To date, few empirical studies have examined the benefits of the processes involved in self‐forgiveness—value reorientation and esteem restoration—for individual well‐being using longitudinal data ...from non‐Western samples. In this study, we take a step toward addressing this gap by analysing three waves of data collected among 595 Indonesians (Mage = 21.95, SD = 4.39). Applying the analytic templates for lagged exposure‐wide and outcome‐wide longitudinal designs, we performed a series of linear regressions to estimate associations of value reorientation and esteem restoration in Wave 2 with three indicators of distress and 10 indicators of well‐being in Wave 3, adjusting for Wave 1 covariates. Value reorientation and esteem restoration were each associated with improvements in several well‐being outcomes (six for value reorientation and three for esteem restoration), but both showed little evidence of associations with the distress outcomes. In a secondary analysis, those who scored higher on both value reorientation and esteem restoration (i.e., self‐forgiveness group) in Wave 2 reported higher well‐being on five outcomes in Wave 3 compared to those who scored lower on value reorientation, esteem restoration, or both (i.e., no or partial self‐forgiveness group). We discuss some implications of the findings for conceptualising self‐forgiveness and promoting well‐being.
Purpose: The aim of this systematic review of qualitative forgiveness studies by nurse authors is to contribute to the body of holistic nursing knowledge by discovering answers to the following ...research questions: (a) where/how does a person get the power to forgive? and (b) what are the people who forgive like? Method: We conducted a systematic search of the English language, peer-reviewed literature for nurse-authored, primary qualitative research that answered our research questions. A total of 188 potential studies were found, and 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. Results: Study participants used interpersonal, intrapersonal, and transpersonal sources of power to forgive, including prayer, meditation, and support from family, friends, and nurses. The findings also revealed the cognitive, emotional, and spiritual traits of forgiving people, including being faith oriented, empathetic, and understanding the meaning of forgiveness as letting go of negative emotions. The findings confirm activities listed under “Forgiveness Facilitation” (2018) in Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) and suggest additions. Conclusion: This literature review adds to nursing knowledge by synthesizing the findings of the review in a way that provides guidance to nurses to help facilitate forgiveness with patients who want that.
Interpersonal transgressions are disruptive to relationships as they violate values presumed to be shared and threaten the integrity of victim and offender, and their shared identity. Forgiveness and ...self-forgiveness are understood to be important elements of the moral repair process, however commonly they are studied as intrapsychic phenomena without considering the dynamics between them. Here, we investigate whether victims' expression of forgiveness can facilitate offenders' genuine self-forgiveness – the restoration of the offender's moral self by taking responsibility and working through their guilt. We argue that forgiveness can do so when it leads offenders to perceive that the victim believes the offender shares in a consensus about the violated values (meta-perceived value consensus) and, in turn, leads offenders to affirm their perception of value consensus. Three experimental studies (N = 807, 606, and 752) provided evidence for the hypothesized sequential mediation, with forgiveness having an indirect positive effect on genuine self-forgiveness via meta-perception of value consensus and offender's affirmation of value consensus. Study 2 furthermore manipulated the victim's belief in the offender sharing in the value consensus and provided causal evidence for its role in the process. The findings highlight the importance of a restored value consensus for the offender's repair of integrity through genuine self-forgiveness, which depends on the offender knowing, and knowing that the victim knows, that they share those values. The research advances our understanding of moral repair as a dyadic negotiated process.
Faced with collective guilt, perpetrator groups may seek collective‐self forgiveness. However, does this diminish their support for political repair? Advancing the concept of collective‐self ...forgiveness, we distinguish between end‐state collective‐self forgiveness as restored moral identity and two processes: pseudo collective‐self forgiveness as defensive downplaying and genuine collective‐self forgiveness as ‘working through’ the ingroup's guilt. In three studies, non‐Indigenous Australians (N = 369, 800 and 785) were surveyed about currently debated constitutional changes for the recognition and empowerment of Indigenous Australians. Pseudo and genuine collective‐self forgiveness were positively related to end‐state collective‐self forgiveness. Pseudo and end‐state were negative, but genuine collective‐self forgiveness positively, related to support for repair and truth telling. Participants identifying with both Australians and Indigenous Australians more strongly endorsed genuine collective‐self forgiveness. The results suggest a pathway for perpetrator group members to balance identity needs with commitment to repair, but highlight drawbacks of seeing collective‐self forgiveness as an end‐state objective.
Everett L. Worthington Jr. (Ev) is a pioneer in the social scientific study of forgiveness, and his contributions to this area of the literature during the last three decades has been remarkable. In ...this article, I provide a short history and bibliometric overview of Ev's scholarly contributions on the topic of forgiveness over the years. Against the background of his widespread influence on the development of the scientific literature on forgiveness, I reflect briefly on four important areas of the literature on interpersonal forgiveness that have developed and strengthened over the last three decades: (a) forgiveness is a universal feature of human psychology, (b) forgiveness is experienced heterogeneously, (c) forgiveness is contextualized, and (d) forgiveness is related to whole person functioning. I conclude by encouraging scholars and practitioners to build on Ev's inspiring decades-long personal and professional mission to promote forgiveness in every willing heart, home, and homeland.
Forgiveness carries a different significance for individuals, especially older people. Few studies have focused on the effect of forgiveness on life satisfaction among older people and the mediating ...role of perceived social support and depressive symptoms. The current study tested the relationship between forgiveness and life satisfaction, and the mediating effects of perceived social support and depressive symptoms in the relationship.
The sample of the study consisted of 713 older people (>56 years, M=64.89, SD=1.31)were recruited from Jiangsu province in China. Bootstrap estimation of multiple mediation analysis was used to examine the mediating effects of perceived social support and depressive symptoms in the relationship between forgiveness and life satisfaction.
Forgiveness of others and oneself have positively associated with life satisfaction, and multiple mediation analyses indicated that perceived social support and depressive symptoms mediate the relationship between forgiveness of others and oneself and life satisfaction.
Forgiveness of others and self is linked with life satisfaction not only through perceived social support but also depressive symptoms. Forgiveness can enhance life satisfaction of older people. It can also enhance the effects of social support on their social relationships and reduce depressive symptoms, which lead to higher life satisfaction.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
The present study is the first randomized, controlled trial comparing REACH Forgiveness and Forgive for Good, two of the most commonly used approaches to promote forgiveness. Additionally, the ...combined effects of psychoeducation and a community forgiveness intervention were examined. Psychoeducation participants were 99 Luther College students randomly assigned to six hours of one of two types of forgiveness training led by undergraduate facilitators or a control condition. The community forgiveness intervention involved campus-wide modifications to the environment that were difficult for most students to not notice. Unforgiveness and forgiveness were measured at pre-, post-intervention, and two-month follow-up. Both forgiveness groups reported decreased unforgiveness and increased forgiveness pre- to post-intervention, and these gains were maintained at follow-up. Both methods were found to be equally effective, can be taught by undergraduates, and were effective in tandem with a community intervention.
The paper presents the concept of emotional and decisional forgiveness proposed by Worthington et al. (
Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 30
, 291–302,
2007
) and employing the Polish versions of the
...Decision to Forgive Scale
and
Emotional Forgiveness Scale
developed in line with this theory. Both scales are tools measuring episodic forgiveness is forgiveness for a specific transgression that is made once. Decisional forgiveness is a declaration to forgive, whereas emotional forgiveness is a “change of heart”. The results of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis showed that the structure of the Polish scales is exactly the same as of the original tools, i.e., in case of the DTFS, a one-factor solution (CFI = .998, GFI = .990, RMSEA = .042), and in case of the EFS, a two-factor solution (CFI = .987; GFI = .984; RMSEA = .051). The Polish versions of the DTFS and EFS were significantly correlated with other tools of forgiveness (TRIM-18 – episodic forgiveness and HFS– dispositional forgiveness).
It is conceivable that one’s level of self-forgiveness is likely to be influenced by the extent to which one feels forgiven by God. Also, self-forgiveness, especially when the self-offense involves ...wronging another, is likely to be influenced by the extent to which one feels forgiven by the victim. Therefore, this study was aimed at simultaneously examining the interplay between divine, victim, and self-forgiveness as well as their effects on psychological outcomes. In Study 1, we examined the relative strength of divine and victim forgiveness as predictors of self-forgiveness and found that divine and victim forgiveness predicted self-forgiveness independently from each other. In Study 2, we examined the unique effects of three types of forgiveness on psychological outcomes and found that while all three types of forgiveness are associated with each other, after controlling for the other two types of forgiveness, self-forgiveness alone predicted anger, anxiety, and depression. A further analysis showed that self-forgiveness mediated the relationship between divine and victim forgiveness and psychological outcomes. In other words, divine and victim forgiveness contribute to self-forgiveness, which in turn lead to better psychological outcomes.
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