This qualitative case study explored a community–university partnership for teacher preparation with an urban Indigenous community organization. The study examined the roles of Indigenous community ...partners as co-teacher educators working to better prepare teachers for the needs of urban Indigenous children and communities. The author collected data through focus groups with Indigenous participants before and after engagement with the partnership, direct observations of partnership activities where Indigenous participants interacted with teacher candidates and university faculty, and offered individual interviews for all participants. Indigenous Postcolonial Theory (IPT) guided this research and offered a lens to examine the perspectives of urban Indigenous community members engaged as co-teacher educators in field-based teacher preparation. This study held implications for continued development of Indigenous community–university partnerships and furthering the role of community leaders in teacher preparation to advance efforts of Indigenous postcolonialism through self-education.
•We conduct the first natural field experiment to explore the relationship between the “meaningfulness” of a task and worker effort.•We found that increasing the meaningfulness of a task increased ...the quantity of output with no change in quality.•We found that decreasing the meaningfulness of a task decreased the quality of output with no change in quantity.•Our study introduces MTurk as an exciting platform for running natural field experiments in economics.
We conduct the first natural field experiment to explore the relationship between the “meaningfulness” of a task and worker effort. We employed about 2500 workers from Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk), an online labor market, to label medical images. Although given an identical task, we experimentally manipulated how the task was framed. Subjects in the meaningful treatment were told that they were labeling tumor cells in order to assist medical researchers, subjects in the zero-context condition (the control group) were not told the purpose of the task, and, in stark contrast, subjects in the shredded treatment were not given context and were additionally told that their work would be discarded. We found that when a task was framed more meaningfully, workers were more likely to participate. We also found that the meaningful treatment increased the quantity of output (with an insignificant change in quality) while the shredded treatment decreased the quality of output (with no change in quantity). We believe these results will generalize to other short-term labor markets. Our study also discusses MTurk as an exciting platform for running natural field experiments in economics.
Scholars have recently begun to investigate job design as one of the contingencies that moderates1 the performance effects of transformational leadership in public sector organizations. Drawing on ...this stream of research, we used a completely randomized true experimental research design to explore the potential of two extra-task job characteristics–beneficiary contact and self-persuasion interventions–to enhance the effects of transformational leadership on public employee performance. The participants in our field experiment were 138 nurses at a public hospital in Italy. Whereas participants who were exposed to transformational leadership manipulation alone marginally outperformed a control group, the performance effects of transformational leadership were much greater among nurses who were also exposed to either beneficiary contact or self-persuasion interventions. Follower perceptions of pro-social impact partially mediated2 the positive interaction of transformational leadership and each of the two job design features on job performance. Moreover, the performance effects of transformational leadership and the interaction effects of transformational leadership and each of the two job design features were greater among participants who self-reported higher levels of public service motivation. The implications of the experimental findings for public administration research and theory are discussed.
Why are politicians more likely to advance the interests of those of their race? I present a field experiment demonstrating that black politicians are more intrinsically motivated to advance blacks' ...interests than are their counterparts. Guided by elite interviews, I emailed 6,928 U.S. state legislators from a putatively black alias asking for help signing up for state unemployment benefits. Crucially, I varied the legislators' political incentive to respond by randomizing whether the sender purported to live within or far from each legislator's district. While nonblack legislators were markedly less likely to respond when their political incentives to do so were diminished, black legislators typically continued to respond even when doing so promised little political reward. Black legislators thus appear substantially more intrinsically motivated to advance blacks' interests. As political decision making is often difficult for voters to observe, intrinsically motivated descriptive representatives play a crucial role in advancing minorities' political interests.
Current scholarship has explored how the carceral state governs and regulates populations. This literature has focused on prison and on the wide-reaching collateral consequences of a felony ...conviction. Despite the obvious importance of these findings, they capture only a portion of the criminal justice system's operations. In most jurisdictions, misdemeanors, not felonies, constitute the bulk of criminal cases, and the number of such arrests is rising. This article explores a puzzling fact about New York City's pioneering experiment in mass misdemeanor arrests: the preponderance result in no finding of guilt and no assignment of formal punishment. Drawing on two years of fieldwork, this article explores how the criminal justice system functions to regulate significant populations without conviction or sentencing. The author details the operation of penal power through the techniques of marking through criminal justice record keeping, the procedural hassle of case processing, and mandated performance evaluated by court actors to show the social control capacity of the criminal justice system. Adapted from the source document.
What determines reciprocity in employment relations? We conducted a controlled field experiment to measure the extent to which monetary and nonmonetary gifts affect workers' performance. We find that ...nonmonetary gifts have a much stronger impact than monetary gifts of equivalent value. We also observe that when workers are offered the choice, they prefer receiving money, but reciprocate as if they received a nonmonetary gift. This result is consistent with the common saying, "it's the thought that counts." We underline this point by showing that monetary gifts can effectively trigger reciprocity if the employer invests more time and effort into the gift's presentation. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
Abstract
Date Presented Accepted for AOTA INSPIRE 2021 but unable to be presented due to online event limitations.
This study examined how OT practitioners prepare for the role of fieldwork educator. ...Supports to facilitate the role and barriers to the utilization of fieldwork education tools were identified. Comparison of practice settings noted statistically significant differences. The results of this study will serve to inform the process by which OT practitioners engage in professional learning to support their competency as fieldwork educators.
Primary Author and Speaker: Pamela Karp
Additional Authors and Speakers: Kelly Lavin, Tara Collins
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•A new data acquisition strategy for geo-exploratory data are presented.•A machine learning algorithm is utilized in practical field geological mapping.•The LightGBM algorithm is ...effectively integrated with field geological mapping.
Geological mapping, as the fundamental core of geological research and investigation, provides indispensable basic understanding and exploration data for mineral prospecting, disaster prevention and control, and other related fields. The emergence of big data algorithms and models, such as machine learning and deep learning, has brought new assistance to the task of geological mapping. By utilizing these advanced technologies, long-term accumulated exploratory data has been deeply mined and analyzed, significantly enriching the information obtained through conventional mapping methods and laying a solid foundation for subsequent research. However, challenges faced by machine learning in the field of geological mapping are gradually being recognized: the vast demand for data volume, interference from irrelevant information, the “black box” problem, limitations in computing power, algorithm applicability, and data security, among others. To address these challenges, this study takes the Duolong mineral district, Tibet, China, a region with a high degree of exploration, as an example, assuming it to be a blank area without mapping, and attempts to integrate the light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) algorithm into the field geological mapping process. Firstly, based on remote sensing data, the distribution of alteration was identified to design the initial mapping route. Subsequently, geological units along the route were labeled, and the model was trained using geochemical sampling point data and remote sensing data as feature inputs. During the model prediction stage, the probability distribution obtained through the Softmax function was utilized to guide the subsequent design and planning of field mapping routes. After five iterations, based on field mapping that covers 20% of the entire area, 90% of the lithological units were successfully predicted. This study explores an effective combination of machine learning algorithms with field geological mapping that establishes a new method for field geological mapping based on machine learning. It not only improves the efficiency and accuracy of mapping but also provides a new strategy for balancing geological work with structured data acquisition.
The purpose of this study was to gain information on the current status of fieldwork training facilities to understand facilitators of and barriers to fieldwork education, including fieldwork ...educators' perceptions of benefits, challenges, and valued supports.
A descriptive, nonexperimental exploratory design was used. A pilot survey was conducted, and a revised online survey, consisting of 49 items, was distributed nationwide in Fall 2013.
Opportunity to update practice was the most commonly perceived benefit associated with fieldwork, and workload or time was the greatest perceived challenge. Readiness and high-quality preparation of students by academic programs were the most valued supports. Participants also identified preferred time frames and supervisory models of fieldwork education.
Interpretation of these data provides valuable information for the profession, notably academic programs, regarding needs and resources to foster collaborative relationships with fieldwork facilities to meet the growing need for fieldwork education.
Social network and ethnolinguistic vitality have been separately studied in various language constellations with different speech communities and participant profiles so far. However, studies ...focusing on the interplay between social networks and ethnolinguistic vitality are quite scarce, even though the number of endangered languages is increasing in number. Adopting a mixed-hybrid model involving social network theory and ethnolinguistic vitality, this study aims to investigate whether the interplay between language vitality and language use in constructing or maintaining social networks could be observed in Khalaj-Persian by observing 26 multilingual Khalaj-Persian individuals. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews, field work notes, and a language use questionnaire. The effect of generational difference was also manipulated by dividing the participants into three generation groups (older, middle-aged, and younger) based on their ages. The findings revealed that there was an intimate relation between language use in networking and ethnolinguistic vitality for predicting language endangerment with its limitations. The intergenerational analysis showed that the older participants were more inclined to use their heritage language, i.e., Khalaj, with Khalaj-speaking individuals whenever possible, while the younger participants tended to use Persian predominantly in their social networks.
Toplumdilbilim alanında, toplumsal ağ ve etnodilbilimsel canlılık konuları şimdiye kadar farklı konuşma toplulukları ve katılımcı profilleri ile çeşitli dil kümelerinde ayrı ayrı incelenmiştir. Ancak, ilgili alanyazında sosyal ağ ve etnodilbilimsel canlılık arasındaki etkileşimin yok olma tehlikesi altındaki dillere odaklanan çalışmaların sayısı göreceli olarak azdır. Bu çalışma, (toplumsal ağ ve etnodilbilimsel canlılık kuramlarını içeren) karma bir model önermektedir. Bu doğrultuda, bu çalışma toplumsal ağların oluşumu veya sürdürülmesinde dil canlılığı ile dil kullanımı arasındaki etkileşimini odağına alarak, 26 çok dilli Halaçça-Farsça katılımcıyı inceleyerek söz konusu çok dilli ortamda oluşup oluşmadığını incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmadaki veriler yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler, alan araştırması notları ve dil kullanım anketi yoluyla toplanmıştır. Katılımcılar yaşlarına göre üç kuşak grubuna (yaşlı, orta yaşlı ve genç) ayrılmış ve böylece kuşağın etkisinin ortaya çıkartılması hedeflenmiştir. Çalışma verilerinden elde edilen bulgular, toplumsal ağ oluşturma aşamasında dil kullanımı ve toplumsal etkenlerin dilin tehlikeye girmesini öngörmesi açısından etnodilbilimsel canlılık bağlamında yakın bir ilişki olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Kuşaklararası analiz ise, daha yaşlı katılımcıların mümkün olduğunca Halaçça konuşan bireylerle birlikte miras dillerini, yani Halaççayı kullanmaya daha meyilli olduklarına; genç katılımcıların ise sosyal ağlarında ağırlıklı olarak Farsça kullanmaya eğilimli olduklarına işaret etmektedir.
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