Field work ethics in biological research Costello, Mark J.; Beard, Karen H.; Corlett, Richard T. ...
Biological conservation,
November 2016, 2016-11-00, 20161101, 2016-11, Letnik:
203
Journal Article
Teaching, Learning, and Leading Heineke, Amy J.; Ryan, Ann Marie; Tocci, Charles
Journal of teacher education,
09/2015, Letnik:
66, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Within the current federal, state, and local contexts of educational reform, teachers must be recognized as central actors in policy work, but rarely do we explicitly consider preparing teachers to ...become policy actors. Understanding these implications for teacher education, we investigate teacher candidates’ learning of the complexity and dynamism of educational policy through a field-based teacher preparation program. Situated across four unique school contexts in the diverse neighborhoods of Chicago, Illinois, we qualitatively study the cases of eight teacher candidates as they explore policy in practice. We found that candidates developed enduring understandings about policy as complex, situated, and multilayered, as well as the central role of the teacher. This learning was mediated by multiple facets of the field-based module, including readings, panels, and observations. Implications center on the use of field-based teacher education to support policy-related learning and development.
There are critical disjunctures between aspects of everyday behaviour in the field and the University's institutional frameworks that aim to guide/enforce good ethical practice, as the conduct of ...fieldwork is always contextual, relational, embodied, and politicized. This paper argues that it is important to pay greater attention to issues of reflexivity, positionality and power relations in the field in order to undertake ethical and participatory research. Drawing from international fieldwork experience, the paper posits that such concerns are even more important in the context of multiple axes of difference, inequalities, and geopolitics, where the ethics and politics involved in research across boundaries and scales need to be heeded and negotiated in order to achieve more ethical research practices. Reprinted by permission of the author
Songs have their specific circulation area in the process of their development. Due to the geographical background, local language dialects, and varying social background, the style and ...characteristics of songs in various places are revealing specific characteristics. The lyrics of these songs are based on the people´s spoken dialects. Therefore, various dialects´ voices, the ways of making them sound, local accents, terms used and exclamations, have been brought into these songs, thereby forming regional differences of songs to some extent.
This study is based on intense field work undertaken in the past few years. It deals with ways of singing in Napo County and Funing County in the South of China.
Companies have increasingly shifted from innovation initiatives that are centered on internal resources to those that are centered on external networks (said another way, a shift from firm-centric ...innovation to network-centric innovation). In this paper, we combine insights from product development and network theory with evidence from an extensive field study to describe the nature of a hub firm's orchestration processes in network-centric innovation. Our analysis indicates that network orchestration processes reflect the interplay between elements of innovation design and network design. Promising directions for future research related to network-centric innovation are discussed.
Online labor markets have great potential as platforms for conducting experiments. They provide immediate access to a large and diverse subject pool, and allow researchers to control the experimental ...context. Online experiments, we show, can be just as valid—both internally and externally—as laboratory and field experiments, while often requiring far less money and time to design and conduct. To demonstrate their value, we use an online labor market to replicate three classic experiments. The first finds quantitative agreement between levels of cooperation in a prisoner’s dilemma played online and in the physical laboratory. The second shows—consistent with behavior in the traditional laboratory—that online subjects respond to priming by altering their choices. The third demonstrates that when an identical decision is framed differently, individuals reverse their choice, thus replicating a famed Tversky-Kahneman result. Then we conduct a field experiment showing that workers have upward-sloping labor supply curves. Finally, we analyze the challenges to online experiments, proposing methods to cope with the unique threats to validity in an online setting, and examining the conceptual issues surrounding the external validity of online results. We conclude by presenting our views on the potential role that online experiments can play within the social sciences, and then recommend software development priorities and best practices.
A month-long field experiment evaluated the impact of descriptive social norm information on self-reported reduction of private vehicle use. Following a baseline week, participants were asked to ...reduce their vehicle use by 25% and were randomly assigned to a control condition or to a low or high social norm condition in which they received information that either under- or over-reported others’ successful efforts to switch to sustainable transportation. Results indicated a significant linear trend, such that messages highlighting more prevalent descriptive social norms increased sustainable transportation behavior (relative to private vehicle use) for commuting, but not non-commuting, purposes. Participants in the high social norm condition decreased their commuting-related private vehicle use by approximately five times, compared with baseline. Car-use message campaigns can reduce private vehicle use by highlighting descriptive norms about others’ sustainable transportation efforts, but these messages appear to be most effective for commuting behavior.
Abstract
Diel migrations of zooplanktons occur in marine and freshwater systems and can complicate inferences from studies. If populations perform vertical or horizontal diel migrations, daytime-only ...sampling can mischaracterize distributions and abundances. Zooplanktons also often display reduced capture avoidance at night and occupy areas easier to sample near the surface and away from littoral structure and the benthos. We examined zooplankton abundance, water column position and taxonomic composition during daytime and nighttime new moon periods using discrete depth sampling in oligo-mesotrophic reservoirs in Oregon, USA. These reservoirs have limited littoral structures, but support populations of zooplanktivorous fishes that we expected to drive diel vertical migrations. Contrary to our expectations, at night, most zooplankton taxa were within 2 m of their daytime distributional peak and did not display differences in abundance from day to night sampling. We consider factors that may help predict whether diel vertical migration occurs in a system. Where daytime sampling is sufficient to characterize zooplankton densities and distributions, costs and risks specific to nighttime sampling may be avoided. Improving our knowledge of zooplankton dynamics, particularly in ecosystems with limited diurnal variability, is an important part of understanding lake and reservoir food webs and can optimize the efforts of future studies.
In this essay I consider lessons learned working in collaboration with the people of Pinhook, Missouri and with my former teacher and current research partner, Elaine Lawless, in the years following ...a terrible human-made disaster. Considering the complexities of positionality in ethnographic research and the specific challenges of our collaboration with the displaced residents of Pinhook, this essay analyses a specific moment of disjuncture between the way key research collaborators came to understand their experience of displacement and recovery, and our understanding of it as researchers and presumed advocates. Accepting the failure inherent in ethnographic research moments such as this one--indeed in the very relationships we engage in with our research collaborators themselves--I offer the beginnings of an approach to that work that embraces failure as an inevitable, necessary, and even productive part of it.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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