Epidemiological studies have shown that vegetable consumption is inversely related to the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, research has indicated that many vegetables like potatoes, ...soybeans, sesame, tomatoes, dioscorea, onions, celery, broccoli, lettuce and asparagus showed great potential in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases, and vitamins, essential elements, dietary fibers, botanic proteins and phytochemicals were bioactive components. The cardioprotective effects of vegetables might involve antioxidation; anti-inflammation; anti-platelet; regulating blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipid profile; attenuating myocardial damage; and modulating relevant enzyme activities, gene expression, and signaling pathways as well as some other biomarkers associated to cardiovascular diseases. In addition, several vegetables and their bioactive components have been proven to protect against cardiovascular diseases in clinical trials. In this review, we analyze and summarize the effects of vegetables on cardiovascular diseases based on epidemiological studies, experimental research, and clinical trials, which are significant to the application of vegetables in prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Ultra-processed foods (UPF) are ubiquitous in the modern-day food supply and widely consumed. High consumption of these foods has been suggested to contribute to the development of obesity in adults. ...The purpose of this review is to present and evaluate current literature on the relationship between UPF consumption and adult obesity. Cross-sectional studies (n = 9) among different populations worldwide show a positive association between UPF consumption and obesity. Longitudinal studies (n = 7) further demonstrate a positive association between UPF consumption and development of obesity, suggesting a potential causal influence of UPF consumption on obesity risk. However, only one randomized controlled trial has tested the causality of this association. The study included in this review found greater energy intake and weight gain with consumption of a high UPF diet compared to a high unprocessed food diet. The potential mechanisms by which UPF increase the risk of obesity include increased energy intake due to increased sugar consumption, decreased fiber consumption, and decreased protein density; however, more research is needed. Overall, the evidence identified in the current review consistently support a positive relation between high UPF consumption and obesity. While there is a need for more experimental research to establish causality and elucidate the mechanisms, the sum of the evidence supports a need for research on treatment modalities that include reductions in UPF consumption for the management of adult obesity.
•High-speed hail impact experiments are performed on TC4 titanium alloy plate.•The FEM is utilized to simulate the influence of various factors after validation.•The change of hail diameter and ...velocity has great effect on the response of the plate, and the impact position has little effect on it.•There is a power-law relationship between the impact peak force and the impact velocity with an index of 1.912.
This work studied the dynamic response of hail impacting on TC4 titanium alloy plates under different influence factors. Experiments were performed according to China Civil Aviation Regulations Airworthiness Standards. The damage to the plate was recorded by in-situ cameras. The experimental results indicate that the greater the hail velocity, the more severe the damage to the titanium alloy plate. In the simulation, Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method was used to model the hail. The reliability of numerical model was verified by the comparison with the test results of hail impact response. The numerical results show that the deformation of the plate increases as the impact angle and hail diameter increases. Moreover, the changes in impact angle and position will both alter the displacement and strain distribution within the plate. Through comparative analysis of the impact velocity, hail diameter, impact angle, and impact position on the impact force peak, plastic strain energy, and maximum kinetic energy of the plate, it is found that changes of hail diameter and velocity have great effect on the response of titanium alloy plate, and the impact position has little effect on it. There is a power-law relationship between the hail impact peak force and the hail velocity with an index of 1.912.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects an estimated 1.7 million people in the United States and is a contributing factor to one third of all injury related deaths annually. According to the CDC, ...approximately 75% of all reported TBIs are concussions or considered mild in form, although the number of unreported mild TBIs (mTBI) and patients not seeking medical attention is unknown. Currently, classification of mTBI or concussion is a clinical assessment since diagnostic imaging is typically inconclusive due to subtle, obscure, or absent changes in anatomical or physiological parameters measured using standard magnetic resonance (MR) or computed tomography (CT) imaging protocols. Molecular imaging techniques that examine functional processes within the brain, such as measurement of glucose uptake and metabolism using (18)Ffluorodeoxyglucose and positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), have the ability to detect changes after mTBI. Recent technological improvements in the resolution of PET systems, the integration of PET with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and the availability of normal healthy human databases and commercial image analysis software contribute to the growing use of molecular imaging in basic science research and advances in clinical imaging. This review will discuss the technological considerations and limitations of FDG-PET, including differentiation between glucose uptake and glucose metabolism and the significance of these measurements. In addition, the current state of FDG-PET imaging in assessing mTBI in clinical and preclinical research will be considered. Finally, this review will provide insight into potential critical data elements and recommended standardization to improve the application of FDG-PET to mTBI research and clinical practice.
In this paper, on one hand, the time-varying characteristics of the heat source and thermal boundary conditions of the high-speed spindle system were analyzed considering the thermal-structural ...coupling effect. And a transient bearing temperature field prediction method combining the thermal network method and finite element method was proposed. Furthermore, the relationships between time step, calculation efficiency and calculation results were analyzed. On the other hand, a online real-time monitoring system of the transient temperature of the cylindrical roller bearing inner ring for maximum speed of 13,000 r/min was designed and implemented using fibre optic sensing technology. Comparing with the conventional static thermal analysis results, it is verified that the simulation method proposed in this paper has higher accuracy. This paper provides a new approach for analysing and testing the thermal characteristics of high-speed spindle system.
Facing the requirement of flameholding in a supersonic combustion chamber, a flameholding experiment under dual frequency excited plasma (DF excited plasma) was carried out in an axisymmetric ...supersonic combustion chamber. The flame establishment process was observed by using a high-speed-camera, and the flameholding characteristics with or without DF excited plasma were analyzed under different equivalence ratio(ER). The experimental results show that the flame will be enhanced by using dual-frequency excitation plasma in the supersonic combustion chamber: the flameholding mode was transformed from a global flame to a local flame, as well as the pressure of the combustion chamber was decreased significantly, when the DF excited plasma is switched off. In the ER range of 0.51 (0.18+0.33)∼0.60 (0.18+0.42), the DF excited plasma could induce a transformation from a local to a global flame, while if the ER is too high (ER>0.69 (0.18+0.51)) or too low (ER<0.18), the action of the DF excited plasma always couldn't. A basic feedback mechanism of the flameholding was proposed, with the consideration of the experimental results. The O radicals generated by the DF excited plasma was one important factors for flame reverse propagation, and the existence of the global flame was another necessary factor. Under the combined action of the O radicals of DF excited plasma and the global flame, the positive feedback process in the combustion chamber will be intensified, and the flame will propagate reversely.
•An experimental setup of single-stage compound air-source heat pump was built.•The regulations of operating modes and operating parameters were realized.•Irreversible loss in recuperator was the key ...factor for COP optimization.•COP of compound heat pump for producing 75℃ hot water at −30℃ reached 1.834.•The compound system had advantages over common-used systems in many respects.
Despite the wider applications of heat pump, conventional heat pumps face limitations in cold-region operations. To improve heating performance at low ambient temperatures, a single-stage compound air-source heat pump was innovatively built in this research. Through switching operating mode and regulating operating parameters, the performance of compound heat pump using CO2/R600a was experimentally investigated under different operating conditions. The influences of operating parameters on system performance were studied. Under supply/return water temperatures of 75℃/50℃, coefficient of performance (COP) of the compound heat pump varied from 1.834 to 2.574 when air inlet temperature varied from −30℃ to 0℃, and the thermodynamic perfection of the compound heat pump cycle was higher than 46% in experiment. The essential factor affecting performance was the irreversible loss in recuperator. Because of the effective utilization of the temperature glide of CO2/R600a, the compound heat pump was suitable for the condition with the supply/return water temperatures of 75℃/50℃. The energy efficiency and volumetric heating capacity of the compound heat pump using CO2/R600a were both higher than those of two-stage and cascade systems using R134a and R410A. The outstanding experimental results of the single-stage compound heat pump provide a promising and competitive solution for clean heating in cold regions, attributed to its environmental friendliness, simplicity and cost effectiveness.
We revisit the classic scaling model of a cylindrical polyelectrolyte (PE) brush focusing on molecular brushes with stiff backbones and dispersions of polymer-decorated nanorods. Based on the blob ...representation we demonstrate that similarly to the case of planar PE brushes, separation of intra- and intermolecular repulsions between charges leads to novel scaling regimes for cylindrical PE brushes in salt-added solution and a sharper decrease in its thickness
versus
salt concentration dependence. These theoretical predictions may inspire further comprehensive experimental research and computer simulations of synthetic and biopolyelectrolyte cylindrical brushes.
We revisit the classic scaling model of a cylindrical polyelectrolyte (PE) brush focusing on molecular brushes with stiff backbones and dispersions of polymer-decorated nanorods.
Electrochromic devices are applied extensively to camouflages, smart windows, heat insulation layers, and automobile rearview mirrors, etc. The amorphous WO3 is a very attractive electrochromic ...material, whereas it suffers from degradation of optical modulation and reversibility on ion exchange owing to those deep trapped ions with irreversible reaction behavior. Herein, we designed and, by using magnetron sputtering, prepared a composite film with TiO2/WO3/TiO2 double heterojunctions, which is capable of eliminating the deep trapped ions by itself under ultraviolet light (UV) assistance. The electrochromic device based on this composite film, after being recovery by short-time UV irradiation, can maintain a high transmission modulation of 94.72% after 7000 cycles of the voltammetry measurement. This feature allows the device to maintain its initial electrochromic performance after prolonged use. Moreover, the double heterojunction structure can reduce colouring time and enormously improve the colouration efficiency (CE) of electrochromic devices. Experimental research shows that when the thickness of the bottom and upper TiO2 layer of the WO3 film was 145.5 nm and 97.0 nm, respectively, the CE of electrochromic devices reached a perfectly high value (479.3 cm2/C), being much higher than that of WO3 devices (69.5 cm2/C). Functions of the TiO2/WO3/TiO2 double heterojunction in electrochromic device were investigated by combining theoretical analysis and experiment validation, and these results provide a general framework for developing and designing superior electrochromic materials and devices.
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