The influence of introducing substituents of increasing bulk in α position of tetracyclic imidazoline‐fused heteroazepinones on the course of hydrated imidazoline ring expansion (HIRE) reaction was ...established. Under certain conditions, substituted β‐aminoethanols can be used to obtain solely the ring expanded products from dibenzob,f1,4ox(thi)azepin‐11(10H)‐ones while with their unsubstituted counterparts, side chain expulsion was the only observable outcome.
On August 3, 1492, the same day that Columbus set sail from Spain, the long and glorious history of that nation's Jewish community officially came to a close. The expulsion of Europe's last major ...Jewish community ended more than a thousand years of unparalleled prosperity, cultural vitality and intellectual productivity. Yet, the crisis of 1492 also gave rise to a dynamic and resilient diaspora society spanning East and West. After Expulsion traces the various paths of migration and resettlement of Sephardic Jews and Conversos over the course of the tumultuous sixteenth century. Pivotally, the volume argues that the exiles did not become Sephardic Jews overnight. Only in the second and third generation did these disparate groups coalesce and adopt a Sephardic Jewish identity. After Expulsion presents a new and fascinating portrait of Jewish society in transition from the medieval to the early modern period, a portrait that challenges many longstanding assumptions about the differences between Europe and the Middle East.
The source of oil and gas in the Tarim Basin's platform has always been controversial. The Lower Cambrian Yurtusi Formation and the Xidashan Formation–Xishanbulak Formation argillaceous source rocks ...are an important set of oil source series in the basin. Based on the principle of conservation of matter, this paper calculates the hydrocarbon expulsion amount of the source rock. Using a phase state hydrocarbon expulsion amount characterization model, the paper reconstructs the evolution process of the hydrocarbon expulsion phase state of the source rock. According to the characterization model of hydrocarbon expulsion dynamics, the relative contribution of each force to hydrocarbon expulsion is evaluated. The hydrocarbon expulsion geologic model of argillaceous source rocks in the Lower Cambrian in the Tarim Basin is established. The results show that this set of source rocks can serve the main source rocks in the basin. The hydrocarbon expulsion of the Lower Cambrian argillaceous source rocks in the Tarim Basin can be divided into three stages. In the first stage, the hydrocarbon expulsion phase is dominated by the water‐soluble and diffusion phases. The conversion of clay minerals into dehydration and diffusion forces is the main driving force for the hydrocarbon expulsion. In the second stage, the oil and gas expulsion present the characteristics of multiphase and multidynamic coexistence. In the third stage, the phase state of oil and gas expulsion is mainly free phase. The capillary force difference and the thermal expansion force of the fluid rock are the main driving forces for oil and gas expulsion. The research results of this paper can deepen the understanding of the hydrocarbon expulsion mechanism of the set of source rocks, and then guide oil and gas exploration.
This paper obtains the hydrocarbon expulsion amount of the source rock. This paper restores the evolution process of the hydrocarbon expulsion phase state of the source rock. The relative contribution of each expulsion dynamics to hydrocarbon expulsion is evaluated.
In recent decades, K-12 school discipline policies and practices have garnered increasing attention among researchers, policymakers, and educators. Disproportionalities in school discipline raise ...serious questions about educational equity. This study provides a comprehensive review of the extant literature on the contributors to racial, gender, and income disparities in disciplinary outcomes, and the effectiveness of emerging alternatives to exclusionary disciplinary approaches. Our findings indicate that the causes of the disparities are numerous and multifaceted. Although low-income and minority students experience suspensions and expulsions at higher rates than their peers, these differences cannot be solely attributed to socioeconomic status or increased misbehavior. Instead, school and classroom occurrences that result from the policies, practices, and perspectives of teachers and principals appear to play an important role in explaining the disparities. There are conceptual and open empirical questions on whether and how some of the various alternatives are working to counter the discipline disparities.
To evaluate the method of immediate postpartum IUD (ppIUD) insertion (manual versus ring forceps) and expulsion rate within 6-week postpartum.
We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients ...who had a singleton vaginal delivery and an immediate ppIUD inserted at Rush University from January 2014 to September 2023. The primary outcome was rate of expulsion within 6-week postpartum. We compared the rate of expulsion by method of insertion, either using a manual technique versus using ring forceps. We performed univariable analysis for the association between baseline maternal characteristics and the primary outcome and we performed multivariable logistic regression to determine the independent association of the method of insertion and the primary outcome.
Two hundred nineteen patients met eligibility with 117 immediate ppIUDs inserted manually and 102 inserted with ring forceps. Baseline maternal demographics were similar across study groups. After adjusting for factors selected a priori (estimated blood loss, body mass index, gestational age at delivery, nulliparity, type of IUD), use of ring forceps was more likely to result in expulsion compared to manual insertion (30.4% vs 16.2% respectively; adjusted OR 2.49, 95% confidence interval 1.28–4.90).
In this retrospective analysis, insertion of immediate ppIUD with ring forceps was independently associated with an increased rate of expulsion within 6 weeks postpartum when compared to manual insertion.
In this setting, ring forceps was associated with high rates of immediate postpartum IUD expulsion compared to manual technique. Studies disagree, suggesting need for additional work.
To compare the incidence of expulsion for different copper intrauterine device (IUD) shapes.
We conducted a secondary analysis of the ongoing, prospective, non-interventional European Active ...Surveillance Study on LCS12 (EURAS-LCS12). Users of newly inserted IUDs were recruited in 10 European countries via a network of approximately 1,200 clinicians. We restricted the analysis to copper IUD users. In the main analysis, we classified copper IUDs by shape Nova-T frame, Tatum-T frame, Multiload frame, frameless IUDs and intrauterine balls, without differentiation of size. We calculated the cumulative incidence, crude, and adjusted hazard ratios for expulsion. Covariates included in the adjusted analyses were age, BMI, parity, education, income, IUD user status, marital status, length of device, heavy menstrual bleeding, and clinician’s experience.
We included 26,381 copper IUD users from the EURAS-LCS12 dataset for this study. The most frequently used IUD shape was the Nova-T frame (14,724 55.8%) followed by the Tatum-T frame (4,276 16.2%), frameless IUDs (3,374 12.8%), Multiload frame (2,962 11.2%), and intrauterine balls (IUBs) (1,045 4.0%). Cox regression analysis regarding expulsions yielded an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.8 (95% CI, 0.7-1.0), 1.3 (95% CI, 1.0-1.8), 1.6 (95% CI, 1.2-2.1) and 3.6 (95% CI, 2.7-4.9) for Nova-T frame IUD, frameless IUDs, Multiload frame IUDs and IUBs versus Tatum-T frame IUD, respectively.
The risk of expulsion following placement of a copper IUD is related to IUD shape, with Nova-T frame and Tatum-T frame IUDs demonstrating the lowest risk.
Our finding of a higher risk of expulsion observed with Multiload frame, frameless, and intrauterine ball copper IUDs compared to Tatum-T frame and Nova-T frame devices during real world use has clinical importance. Clinicians may choose to use these data when counseling patients.
Different propulsion mechanisms have been suggested for describing the motion of a variety of chemical micromotors, which have attracted great attention in the last decades due to their high ...efficiency and thrust force, enabling several applications in the fields of environmental remediation and biomedicine. Bubble‐recoil based motion, in particular, has been modeled by three different phenomena: capillary forces, bubble growth, and bubble expulsion. However, these models have been suggested independently based on a single influencing factor (i.e., viscosity), limiting the understanding of the overall micromotor performance. Therefore, the combined effect of medium viscosity, surface tension, and fuel concentration is analyzed on the micromotor swimming ability, and the dominant propulsion mechanisms that describe its motion more accurately are identified. Using statistically relevant experimental data, a holistic theoretical model is proposed for bubble‐propelled tubular catalytic micromotors that includes all three above‐mentioned phenomena and provides deeper insights into their propulsion physics toward optimized geometries and experimental conditions.
A new holistic theoretical model implying the switching and coexistence of propulsion mechanisms for conical catalytic micromotors is proposed. The model combines the already reported mechanisms based on capillary forces, bubble growth, and bubble expulsion phenomena in one single approach, allowing for an adequate description of the experimentally detected micromotor dynamics.
For over 15 years, researchers have described a crisis in early learning classrooms in the United States. Hundreds of children are expelled from child-care programs and preschools every day, a rate ...nearly three times that of kindergarten-12th grade students. While policymakers have taken steps to mitigate this crisis, disparities in who is expelled persist. Boys and Black children are routinely over-represented among those pushed out of the exact environments supposed to help prepare them for school. Each child's expulsion is symptomatic of a larger crisis--an overburdened, underfunded, undervalued, and fragmented early education system. "No Longer Welcome" starts a critical conversation between and across sectors of the early childhood field. Parents, teachers, preschool administrators, researchers, and policymakers all have a role to play in ensuring that all children have the opportunity to be retained in high-quality early care and education settings. Drawing on research and interviews with teachers, program administrators, parents, and policymakers, this book presents a detailed description of the myriad of factors contributing to the expulsion crisis. "No Longer Welcome" offers a compelling argument for the importance of ending the practice of excluding young children and outlines roles that each and every member of the field (from classroom aide to legislator) must play in sustaining this change.
Una medida representativa de la 'chilenización' de la Provincia de Tacna fue la expulsión de los sacerdotes peruanos en 1910 por no solicitar al gobierno chileno un permiso para ejercer sus funciones ...religiosas. Este artículo analiza la historiografía referida a esa expulsión, buscando huellas biográfcas del cura del pueblo de Codpa, Juan Indacochea, uno de los afectados. El vacío narrativo sobre su persona intenta remediarse con la presentación de tres procesos judiciales contra él. Uno por inhumación indebida (1905), otro por cuestiones aparentemente morales (1908), y un tercero por usurpación de funciones públicas (1909). En las conclusiones refexionamos sobre la necesidad de renovar el estudio de este fenómeno religioso, político y mediático, diversifcando las fuentes, para así conocer los aspectos humanos de Indacochea y los demás curas, así como las relaciones sociales que tejieron en los territorios disputados entre Chile y Perú donde ejercieron su ministerio.
PDF
