving laptops-including educational games, information research, and the creation of texts and storyboards-were found to be aligned with existing classroom activities. Outside school, computers were found to be used in individual, group, or family settings to listen to music and watch videos, play games, share content, and do homework. The study also found that computers play a major role in everyday routines, opening up new possibilities in photography and video-making. The findings also indicate that computer usage encourages children to learn new literacies in which image plays a central role and new forms of self-expression if they are accompanied and supported by their family.
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