Attosecond Electron Dynamics in Molecules Nisoli, Mauro; Decleva, Piero; Calegari, Francesca ...
Chemical reviews,
08/2017, Letnik:
117, Številka:
16
Journal Article
Recenzirano
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Advances in attosecond science have led to a wealth of important discoveries in atomic, molecular, and solid-state physics and are progressively directing their footsteps toward problems of chemical ...interest. Relevant technical achievements in the generation and application of extreme-ultraviolet subfemtosecond pulses, the introduction of experimental techniques able to follow in time the electron dynamics in quantum systems, and the development of sophisticated theoretical methods for the interpretation of the outcomes of such experiments have raised a continuous growing interest in attosecond phenomena, as demonstrated by the vast literature on the subject. In this review, after introducing the physical mechanisms at the basis of attosecond pulse generation and attosecond technology and describing the theoretical tools that complement experimental research in this field, we will concentrate on the application of attosecond methods to the investigation of ultrafast processes in molecules, with emphasis in molecules of chemical and biological interest. The measurement and control of electronic motion in complex molecular structures is a formidable challenge, for both theory and experiment, but will indubitably have a tremendous impact on chemistry in the years to come.
In this study, the effects of diabetes mellitus on the cardiovascular system were investigated by assessing the stem cell levels in serum and heart and compared with the normal population. ...Additionally, efficacy of erythropoietin, which is known to increase stem cells, was studied in diabetic rats.
Twenty-five male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups as a control group (group 1), diabetic group (group 2) and erythropoietin induced diabetic group (group 3). A diabetes model was created with streptozocin. In group 3 rats received 3000 U/kg of erythropoietin. At the end of 1 month blood reticulocyte levels, degree of tissue fibrosis and immunohistochemical assessment of reliable stem cell markers, CD34 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), were analyzed.
The increase in the blood glucose levels resulted in a significant decrease in reticulocyte levels in group 2. The increase in blood glucose levels resulted in a statistically significant increase in tissue level of fibrosis, CD34 and VEGF. When the rats in groups 1 and 2 were compared, the fibrosis, CD34 and VEGF levels were found to increase significantly. When group 2 and group 3 were compared, the amount of fibrosis was lower and the levels of CD34 and VEGF were significantly higher in group 3 than group 2.
The results of our study indicated that the amount of CD34 and VEGF which function in cellular protection and tissue regeneration may be enhanced with safely applicable erythropoietin leading to increase in reticulocyte levels in serum, and CD34 and VEGF levels in right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle as a protective mechanism in diabetic rats.
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