Previous studies examining the relationship between beliefs about manipulation of behavior outside of awareness and free will reveal a weak association between both constructs. That is, people ...reconcile the two in such a way that there is room for free will despite mechanisms determining their behavior. The present study further explores the association between judgments of manipulation outside of awareness and free will, along with other judgments (ultimate control, personal experience, concern) in real-world scenarios where manipulation is expected to occur. The aim was to examine whether the relationship between manipulation outside of awareness and free will could be amplified if personalizing the experiences of the real-world examples was emphasized. To this end, Studies 1a ( N = 111) and 1b ( N = 106; replication) emphasized that people could have been manipulated, and in Studies 2a ( N = 106) and 2b ( N = 104; replication) emphasized that they had actually been manipulated. The findings revealed that when the degree of personalization increased, so did the strength of the negative correlation between judgments of manipulation without awareness and free will. A meta-analysis of all studies (8 studies, N = 1,230) that examined this relationship was conducted to locate where (by context, by individual scenario) the relationship between manipulation outside of awareness and free will was strongest. The findings reveal that the strongest associations were found in scenarios that are most prototypically associated with the unconscious (e.g., sleep research, subliminal priming, subliminal advertising, hypnotherapy). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
This paper examines function and meaning of traditional folk beliefs related to animals in the novel "The Siege of the Church of St. Salvation". Research is attempting to show that the folk beliefs ...about animals are included in creating novel structure and meaning and characterization of characters in the novel. Presence of traditional folk beliefs can be dominant or partial, it can be transformed or absent, which creates a confronted image of traditional and modern man. Research is showing in which way traditional beliefs are shaped and transformed to create novel of specific postmodern narrative structure.
The Ordnance Survey of Ireland, carried out in the early-nineteenth century, was not just the process of mapping and collecting place names for translation as it is frequently depicted. The director ...of the Ordnance Survey, Sir Thomas Colby, decided to also use the Survey to carry out statistical, antiquarian, and geological surveys. The results of this trigonometrical survey include the so-called Ordnance Survey Memoirs and the Ordnance Survey Letters. Both sources provide valuable information about life in Ireland in the 1830s and early 1840s. Focusing in particular on the province of Connacht, this article argues that the Ordnance Survey Letters should be considered an important source of information about folklore and folk beliefs which were still extant or had been until shortly before the Survey visited the locality. This essay examines how, in a period of change and decline, the Ordnance Survey wrote local cultural heritage and identity onto the landscape.
Seeking for signs of the future was a basic component of the pre-modern European mindset. The great variety of signs that are reviewed in the set of articles present commentaries on the time of their ...creation, whereas signs of the future display an ambiguous character.
•There is strong convergence of folk beliefs on the unconscious in natural examples.•Marketing is the most frequent example of the use of research on the unconscious.•Folk beliefs of constructs ...associated with the unconscious are context dependent.
We know little about the commonality of folk beliefs around applications of psychological research on the unconscious control of behaviours. To address this, in Experiment 1 (N = 399) participants volunteered examples of where research on the unconscious has been applied to influence their behaviours. A subset of these were presented in Experiment 2 (N = 198) and Experiment 3 (N = 100). Participants rated the extent to which the behaviour being influenced in these contexts was: (1) via the unconscious, (2) free, (3) the result of prior conscious intentions, (4) under conscious control. Relative to judgements about the extent to which behaviour was influenced via the unconscious, the remaining judgements regarding conscious control of behaviours were either higher (e.g., political contexts) or lower (e.g., therapy). This study is the first to show, using ecologically valid examples, the folk beliefs people share on psychological constructs concerning free will and determinism.
W tradycji huculskiej instrumenty muzyczne dzielą się na dwie kategorie: boże i diabelskie. Podział ten stanowi punkt wyjścia do wielopłaszczyznowej analizy źródeł i wytworów muzyki ludowej. ...Refleksje badawcze dotyczą próby zrekonstruowania pierwotnego zamysłu konstrukcyjnego twórcy instrumentu, uzasadnienia wyboru odpowiedniego tworzywa instrumentu i sposobu wykorzystania jego właściwości brzmieniowych. Kluczowe dla rozważań jest dokładne prześledzenie tych jakości w różnych kontekstach wykonawczych w związku z archaicznym światopoglądem wierzeniowym, który odwołuje się do kosmogonii (mitu), czyli relacji łączących człowieka z naturą (makrokosmosem) i z jego uświadomionym umuzycznionym mikrokosmosem. W artykule podjęta została próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, w jaki sposób te relacje odzwierciedlają się w formie, materii, jakościach dźwiękowych, wykonawstwie muzycznym obu grup instrumentów.
The novel Yimeng Zhi Bei <<phrase omitted>> written by Lee Yoke Kim (Li Yijun), a Malaysian Chinese writer, was nominated as one of the top ten Chinese novels in 2012 by the Yazhou Zhoukan journal ...Asia Weekly (1). Set in a small town in Malaysia, the story gives a lucid account of the living environment of the Chinese who immigrated to Nanyang, and keeps record of the folk beliefs and living practices among the people of that era. The novel follows the fate of several generations of women from the Ye family, describing their internal worlds, their sorrows and joys, and how they pursue a profound level of spirituality in life. This paper explores the deep impact of polytheism and the notion of predestination, situating the mysteries and realities of the novel's female protagonists' lives in the context of the history of Chinese women in Nanyang. Keywords Lee Yoke Kim; Li Yijun; Yimeng Zhi Bei; Malaysian Chinese Literature; Mahua literature; Chinese diaspora; folk beliefs; women's fate.
In this article, we outline the analytic limitations of action theories and interpretive schemes that conceive of beliefs as explicit mental representations linked to a desire-opportunity folk ...psychology. Drawing on pragmatism and practice theory, we recast the notion of belief as a species of habit, with pre-reflexive anticipation the primary mechanism accounting for both the formation of beliefs and their causal influence on action. We demonstrate the utility of this approach in three ways: first, by linking it with recent research on the cognitive and motor development of infants; second, by drawing out a typology of belief states that accounts for a range of different experiential traits; and third, by applying the new model to reinterpret two belief-based phenomena of broad sociological interest: "irrational" decision making and religious conversion.
In the urban centers of Türkiye, where cultural changes are more widespread and effective, wedding processional is replaced by the solemnization of the marriage at indoor weddings, and the Kūdegū ...(old Turkic language; refers to bridegroom, son-in-law) awaiting the bride’s arrival at the boy’s house is replaced by differences in the way of the bride and groom’s entry together; moreover, while wedding rituals such as the bridal bath and groom’s hammam are being forgotten, bachelor/bachelorette parties are on the rise. The beliefs and practices related to the bride being taken out of the girl’s house with a special ceremony have deep meanings, such as blessing the bride who has just joined the family, acclimatizing the bride who feels like an outsider and avoiding her from these feelings, and protecting the bride and groom from the körmös (spirits in Turkic mythology, devilish entities living in the underworld), bad spirits, and the evil eye. In this paper, the structure, function, practices, and beliefs of the rituals surrounding the bride and groom on the last day of Anatolian Turkish weddings are analyzed using a qualitative research method. In addition, this study identified the betrothal, performance, beliefs, and practices surrounding the ritual of “bridal pick up” among Anatolian Turks and evaluated the symbols and signs in the ritual procedures in the functional context of the origins and reflections of traditional Turkish beliefs.
Certain cultural, folk, and religious beliefs that are more common among African Americans (AAs) have been associated with later-stage breast cancer. It is unknown if these beliefs are similarly ...associated with delays in diagnosis of ovarian cancer.
Data from a multicenter case-control study of ovarian cancer in AA women were used to examine associations between cultural/folk beliefs and religious practices and stage at diagnosis and symptom duration before diagnosis. Associations between cultural/folk beliefs or religious practices and stage at diagnosis were assessed with logistic regression analyses, and associations with symptom duration with linear regression analyses.
Agreement with several of the cultural/folk belief statements was high (e.g., 40% agreed that "if a person prays about cancer, God will heal it without medical treatments"), and ∼90% of women expressed moderate to high levels of religiosity/spirituality. Higher levels of religiosity/spirituality were associated with a twofold increase in the odds of stage III-IV ovarian cancer, whereas agreement with the cultural/folk belief statements was not associated with stage. Symptom duration before diagnosis was not consistently associated with cultural/folk beliefs or religiosity/spirituality.
Women who reported stronger religious beliefs or practices had increased odds of higher stage ovarian cancer. Inaccurate cultural/folk beliefs about cancer treament were not associated with stage; however, these beliefs were highly prevalent in our population and could impact patient treatment decisions. Our findings suggest opportunities for health education interventions, especially working with churches, and improved doctor-patient communication.
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