Plyometric training (PT) is an effective training method for improving physical fitness among trained individuals; however, its impact on health-related physical fitness in untrained participants ...remains ambiguous. Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of PT on health-related physical fitness among untrained participants. Six electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL Plus, MEDLINE Complete, Web of Science Core Collection, SCOPUS, and SPORTDiscus) were systematically searched until March 2024. We included controlled trials that examined the effects of PT on health-related physical fitness indices in untrained participants. Twenty-one studies were eligible, including a total of 1263 participants. Our analyses revealed small to moderate effects of PT on body mass index, muscular strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, and flexibility (ES = 0.27-0.61; all p > 0.05). However, no significant effects were detected for body fat percentage and lean mass (ES = 0.21-0.41; all p > 0.05). In conclusion, the findings suggest that PT may be potentially effective in improving health-related physical fitness indices (i.e., body mass index, muscular strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, and flexibility) in untrained participants. However, the results should be interpreted cautiously due to data limitations in some fitness variables.
An Athletic Trainer's Guide to Sports Nutrition
fills the void of a subject area that is under-represented in current athletic trainer curriculums despite its importance in the field.
Damon Amato has ...created a text that can be easily read and understood by health care professionals yet is in-depth enough to create a solid understanding of how the body works, making it easy to then pass on the information to athletes to help them eat ideally based on their specific sport, goal, and situation.
Giving a physiology background is necessary to lay the foundation for understanding why certain recommendations in the text are given; however, only the necessary details are included to focus on what is pertinent for athletic trainers to understand while advising athletes.
Some topics covered inside:
Basics of human nutrition
Disordered eating and eating disorders in athletes
Supplements
Eating optimally for injury recovery
Nutrient timing
Special situations
An Athletic Trainer's Guide to Sports Nutrition
gives athletic training clinicians and students the information and tools necessary to aid athletes in maintaining peak performance in nutrition, and fills the void left in the current athletic training curriculum.
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance and its wider implications present us with a growing healthcare crisis. Recent research points to the environment as an important component for the transmission of ...resistant bacteria and in the emergence of resistant pathogens. However, a deeper understanding of the evolutionary and ecological processes that lead to clinical appearance of resistance genes is still lacking, as is knowledge of environmental dispersal barriers. This calls for better models of how resistance genes evolve, are mobilized, transferred and disseminated in the environment. Here, we attempt to define the ecological and evolutionary environmental factors that contribute to resistance development and transmission. Although mobilization of resistance genes likely occurs continuously, the great majority of such genetic events do not lead to the establishment of novel resistance factors in bacterial populations, unless there is a selection pressure for maintaining them or their fitness costs are negligible. To enable preventative measures it is therefore critical to investigate under what conditions and to what extent environmental selection for resistance takes place. In addition, understanding dispersal barriers is not only key to evaluate risks, but also to prevent resistant pathogens, as well as novel resistance genes, from reaching humans.
This review defines which ecological and environmental factors are important for the development of antibiotic resistance in human pathogens, and suggests some possible mitigation strategies to delay and reduce increased resistance.
Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) among people with severe mental illness (SMI) (i.e., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder) is a critical clinical risk factor given its ...relationship to cardiovascular disease and premature mortality.
This study aimed to: (1) investigate the mean CRF in people with SMI versus healthy controls; (2) explore moderators of CRF; and (3) investigate whether CRF improved with exercise interventions and establish if fitness improves more than body mass index following exercise interventions.
Major electronic databases were searched systematically. A meta-analysis calculating Hedges' g statistic was undertaken.
Across 23 eligible studies, pooled mean CRF was 28.7 mL/kg/min 95 % confidence interval (CI) 27.3 to 30.0 mL/kg/min, p < 0.001, n = 980. People with SMI had significantly lower CRF compared with controls (n = 310) (Hedges' g = -1.01, 95 % CI -1.18 to -0.85, p < 0.001). There were no differences between diagnostic subgroups. In a multivariate regression, first-episode (β = 6.6, 95 % CI 0.6-12.6) and inpatient (β = 5.3, 95 % CI 1.6-9.0) status were significant predictors of higher CRF. Exercise improved CRF (Hedges' g = 0.33, 95 % CI = 0.21-0.45, p = 0.001), but did not reduce body mass index. Higher CRF improvements were observed following interventions at high intensity, with higher frequency (at least three times per week) and supervised by qualified personnel (i.e., physiotherapists and exercise physiologists).
The multidisciplinary treatment of people with SMI should include a focus on improving fitness to reduce all-cause mortality. Qualified healthcare professionals supporting people with SMI in maintaining an active lifestyle should be included as part of multidisciplinary teams in mental health treatment.
Machine learning is becoming a popular and important approach in the field of medical research. In this study, we investigate the relative performance of various machine learning methods such as ...Decision Tree, Naïve Bayes, Logistic Regression, Logistic Model Tree and Random Forests for predicting incident diabetes using medical records of cardiorespiratory fitness. In addition, we apply different techniques to uncover potential predictors of diabetes. This FIT project study used data of 32,555 patients who are free of any known coronary artery disease or heart failure who underwent clinician-referred exercise treadmill stress testing at Henry Ford Health Systems between 1991 and 2009 and had a complete 5-year follow-up. At the completion of the fifth year, 5,099 of those patients have developed diabetes. The dataset contained 62 attributes classified into four categories: demographic characteristics, disease history, medication use history, and stress test vital signs. We developed an Ensembling-based predictive model using 13 attributes that were selected based on their clinical importance, Multiple Linear Regression, and Information Gain Ranking methods. The negative effect of the imbalance class of the constructed model was handled by Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE). The overall performance of the predictive model classifier was improved by the Ensemble machine learning approach using the Vote method with three Decision Trees (Naïve Bayes Tree, Random Forest, and Logistic Model Tree) and achieved high accuracy of prediction (AUC = 0.92). The study shows the potential of ensembling and SMOTE approaches for predicting incident diabetes using cardiorespiratory fitness data.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Intrinsic cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is defined as the level of CRF in the sedentary state. There are large individual differences in intrinsic CRF among sedentary adults. The physiology of ...variability in CRF has received much attention, but little is known about the genetic and molecular mechanisms that impact intrinsic CRF. These issues were explored in the present study by interrogating intrinsic CRF-associated DNA sequence variation and skeletal muscle gene expression data from the HERITAGE Family Study through an integrative bioinformatics guided approach. A combined analytic strategy involving genetic association, pathway enrichment, tissue-specific network structure, cis-regulatory genome effects, and expression quantitative trait loci was used to select and rank genes through a variation-adjusted weighted ranking scheme. Prioritized genes were further interrogated for corroborative evidence from knockout mouse phenotypes and relevant physiological traits from the HERITAGE cohort. The mean intrinsic V̇o
was 33.1 ml O
·kg
·min
(SD = 8.8) for the sample of 493 sedentary adults. Suggestive evidence was found for gene loci related to cardiovascular physiology (
,
,
, and
), hematopoiesis (
,
,
, and
), skeletal muscle phenotypes (
,
,
, and
), and metabolism (
,
,
,
,
,
,
, and
). Supportive evidence for a role of several of these loci was uncovered via association between DNA variants and muscle gene expression levels with exercise cardiovascular and muscle physiological traits. This initial effort to define the underlying molecular substrates of intrinsic CRF warrants further studies based on appropriate cohorts and study designs, complemented by functional investigations.
Intrinsic cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is measured in the sedentary state and is highly variable among sedentary adults. The physiology of variability in intrinsic cardiorespiratory fitness has received much attention, but little is known about the genetic and molecular mechanisms that impact intrinsic CRF. These issues were explored computationally in the present study, with further corroborative evidence obtained from analysis of phenotype data from knockout mouse models and human cardiovascular and skeletal muscle measurements.
Synonymous mutations in protein-coding genes do not alter protein sequences and are thus generally presumed to be neutral or nearly neutral
. Here, to experimentally verify this presumption, we ...constructed 8,341 yeast mutants each carrying a synonymous, nonsynonymous or nonsense mutation in one of 21 endogenous genes with diverse functions and expression levels and measured their fitness relative to the wild type in a rich medium. Three-quarters of synonymous mutations resulted in a significant reduction in fitness, and the distribution of fitness effects was overall similar-albeit nonidentical-between synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations. Both synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations frequently disturbed the level of mRNA expression of the mutated gene, and the extent of the disturbance partially predicted the fitness effect. Investigations in additional environments revealed greater across-environment fitness variations for nonsynonymous mutants than for synonymous mutants despite their similar fitness distributions in each environment, suggesting that a smaller proportion of nonsynonymous mutants than synonymous mutants are always non-deleterious in a changing environment to permit fixation, potentially explaining the common observation of substantially lower nonsynonymous than synonymous substitution rates. The strong non-neutrality of most synonymous mutations, if it holds true for other genes and in other organisms, would require re-examination of numerous biological conclusions about mutation, selection, effective population size, divergence time and disease mechanisms that rely on the assumption that synoymous mutations are neutral.
Fitness technology Ivanov, V. D.; Marandykina, O. V.
Физическая культура. Спорт. Туризм. Двигательная рекреация,
11/2023, Letnik:
8, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The author examines the trends in the development of fitness in the cities of Russia. Analyzes the factors behind the increased popularity of fitness and describes popular and new types of this ...direction.
Relevance. Sports are essential for every person. It is fitness areas that have become popular for the vast majority of Russians, as they have a wide range of choices depending on the preparedness, goals and physical form of the client.
Purpose, tasks. The purpose of the work is to review scientific publications on this topic. Get to know the factors behind the development of the fitness industry. Learn the fitness system directions and their meaning. Reveal the importance of fitness bracelets and applications for a successful healthy lifestyle.
Materials and research methods. The research materials were scientific sources placed in the scientific electronic library (https://elibrary.ru). Research methods: study of scientific literature, review of scientific publications.
Results and its discussion. Fitness is an affordable, interesting and effective method of maintaining a figure, health and emotional stability. All this causes the development of not only new directions, but also the widespread introduction of these programs into the daily life of Russian citizens. More than half of the people in Russia are engaged in this physical activity, which makes this industry continue to develop.
Conclusion. The desire to engage in fitness has different motives, from maintaining health to imitating your favorite idols. All of them have made a good contribution to maintenance of a healthy lifestyle by citizens. In turn, the popularity of this direction gave a huge impetus to the development of fitness. Practically useful properties of fitness have been identified even for athletes and professional players.
The social environment, both in early life and adulthood, is one of the strongest predictors of morbidity and mortality risk in humans. Evidence from long-term studies of other social mammals ...indicates that this relationship is similar across many species. In addition, experimental studies show that social interactions can causally alter animal physiology, disease risk, and life span itself. These findings highlight the importance of the social environment to health and mortality as well as Darwinian fitness-outcomes of interest to social scientists and biologists alike. They thus emphasize the utility of cross-species analysis for understanding the predictors of, and mechanisms underlying, social gradients in health.
PDF
