Purpose: This study investigated the effects of the EU carding system for IUU fishing on its trading partners carded for illegal fishing practices, with the purpose of analyzing the extent to which ...the carding system affected trade between the EU and third countries identified and penalized for IUU fishing, and to identify factors influencing the likelihood of card removal. Design/methodology/approach: The study used fishery and aquaculture trade data from 2004 to 2020 from the European Market Observatory for Fisheries and Aquaculture Products on 26 carded countries. Major analytic tools applied in this study include OLS, Panel Random Effect, Logit and Probit Models. Findings: The study confirmed that being carded by the EU for IUU fishing significantly negatively impacted countries' fishery trade flows, especially in the case of red cards. Furthermore, increases in capture of wild fish and corruption reduced the likelihood of having the card removed. Research limitations/implications: An important limitation of this study is that it did not account for the influence of other major industry players (such as Japan, USA, China) on the country's overall trade flows. Notwithstanding, it explored how certain variables reduced the likelihood of card removal, finding that countries with higher levels of corruption and fish capture were less likely to have their cards revoked, putting them at a further disadvantage. The findings are especially important in the context of the fishing industry which supports local economies in many developing countries that are usually the target of such coercive measures. Restricted trade flows are especially damaging to small-scale fishers who are often forgotten in the global fight against IUU fishing. This study brings attention to the carding system's potential for trade disruptions and future applications of this sanctioning mechanism should take this under advisement. Originality/value: Studies of the EU carding system's produced effects remain scarce, with existing ones focusing either on individual countries or on the mechanism's general potential for curbing IUU fishing. Considering the global nature of the fishing industry and the harmful potential of the carding system for vulnerable coastal communities, this study attempted to achieve a broader and more in-depth understanding of the EU carding system's effects by examining all countries that were carded for IUU fishing from the enforcement of the IUU Regulation until 2020.
La actividad de la pesca, produce identificación y conocimientos del oficio en un contexto dado. En este artículo se presentan 2 estudios de casos : 1) Trabajadoras en proceso de transformación de ...ostiones, 2) Operadores de descarga de pescado, en otra empresa pesquera. Ambas situaciones se analizan desde el modelo centrado en la persona en actividad, los cuales se llevaron a cabo mediante el esquema de la intervención ergonómica, presentando las siguientes etapas de la intervención : Análisis de la demanda ; Prediagnóstico ; y Propuesta de la intervención. Las actividades estudiadas, muestran las inequidades vinculadas a los determinantes de la actividad, como la organización del trabajo, el pago mediante bonos de producción, el trabajo temporal. Ambas empresas, en el territorio, generan el desarrollo de conocimientos y habilidades que son transmitidas en generaciones. representan para las personas la única fuente estable de ingresos, pero llevándolas a realizar un compromiso con su salud.
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PurposeThis paper explores how conflicting institutional logics shape the behaviors of macro- and micro-level actors in their use of a calculative practice. Thereby, this paper explains how ...quantification can undermine the intended purpose of a governance system based on a single number.Design/methodology/approachThe study draws upon the literature on calculative practices and institutional logics to present the case of how a single number—specifically the conversion factor for Atlantic Cod, established by macro-level actors for the purposes of governance within the Norwegian fishing industry—is interpreted and used by micro-level actors in the industry. The study is based on documents, field observations and interviews with fishers, landing facilities, and control authorities.FindingsThe use of the conversion factor, while intended to protect fish stock and govern industry actions, does not always align with the institutional logics of micro-level actors. Especially during the winter season, these actors may seek to serve their interests, leading to potential system gaming. The reliance on a single number that overlooks seasonal nuances can motivate unintended behaviors, undermining the governance system’s intentions.Originality/valueIntegrating the literature on calculative practices with an institutional logics perspective, this study offers novel insights into the challenges of using quantification for the governance of complex industries. In particular, the paper reveals that when the logics of macro- and micro-level actors conflict in a single-number governance system, unintended outcomes arise due to a domination of the macro-level logics.
The article describes the development of the fishing industry in Kamchatka, Sakhalin, and Magadan regions in 1965-1985. In a general historical context, the article pays attention to the ...modernization processes in the fishery of the northern regions of the Far Eastern territory, emphasizing general trends and differences in their dynamics. The special importance and level of development of the material and technical base of the fishing industry is noted. The article reveals the working conditions of ship repair enterprises and the reasons for the financial deficit of ship repair. Statistical data on the accident rate of fishing vessels of the branch administrations of Kamchatka, Sakhalin, and Magadan are analyzed. The results of the introduction of 200-mile economic zones that complicated the fishing activities of enterprises and the fleet of the fishing industry in the northern regions of the Soviet Far East are shown. It was found that social and economic experiments in the late Soviet period and modernization, which was carried out from above by the political elite, did not eliminate disproportions in the development of the fishery. Territorial remoteness, difficulties of timely material and technical supply and ship repair and maintenance problems were difficult-to-overcome challenges which accelerated the systemic crisis in the fishery.
L' Examen de l'OCDE des pcheries 2020 vise appuyer les dcideurs et les acteurs du secteur dans les efforts qu'ils dploient pour que la pche soit durable et rsiliente et pour qu'elle puisse ainsi ...procurer des emplois, des produits alimentaires et des moyens de subsistance aux gnrations futures. Il se fonde sur une mise jour et une analyse de la base de donnes de l'OCDE sur l'estimation du soutien la pche et l'aquaculture (ESPA), qui constitue l'ensemble de donnes l'chelle nationale le plus complet, dtaill et cohrent sur le soutien public la pche. Il contient en outre une prsentation et une analyse de nouvelles donnes sur la sant des stocks, sur la gestion des principaux stocks ayant un intrt commercial et sur la gouvernance des pches dans les pays de l'OCDE et conomies mergentes o le secteur halieutique est important. Ce rapport apporte un clairage sur ce que font les pouvoirs publics pour limiter au minimum les impacts prjudiciables de la pche sur les ressources et les cosystmes, liminer la pche illgale, non dclare et non rglemente (INN) et accrotre les avantages socioconomiques de l'activit. Il suggre des actions prioritaires au niveau national et pour la communaut internationale.
The Thai fishing industry has been under close scrutiny for conditions faced by fishing boat workers, yet data are scarce with regards to occupational safety and health (OSH) among its workers. The ...objectives of this study are to describe: i) water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) conditions, and; ii) OSH conditions faced by migrant fishing boat workers in Thailand. We conducted a mixed-methods study with a quantitative survey in 200 migrant fishing boat workers and focus group discussions with 11 workers and 6 stakeholders in southern Thailand. We analyzed quantitative and qualitative data using descriptive statistics and content analysis, respectively. Nearly all participants (95.0%) reported that drinking water on board was stored in a sealed container, but only 5.5% of participants reported that there was latrine on board for defecation. Nearly all participants reported proper storage of objects on board, although findings on maintenance varied. Use of personal protective equipment was scarce as equipments obstruct the workers’ movement. The findings highlighted areas where improvements in WASH and OSH are needed. However, caveats regarding potential information bias and lack of generalizability should be considered in the interpretation of the study findings.
Chitosan is a cationic polymer obtained by deacetylation of chitin, found abundantly in crustacean, insect, arthropod exoskeletons, and molluscs. The process of obtaining chitin by the chemical ...extraction method comprises the steps of deproteinization, demineralization, and discoloration. To obtain chitosan, the deacetylation of chitin is necessary. These polymers can also be extracted through the biological extraction method involving the use of microorganisms. Chitosan has biodegradable and biocompatible properties, being applied in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, biomedical, chemical, and textile industries. Chitosan and its derivatives may be used in the form of gels, beads, membranes, films, and sponges, depending on their application. Polymer blending can also be performed to improve the mechanical properties of the bioproduct. This review aims to provide the latest information on existing methods for chitin and chitosan recovery from marine waste as well as their applications.
Large amounts of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) have, and continue to be, released into the freshwater ecosystems of Pakistan. However, there is limited information available on the ecological ...risk of PTEs from sediments and fish consumption, for both the general population and fishermen, at the national scale in Pakistan. In this study, water, sediments and fish samples were collected from major rivers (Chenab, Upper Indus, Lower Indus and Kabul) across Pakistan and analyzed through Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP–MS), Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy ICP–AES and Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry (AFS), respectively. Ecological risk analysis of sediments revealed that Cd posed a high ecological risk in the Upper Indus and Chenab, a considerable risk in the Lower Indus, and moderate risk in the Kabul. The target hazard quotient of As through fish tissue consumption exceeded safety levels for fishermen at all the rivers, where Cd exceeded at Upper Indus and Chenab, and Pb for Chenab fishermen only. For the general population, PTE ingestion through fish tissues was within the safety limits at all rivers. Meanwhile, the total target hazard quotient in all three rivers exceeded the safety limit, representing a high risk for the fishermen of Pakistan. The results show that ecological risk and target hazard quotient assessment not only provides valuable information for future research in terms of PTE contamination in the major rivers of Pakistan, but also all the metal pollutants from rivers finally reach to Arabian Sea, therefore might pose a risk to marine ecosystem at national and international scale.
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•Water, sediments and fish of Chenab, Indus and Kabul rivers analyzed for toxic metals.•Ecological risk of PTEs from sediments and fish consumption was assessed.•The ecological risk index of Cd and As was higher than other elements.•Hazard quotient of As and Cd via fish ingestion exceeded safety levels for fishermen.•Total target hazard quotient also exceeded safety limits for fishermen in all the rivers.
There is a potential to alleviate food scarcity by intelligently using the byproducts from agriculture, livestock and fisheries. Therefore, there is a need to utilize the byproducts from agriculture ...and seafood industry while continually cultivating these two industries. There is a wide range of products which can be manufactured using byproducts from agricultural and fishery wastes. The end products manufactured from fishery and agricultural byproducts include biofuels, building materials, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, etc.This book essentially contains a detailed discussion about environmental friendly approaches to develop value-added products in the domains of food security Internationally recognized author has contributed insightful and engaging chapters on a broad selection of plant and animal byproducts, discoursing the real-world business of byproduct retrieval within the dynamic contexts of fluctuating socio-economic distresses. This book can be used as a ready reference for all the readers who intend to get a deep insight into agricultural and fishery byproducts. Moreover, this book is also equipped with fundamental byproduct conversion technologies.
Japan boasts a long history of production and consumption of skipjack-tuna products, an important source of the umami flavor characteristic of Japanese cuisine. After Taiwan's incorporation into the ...Japanese Empire in 1895, the colonial authorities surveyed aquatic resources around Taiwan and introduced modern methods for catching skipjack tuna and producing dried skipjack-tuna flakes (known in Japanese as katsuobushi). The Japanese colonial government incorporated Taiwan into its broader system of aquatic industry modernization by performing three major feats: developing a labor force for the aquatic industry, importing new aquatic technologies, and establishing skipjacktuna factories. As a result, katsuobushi produced in Taiwan ("Taiwan bushi") became a symbol of Japan's imperial technology in Taiwan. At the end of the Second World War, the Japanese were forced out of Taiwan, but skipjack-tuna products' production technology and dietary culture became common components of Taiwan's daily diet. The present st
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