The term ‘urban diplomacy' is used to describe the various activities performed that pertain to international relations between cities. The aim of this study is to evaluate the urban diplomacy of the ...city of Ankara in the context of bilateral cooperation. Qualitative research is used to determine the nature of measures related to bilateral cooperation and obtain relevant quantitative data. The department archives of the Department of Foreign Relations and the Directorate of Foreign Relations of Ankara Metropolitan Municipality were used for research purposes during March 8-9, 2022. The study concludes that diplomatic bilateral cooperation within the city of Ankara was conducted according to the parameters of Turkish foreign diplomacy and in harmony with national diplomacy. It was also concluded that the relationship between urban politics and bilateral cooperation was influenced by the same political party controlling both central and local governments. In terms of the relationship with urban policies, activities related to bilateral cooperation are determined as a means of promoting the city, rather than providing urban services for Ankara.
This article seeks to prove that not only do emotions matter in foreign politics, but they are strong catalysts for political action. In Brezhnev's case, it was fear of a third world war that made ...him strive for endurable peace. To gain the trust of the West, he tried to act like a Western statesman in order to be perceived as "familiar" and recognized as "one of us". The article is structured along four key emotions: fear, trust, stress and mistrust, which are debated as concepts and as decisive states for Brezhnev's foreign policy. I argue that Brezhnev won the trust of his supporters by showing he was different, but lost it when he became addicted to sleeping pills and had to retreat after 1974.
Hungerkatastrophen der so genannten "Dritten Welt" prägten die Wahrnehmung einer ganzen Generation in der Bonner Republik: Das "Biafrakind" weckte enorme Emotionen und forderte zu umfangreichen ...Hilfsaktionen heraus, "Biafra" wurde aber auch zur Chiffre für die neue Herausforderung globaler Gerechtigkeit. Erstmals werden in diesem Band die Auswirkungen des weltweiten Hungerszenarios auf den Katholizismus in Deutschland behandelt. Im Kontext neuer gesellschaftlicher Bewegungen trat in Teilen engagierter Katholiken die politische Aktion für die "Dritte Welt" an die Stelle des traditionellen Verständnisses karitativer Fürsorge und Hilfe und löste im Kampf um gerechtere Utopien heftige Konflikte aus. Ihr Engagement trug kirchlichen Institutionen jedoch auch viele Sympathien ein und ermöglichte ihnen bis heute geltenden Einfluss im entwicklungspolitischen Bereich.
This article analyses the delicate connection existing between domestic and foreign policy on the one hand and public opinion, on the other, through an excursus of main events which have taken place ...in Spain from the time of Franco to the second legislature of Zapatero. Through historical and political reconstruction, using supporting data, reflection has been formulated on a system that has undergone deep transformations. Such changes have placed Spain within the same league as other European powers on a relatively short period, enabling the country to attain the status of a regional power. Yet, the question remains as to whether Spanish public opinion has always accepted the foreign policy choices its leaders have taken.
India and China have established reputations in the international community for rapid economic development, innovative technology and exploitation of natural resources. Aside from the United States, ...China and India are the two major producers of carbon dioxide emissions in the world. At the same time China and India are two of the leading developing countries in promoting green energy and international climate change objectives. The local wind energy industry, as an alternative to replace fuel, witnessed a politically-sponsored take-off in both countries in terms of global market share as well as domestically-installed wind energy capacity in the late 2000s. In particular, the current governments have taken the issue seriously on both the local and international levels. China and India ratified the Paris Agreement in 2015 and their national climate objectives. The puzzle of rapidly growing and politically supported wind energy sectors in these two countries in which environmental protection is strategically ignored in favour for economic growth has to be understood in the terms of the bigger picture of Beij ing and New Delhi fostering external and internal legitimation by transforming norms and values to measureable outcomes. To do so, the paper illuminates the development of renewed legislative commitments for wind energy, the increasing external pressure for emission reductions, institutional changes, and demands for legitimation in India and China.
An assessment of policy options for future global climate governance, written by a team of leading experts from the European Union and developing countries. Global climate governance is at a ...crossroads. The 1997 Kyoto Protocol was merely a first step, and its core commitments expire in 2012. This book addresses three questions which will be central to any new climate agreement. What is the most effective overall legal and institutional architecture for successful and equitable climate politics? What role should non-state actors play, including multinational corporations, non-governmental organizations, public–private partnerships and market mechanisms in general? How can we deal with the growing challenge of adapting our existing institutions to a substantially warmer world? This important resource offers policy practitioners in-depth qualitative and quantitative assessments of the costs and benefits of various policy options, and also offers academics from wide-ranging disciplines insight into innovative interdisciplinary approaches towards international climate negotiations.
Política exterior colombiana 2010-2014: ¿giro a la autonomía? González Parias, Carlos Hernán; Mesa Bedoya, Juan Camilo; Londoño Ossa, Gustavo Adolfo
Revista de Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia y Seguridad,
01/2017, Letnik:
12, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Este artículo de reflexión ciñó su recorte temporal de estudio presenta entre el año 2010 al año 2014, y se plantea desarrollar la hipótesis construida desde la identificación de las diversas ...actuaciones y actividades que señalan claramente un cambio en cuanto a la orientación de la política exterior colombiana se refiere, tales como: la diversificación de socios comerciales, la participación activa en instancias multilaterales y el protagonismo en temas álgidos de la región, las cuales se configuran como prácticas y métodos de mantenimiento de poder político, tendientes a lograr márgenes de autonomía sin confrontar a EE. UU. Una especie de softlaw o de derecho suave donde un marco conceptual refiere a la autonomía en materia de las Relaciones Internacionales, una necesaria reconstrucción de la evolución de la política exterior colombiana bajo los conceptos de Réspice Polum y autonomía. Finalmente, y mediante el empleo de un marco teórico pertinente, se analizará el periodo descrito
The article deals with nation-branding under specific conditions of small states and their foreign relations. The first part is devoted to identification of the main specific features of small states ...from international relations point of view focusing to problems with classification criteria and instruments of their foreign policies. The following part of the article is devoted to analyse the role of nation branding in small state foreign policy based on example of New Zealand being traditionally identified as small state fulfilling all the above characteristics.
PDF
