An interview with writer Suisheng Zhao is presented. Zhao talks about the use of "leadership-centered" approach to study Chinese foreign policy during three different eras, Xi Jinping's foreign ...policy of strategic assertiveness, and assessment of the effectiveness of his foreign policy.
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Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In diverse circumstances of region, Iran and Saudi Arabia have significant part in foreign policy of Pakistan. It is difficult for policy makers of Pakistan to retain acceptable relations and ...policies towards both countries at the same time because of severe contentions between the Iran and Saudi Arabia including the high interests of the main players in the Middle East Politics. The main objectives of research are to elucidate the different standpoints between Iran and Saudi Arabia and their impacts on policies of Pakistan. Different diplomatic, political and economic triangle developments among Iran, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan is discussed during last government tenure of PML (N). For this set out, the qualitative method with historical research design has been used, through argumentation procedure while complex interdependent theory applied to examine the nature of triangle relations and policies including their impacts on regional politics and economy. The study provides significant insights for its implication in the particular context with diverse outcomes.
O objetivo deste artigo é discutir como a questão da política externa apareceu na campanha eleitoral presidencial do Brasil em 2022. Foi feita uma articulação teórica-histórica-empírica, trazendo ...subsídios bibliográficos de outras campanhas, além do contexto nacional e internacional. O referencial teórico inclui comportamento político, marketing político e política externa. Foi feita uma pesquisa empírica primária de análise de conteúdo dos programas oficiais dos dois principais candidatos e de suas performances no horário gratuito de TV, nos debates de TV e na agenda do Jornal Nacional da TV Globo. Os candidatos têm linhas gerais de política externa que são coerentes com seus programas de governo e suas concepções político-ideológicas, as quais ficaram, em parte, expressas em seus programas oficiais e, em parte, guardadas pela “ambiguidade estratégica”. Por outro lado, o uso da mídia foi guiado por um marketing político-eleitoral imediatista, voltado para a captação do voto racional-pragmático e do voto por valores. Focado na “pequena política”, deixando o debate abrangente praticamente excluído.
Recently, scholars of the Pacific region have discussed the concept of Oceanic diplomacy. Oceanic diplomacy focuses on diplomatic practices or principles that belong to Pacific cultures and are ...distinct from but sometimes work in concert with Western diplomatic practices. The goal of exploring Oceanic diplomacy is examining the current value of these practices and principles, whether within a single country, among Pacific nations, or at the global level. Here, I apply Oceanic diplomacy in analysing Tuvalu's 2020 Foreign Policy: Te Sikulagi (The Horizon). I first examine the main cultural concepts highlighted in Te Sikulagi - falepili (being a good neighbour) and kaitasi (shared ownership) - and how they function within traditional Tuvaluan diplomacy. I next examine how, after the publication of Te Sikulagi, these concepts were earmarked for use in bolstering relations with other Pacific nations as part of Western or 'conventional' diplomatic practices (i.e. signing diplomatic relations). Finally, I outline how these concepts are utilised at the global level in Tuvalu's activism on climate change. To conclude, I discuss not only how Oceanic diplomacy demonstrates the existence of diplomacies outside the Western diplomatic paradigm but also how these culturally distinctive and antecedent diplomacies are increasingly influencing global diplomatic trends.
Abstract
Turkish foreign policy has dramatically transformed over the last two decades. In the first decade of the Justice and Development Party's (AKP) rule, the ‘logic of interdependence’ ...constituted the driving motive of Turkish foreign policy. In the second decade, however, the ‘logic of interdependence’ and the soft power-driven ‘mediator–integrator’ role were gradually replaced with a quest for ‘strategic autonomy’, accompanied by interventionism, unilateralism and coercive diplomacy. This article explores the causes of this dramatic shift. We argue that ‘strategic autonomy’, which goes beyond a moderate level of status-seeking compatible with Turkey's material power credentials, has a double connotation in the Turkish context. First, it constitutes a framework for the Turkish ruling elite to align with the non-western great powers and balance the US-led hierarchical order. Second, and more importantly, it serves as a legitimating foreign policy discourse for the government to mobilize its electoral base at home, fragment opposition and accrue popular support. We conclude that the search for autonomy from its western allies and the move towards the Russia–China axis has led to Turkey's isolation and permitted the emergence of new forms of dependence.
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Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Die beiden Kandidaten für das Amt des US-Präsidenten hätten in Stil und Substanz nicht unterschiedlicher sein können. Beide versuchten die Wahl als eine »Once-in-a-generation«-Angelegenheit ...darzustellen und polarisieren entsprechend im Inneren wie im Äußeren. Und tatsächlich wird der künftige Weg unseres wichtigsten Verbündeten USA maßgeblich vom Wahlausgang bestimmt. Bei Donald Trump wäre relativ klar gewesen, was wir bekommen hätten: einen weiterhin unberechenbaren, nicht zu multilateraler Absprache und langfristiger Strategie fähigen oder willigen Präsidenten. Joe Biden steht hingegen für die Stärkung von Bündnissen und den Willen zu multilateralem Interessenausgleich. Zugleich bietet er trotz seiner jahrzehntelangen außenpolitischen Erfahrung eher eine Projektionsfläche für je eigene Wünsche und Vorstellungen in Europa und andernorts, denn das von ihm gepflegte »America-will-be-back-Mantra« (DeYoung 2020) ist etwas aus der Zeit gefallen.
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