The rising rate of cesarean section (CS) is a subject of concern, intensive discussion, and investigation. However, few, if any, systematic studies of this trend have been recorded among the oriental ...populations. This study examines factors that may contribute to the high incidence of CS in Taiwan, where the rate of CS is among the highest in the world.
Multiple logistic regression and stratified analyses were used to determine the association between CS and various factors, including provider and patient parameters. Our study sample of 2,497 cases was drawn from a total of 10,654 in-patient deliveries in Chang Gung Memorial Hospital of Taiwan.
A number of factors associated with the use of CS were explored, including maternal age, occupation, education and marital status of the mother, sex and body weight of the infant at birth, parity, insurance status, source of admission, and time of birth.
Our study also shows that CS in Taiwan is affected by the folk belief of Pe-Ji, which influences the preference of some patients for delivery at a specific time. Such a preference reflects a unique right of choice by women in Taiwan.
The folk conception of knowledge Starmans, Christina; Friedman, Ori
Cognition,
09/2012, Letnik:
124, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
► We examined people’s judgments about when others possess knowledge. ► People attribute knowledge to others when their beliefs are both true and justified. ► Unlike philosophers, people also ...attribute knowledge to agents in Gettier situations. ► This aligns roughly with the classical view of knowledge as justified true belief. ► We show a major difference between the epistemic intuitions of laypeople and philosophers.
How do people decide which claims should be considered mere beliefs and which count as knowledge? Although little is known about how people attribute knowledge to others, philosophical debate about the nature of knowledge may provide a starting point. Traditionally, a belief that is both true and justified was thought to constitute knowledge. However, philosophers now agree that this account is inadequate, due largely to a class of counterexamples (termed “Gettier cases”) in which a person’s justified belief is true, but only due to luck. We report four experiments examining the effect of truth, justification, and “Gettiering” on people’s knowledge attributions. These experiments show that: (1) people attribute knowledge to others only when their beliefs are both true and justified; (2) in contrast to contemporary philosophers, people also attribute knowledge to others in Gettier situations; and (3) knowledge is not attributed in one class of Gettier cases, but only because the agent’s belief is based on “apparent” evidence. These findings suggest that the lay concept of knowledge is roughly consistent with the traditional account of knowledge as justified true belief, and also point to a major difference between the epistemic intuitions of laypeople and those of philosophers.
Since the mid-Qing era, public preaching in Sichuan has gradually become more about works of doing good than imperial edicts, which greatly influenced everyday ethics and beliefs in Sichuan ...grassroots society. In a way, this reflects how ideas affect society. Folk preaching in Sichuan, as a way of doing good itself, has been a common practice to advocate good deeds. Late-Qing folk preaching in Sichuan was closely linked to, and had promoted, the rise of local charities and better social aid services that ensued.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
A cherished Sri Lankan tradition comprising tales from different regions, stories about Kuweni recount how Prince Vijaya from North India took power in Sri Lanka with the help of Kuweni, a native ...young woman. This study introduces a qualitative thematic metaphorical approach to analyze Kuweni's legend. The findings presented in "Kuweni's Folklore Characteristics Onion" offer a layered analysis that demonstrates the significance of symbols and metaphors in folklore, offering valuable insights to various creative disciplines.
Soon after the death of Mao Zedong in 1976, China experienced a 'fortune-telling fever'. After having been suppressed by the Chinese Communist Party for the previous three decades, fortune tellers ...re-emerged in the 1980s to publish extensively on the topic and ply their trade in public. Yet despite the general relaxation of state policies toward folk beliefs, fortune telling was still considered a 'superstition' and therefore remained against the law. To bypass ongoing proscriptions against divinatory practices and publications, fortune tellers began to frame their undertakings in a language that closely mirrored two priorities of the post-Mao state: the advancement of scientific research and the reclamation of traditional culture. As this article argues, the example of China's fortune-telling fever adds a new perspective to studies that have viewed the resurgence of Chinese spirituality as a form of communal resistance against an atheist regime. Rather than combating the government's accusation that their practices were superstitious, fortune tellers instead positioned themselves as allies of the state by appealing to its rhetoric of science and cultural nationalism. Downplaying the mystical qualities of their craft, they framed divination as an academic and economic endeavour, one that was both compatible with secular modernity and in keeping with the Chinese Communist Party's demands for entrepreneurial activity.
Roman Na Drini ćuprija Ive Andrića kronika je o Višegradu i mostu preko Drine koji se u njemu nalazi. Pisac je u tekst inkorporirao brojne predaje koje čine okosnicu romana, a motivski su vezane uz ...most, njegovu okolicu i ljude koji su tu živjeli. Žanrovski ih se može odrediti kao povijesne, mitske, demonološke, etiološke predaje, eshatološke i pričanja iz života. Žanrovi predaja često se prepleću. U romanu Na Drini ćuprija nalaze se sve vrste predaja. Predaje se u radu interpretiraju u povijesnom, etnološkom i antropološkom kontekstu Svjedočanstvo su traumatičnog životnog iskustva na konfliktnom prostoru, a karakterom su didaktične, što je u skladu s dominantnom funkcijom usmene književnosti. Iznimna je estetska i socijalna funkcija predaja.
Moral psychologists have recently turned their attention to the study of folk metaethical beliefs. We report the results of a cross-cultural study using Chinese, Polish and Ecuadorian participants ...that seeks to advance this line of investigation. Individuals in all three demographic groups were observed to attribute objectivity to ethical statements in very similar patterns. Differences in participants’ strength of opinion about an issue, the level of societal agreement or disagreement about an issue, and participants’ age were found to significantly affect their inclination to view the truth of an ethical statement as a matter of objective fact. Implications for theorizing about folk morality are discussed.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The Old Testament account in 1 Samuel 28 of how the Woman or Witch of Endor apparently raised the spirit of the prophet Samuel has been a matter of much theological debate for many centuries. ...Hundreds of scholarly articles have also been written about it with regard to its significance in Biblical exegesis from late antiquity to the early modern period. Yet very little research has been done on the religious and cultural significance of the Endor story in the age of the folklorist. This lecture explores the influence of sermons and literary culture on folk beliefs, examines the theories of early folklorists and anthropologists regarding the Endor story, and charts the emergence of a positive view of the 'Witch'.
This study aims to examine the help-seeking process of family caregivers for persons with dementia (PWD) in Vietnam, and how health and cultural beliefs shape this process.
Twenty family caregivers ...of PWD at a geriatric hospital in Northern Vietnam were recruited. A total of 30 face-to-face, semi-structured interviews, including 10 follow-up interviews, were conducted. Structural coding was used first to guide data analysis through four structural codes consistent with the four stages of the help-seeking model: (1) disease and symptom experience; (2) explanatory models for symptom appraisal; (3) decision to seek help; and (4) contact with the sources of help. Then thematic coding was used for more detailed and data-driven initial codes to emerge from the data.
Cultural and health beliefs, particularly collectivist values, such as familism and filial piety, shaped each stage of Vietnamese family caregivers' help-seeking process. Caregivers experienced different PWD's symptoms and adopted a mixed explanatory model combining biomedical and folk beliefs to explain the causes of dementia. They highly valued independence, autonomy, devotion to their family, and self-sacrifice, making these values the driving force underlying their self-reliance regime in caregiving. Help-seeking was often delayed until caregivers considered the situation to be beyond their own capacity to manage independently. The family was always the primary informal source of support for caregivers, with additional help sought from friends, neighbors, and religious facilities. Health professionals, if available, were also an important formal source for medical advice.
The results highlight the importance of culture and health beliefs in shaping caregivers' help-seeking process, and advocate the needs of service development targeting not only Vietnamese family caregivers for PWD, but also caregivers sharing similar collectivist culture in different areas. Interventions and services that are consistent with their values of self-sacrifice, devotion to family, autonomy, and self-reliance are much needed.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
The article deals with legends and legends about the Fate recorded in the villages of the Dunaevetsky district of the Khmelnytsky region (Ukraine), as well as their comparison with the moral ...principles of Ukrainians. In ancient legends, Fate acts as a woman, on which the welfare of a person depends. In modern traditions, Fate is no longer a being, but a divine manifestation, indicating changes in the religious outlook.
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