Although foster families serve a critical societal role, little is known about foster family communication dynamics. The present study investigated the relationship of current foster parents' ...(n = 158) communication with his/her foster child on foster parents' perceptions of relational and child well-being. Structural equation modeling analysis revealed that foster parent-child communication is associated with foster parents' perceptions of shared family identity, relational closeness, and child resiliency. These findings suggest the importance of domain-specific family communication orientations and underscore the critical role of open communication in foster families.
Социальная успешность детерминирует социальную адаптацию и выступает системообразующим элементом личностного и профессионального самоопределения приемного ребенка. Цель исследования – изучение ...социальной успешности приемного ребенка как фактора эффективности замещающей семьи. В исследовании использованы следующие методы: анализ научной литературы, интервальные наблюдения жизнедеятельности замещающих семей, анализ дневниковых записей замещающих родителей, опросы и собеседования с приемными детьми и замещающими родителями, анализ биографий приемных детей, описание, обобщение и систематизация научных данных. Выявлены компоненты социальной успешности приемного ребенка в процессе воспитания в замещающей семье. В результате изучения жизнедеятельности замещающих семей выделены позитивные и негативные социально-психологические явления. Ключевым фактором повышения эффективности воспитания приемных детей являются условия развития их социальной успешности, психолого-педагогическая поддержка социальной адаптации и реадаптации ребенка. Научная новизна исследования заключается в представлении структурированных данных о социальной успешности приемного ребенка и ее психолого-педагогических условиях. Установлены особенности проявления социальной успешности в процессе профессионального образования и реализации себя приемным ребенком в качестве взрослого. В результате выделены специфические черты поведения приемных детей в демонстрации внешней и внутренней составляющей социальной успешности, представлены направления социально-психологической и психолого-педагогической работы с ними.
This study used an ethological approach to explore the behavioural adaptation of nineteen infants during their first six weeks in Residential Care (RC), or a Foster Family (FF) or an Infant-Mother ...Centre (IMC). Direct observations were conducted once a week at bath time. Observed behaviours were: sleep-wake states, visual exploration, motor activity, facial and vocal expressions. Non-parametric analyses showed that, in RC, the duration of bathing was the shortest and babies expressed more crying and withdrawal and less locomotor abilities and vocalizations. By contrast, in IMC, the bathing time was the longest and babies spent the least time in crying and showed the most locomotor abilities and vocalizations. The placement in FF showed intermediate results. This study showed sleep-wake states and behaviours that found variable expression depending on the placement environment and therefore could be considered as markers of the baby's adaptation to his placement milieu in follow-up quantitative studies.
The study investigated the role of the postnatal caregiving environment in the socio-emotional development of children under the age of 16 who had been exposed to alcohol in utero and placed in ...foster family care (
n
=
38). Quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis were utilized. Based on psychological examinations, most of the children (76%) were reported to have at least one developmental problem; concentration, attention and language/speech problems being the most typical. The critical issues affecting children's development were 1) the range of somatic illnesses and disabilities that had impaired their functional capacity, 2) children's age at the time of the first placement and of entry into long-term foster family care, and 3) the number of traumatic experiences. Placement outside a biological family at an early age decreased, and traumatic experiences, illnesses and disabilities increased socio-emotional problems (including neuropsychological problems). Undiagnosed children had more behavioural problems measured by the Child Behaviour Checklist than children with foetal alcohol syndrome, but in general the differences between the diagnostic categories were small. Damage to the central nervous system by prenatal alcohol exposure together with lack of constructive early interaction seems to launch a process which may make it difficult for the child to form a coherent picture of him-/herself and to control his/her feelings and behaviour.
Research Framework : Preschool children are less likely to be reunified to their biological parents after being in foster care and generally have more stable foster placement. However, little is ...known about the factors associated with stable placement in preschool children and, in particular, the role of parent-child contact on placement trajectories of these children. Objectives : This study examines the relation between parent-child contacts after foster placement and three aspects related to foster placement stability : the prospect of parent-child reunification, the occurrence of family reunification failure, and the number of placement changes experienced by the child. Methodology : Fifty-four biological parents and 43 foster parents responsible for young children aged between 12 and 43 months were met. Socio-demographic and contact arrangements information were collected during individual interviews and biological parents’ commitment to their child placed in a foster home was measured. Results : Results show that parent-child contact is positively and significantly or marginally associated with prognosis for family reunification, even after controlling for potentially confounding ecological characteristics. Beyond contact arrangements, biological parental commitment to their child is associated with the prospect of family reunification. Conclusions : Thus, results of this study confirm the role of parental commitment following foster care and support the development of interventions that promote this component of parenthood. Contribution : This study sheds light on the distinct roles of parental commitment and parent-child contact on the prospect of family reunification and supports future research in this area.
The purpose of this article is to analyse the results of research aimed at identifying features of the family image in adolescents who have experience of living in closed institutions. Based on the ...results of the study significant differences in the family image of graduates of closed institutions and their peers who are raised in families have been revealed. The image of a family of domestic teenagers is clearly defined, structured, with distributed intra-family roles. Independence and socialization of teenagers brings to the image of the family a serious and responsible attitude to family relations. The key role in the image of a family of home teenagers is played by such qualities as determination, selfsufficiency, independence. Openness is a quality that distinguishes domestic teenagers from their peers from foster families and closed institutions. Home teenagers give meaning to relationships, household sphere and symbols in the image of the family. The image of the family in teenagers who are raised in blood families is described in more detail than in their peers from closed institutions and foster families.
The aim of this study was to conduct an exhaustive synthesis to determine which instruments and variables are most appropriate to evaluate foster care programs (foster, kinship, and professional ...families). This evaluation includes the children, their foster families, their families of origin, professionals, and foster care technicians.
The systematic review included randomized, quasi-randomized, longitudinal, and control group studies aimed at evaluating foster care interventions.
A total of 86 studies, 138 assessment instruments, 18 constructs, and 73 independent research teams were identified.
(1) although the object of the evaluations was the children, the informants were usually the people in charge of their care; therefore, effort should be made to involve the children in a more participatory way; (2) psychosocial functioning, behavior, and parenting are transversal elements in most evaluations, while quality of life and coping are not sufficiently well incorporated; (3) practical instruments (brief and easy to apply and correct) that are widely used and carry scientific guarantees should be prioritized to ensure the comparability and reliability of the conclusions; and (4) progress should be made in the study of evaluation models for all forms of foster care, including foster, extended, and specialized families.
ABSTRACT
The present pilot study focuses on the adaptive processes of babies who are placed during their first months of life. It used an ethological approach to explore the behavioural adjustment of ...19 infants from their arrival in placement through their first 6 weeks in Residential Care (RC; France), a Foster Family (FF; Québec) or an Infant–Mother Centre (IMC; Québec). Direct observations were conducted once a week during feeding sessions. Observed behaviours were as follows: sleep–wake state, self‐soothing, burp, visual exploration, motor activity, facial and vocal expressions. Then, a Kruskal–Wallis test was conducted to examine differences in babies’ adaption as a function of placement setting. Results showed that, in RC, the duration of the post‐feeding phase is the shortest. Moreover, these institutionalized babies showed the most modes of self‐protection and the fewest vocalizations. By contrast, babies placed in the IMC spent the least time in withdrawal, expressed motor activity more regularly and were never placed back in their recliner before burping. Larger differences appear comparing placement in RC and that in the IMC, the placement in FF showing intermediate results.
RESUMEN
El presente estudio piloto se enfoca en los procesos adaptivos de los bebés que son colocados durante sus primeros meses de vida. El estudio utilizó un acercamiento etológico para explorar la adaptación de comportamiento de diecinueve infantes a partir de su llegada al lugar donde se les colocó y a lo largo de sus primeras seis semanas en cuidado residencial (Francia) o dentro de una familia que les dio acogida (Quebec), o en un centro de infante‐madre (Quebec). Se llevaron a cabo observaciones directas una vez por semana durante las sesiones de alimentación. Los comportamientos observados fueron: el estado de dormir‐despertar, el auto‐calmarse, el eructo, la exploración visual, la actividad motora, las expresiones faciales y vocales. Luego, un examen Kruskal‐Wallis se llevó a cabo para examinar las diferencias en la adaptación de los bebés como una función del escenario de colocación.
Los resultados mostraron que, en el cuidado residencial, la duración de la fase posterior a la alimentación es la más corta. Es más, estos bebés colocados en instituciones mostraron más maneras de auto‐protección y memos vocalizaciones. En contraste, los bebés colocados en el centro de infante‐madre pasaron el menor tiempo en retracción, expresaron actividad motora más regularmente y nunca se les puso de vuelta en el sillón reclinable antes de los eructos. Diferencias mayores aparecen, comparando el lugar de colocación en cuidado residencial y en el centro de infante‐madre, mientras que la colocación en familias que les acogen mostró resultados intermedios.
RÉSUMÉ
Cette étude pilote porte sur les processus d'adaptation des bébés qui sont placés en famille durant les premiers mois de leur vie. Nous avons utilisé une approche éthologique afin d'explorer l'ajustement comportemental de dix‐neuf nourrissons depuis leur arrivée en placement et au fil de leurs six premières semaines en soin résidentiel (en France) et en famille d'accueil (au Québec) ou dans un centre nourrisson‐mère (au Québec). Des observations directes ont été faites une fois par semaine durant les séances d'allaitement. Les comportements observés étaient: l’état de sommeil‐éveil, l'auto‐apaisement, le rot, l'exploration visuelle, l'activité motrice, les expressions faciales et vocales. Ensuite un test Kruskal‐Wallis a été fait afin d'examiner les différences dans l'adaptation des bébés comme une fonction du contexte de placement. Les résultats ont montré qu'en soin résidentiel la durée de la phase d'après allaitement est la plus courte. De plus ces bébés placés en institution ont fait preuve du plus de modes d'auto‐protection et de moins de vocalisations. En contraste, les bébés placés en centre nourrisson‐mère ont passé le moins de temps en sevrage, ont exprimé une activité motrice plus régulièrement et n'ont jamais été remis dans leur siège inclinable avant le rot. On constate des différences plus importantes en comparant ces données entre le placement résidentiel et celui en centre nourrisson‐mère, le placement en famille d'accueil montrant des résultats immédiats.
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Anpassung von Babys an drei Arten der Unterbringung: Ein ethologischer Ansatz
Die vorliegende Pilotstudie konzentriert sich auf die Anpassungsprozesse von Babys, die in ihren ersten Lebensmonaten untergebracht werden. Es wurde ein ethologischer Ansatz verwendet, um 6 Wochen lang die Verhaltensanpassung von neunzehn Säuglingen zu untersuchen, die in der Heimpflege (Frankreich), einer Pflegefamilie (Québec) oder einem Mutter‐Kind‐Zentrum (Québec) untergebracht wurden. Einmal pro Woche wurden während des Fütterns direkte Beobachtungen durchgeführt. Beobachtete Verhaltensweisen waren: Schlaf‐Wach‐Zustand, Selbstberuhigung, Bäuerchen, visuelle Erkundung, motorische Aktivität, Gesichtsausdruck und Lautäußerungen. Anschließend wurde ein Kruskal‐Wallis‐Test durchgeführt, um Unterschiede in der Anpassung der Babys in Abhängigkeit zu ihrer Unterbringung zu untersuchen. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass bei der Heimpflege die Dauer der Nachfütterungsphase am kürzesten war. Darüber hinaus zeigten diese in ein Heim eingewiesenen Babys die meisten Formen des Selbstschutzes und die wenigsten Lautäußerungen. Im Gegensatz dazu verbrachten Babys, die in Mutter‐Kind‐Zentren untergebracht waren, die geringste Zeit in einer Rückzugshaltung, zeigten regelmäßigere motorische Aktivität und wurden nie in ihre Liege zurückgelegt, bevor sie ihr Bäuerchen gemacht hatten. Beim Vergleich von Heimunterbringung und der Unterbringung in Mutter‐Kind‐Zentren traten größere Unterschiede auf, während die Unterbringung in Pflegefamilien dazwischenliegende Ergebnisse erzielte.
抄録
3タイプの委託における乳児の適応:動物行動学的アプローチ
本予備研究では、生後初期の数か月間に各施設に委託された赤ちゃんの適応的な 過程に焦点を当てている。動物行動学的アプローチを用いて、19人の新生児が乳 児院 (フランス) 、里親家庭 (ケベック) 、または母子センター (ケベック) へ の委託に際し、到着から6週間経過するまでの行動的な調整を検討した。週に1回、 哺乳時間中に直接観察が行われた。観察された行動は、睡眠覚醒状態、自己鎮静 行動、げっぷ、視覚的探索、身体活動、顔の表情および発声であった。次に、 Kruskal‐Wallis 検定により、委託による機能としての赤ちゃんの適応の差を分 析した。 その結果、乳児院では、哺乳後段階にかける時間が最も短いことが示された。さ らに、これらの施設入所した赤ちゃんは、自己防衛とみられる様式のほとんどを 示し、発声は最も少ないことが判明した。対照的に、母子センターに預けられた 乳児は、うちにこもる時間が最も短く、より規則的に体を動かしており、げっぷ する前にベビーラックに戻されることはなかった。乳児院と母子センターへの委 託を比較すると、より顕著な差が認められ、里親家庭への委託はその中間の結果 を示していた。
摘要
本文的试点研究侧重于婴儿出生后头几个月的适应过程。它使用了一种行为学的方法来探索19名婴儿到达安置点后, 寄宿式护理 (法国) 、或寄养家庭 (魁北克) 、或母婴中心 (魁北克) , 前六周的行为调整。在喂食期间, 每周进行一次直接观察。观察到的行为有:睡眠‐觉醒状态、自我安慰、打嗝、视觉探索、自主活动、面部和声音表达。然后, 进行了Kruskal‐Wallis检验, 以考察婴儿对安置环境适应的差异。结果表明, 在RC中, 后喂食阶段的持续时间最短。此外, 这些被收容的婴儿表现出的自我保护方式最多、发声最少。相比之下, 放置在IMC中的婴儿撤走花费的时间最少, 他们表现出更规律的自主活动, 而且在打嗝之前从未被放回躺椅上。与安置在寄养家庭的中等效果对比, 安置在RC和IMC中的婴儿表现出更大的差异。
ملخص
تكيف الأطفال في ثلاثة أنواع من الإيداع: دراسة في إطار المنهج السلوكي
تركز هذه الدراسة التجريبية على العمليات التكيفية للأطفال الذين يوضعون في الرعاية خلال الأشهر الأولى من حياتهم. استخدمت الدرسة نهجاً سلوكياً لاستكشاف التكيف السلوكي لتسعة عشر رضيعاً منذ وصولهم إلى مكانهم خلال الأسابيع الستة الأولى من إيداعهم في الرعاية السكنية في (فرنسا)، أو مع أسرة حاضنة في (كيبيك) أو مركز الأمومة والطفولة في (كيبيك). وأجريت ملاحظات مباشرة مرة في الأسبوع أثناء جلسات التغذية. وكانت السلوكيات الملحوظة هي: حالة النوم والاستيقاظ، تهدئة الذات، والتجشؤ، والاستكشاف البصري، والنشاط الحركي، وتعبيرات الوجه والصوت. وبعد ذلك تم إجراء اختبار كريسكال‐واليس لاكتشاف الاختلافات في تكيف الأطفال حسب اختلاف مكان الإيداع. أظهرت النتائج أن في الرعاية السكنية كانت مدة مرحلة ما بعد التغذية هي الأقصر. كما أظهر هؤلاء الأطفال المودعون في المؤسسات مظاهر أكثر من الحماية الذاتية وقلة الأصوات. وعلى النقيض من ذلك، أمضى الأطفال الذين يوضعون في مركز الأمومة والطفولة أقل وقت في الانسحاب، وكان نشاطهم الحركي أكثر انتظاماً. تشير النتائج بشكل عام إلى اختلافات أكبر عند مقارنة الرعاية السكنية (RC) مع مركز الأمومة والطفولة (IMC) في حين كانت نتائج الأسرة الحاضنة متوسطة.
Guided by narrative theorizing, the present study analyzed the ways foster parents create and tell foster entrance narratives (FENs) to their foster child. Thematic and content analyses of 101 foster ...parents' FENs illuminated nine emergent themes-birth parent consequences, deep connection, special, untold, birth parent learning, temporary, pragmatic, forever, and better off. Structural equation modeling revealed significant relationships between FEN themes and foster parents' perceptions of foster child adjustment and foster parent-child relational closeness. Findings demonstrate the way foster parents narratively manage birth parent identity, how FENs clarify family boundaries, and the impact of (not) telling FENs on relationships outside the family.
Cadre de la recherche : Les enfants d’âge préscolaire sont moins susceptibles de retourner dans leur milieu d’origine suite à une mesure de placement et ont généralement des trajectoires de placement ...plus stables. Or, nous en connaissons peu sur les facteurs associés à la stabilité du placement chez les enfants d’âge préscolaire et plus particulièrement, sur le rôle des contacts parent-enfant sur la trajectoire de placement de ces enfants. Objectifs : La présente étude examine les liens entre les contacts parent-enfant et trois indices de stabilité de la trajectoire de placement : les perspectives de réunification familiale, la survenue d’un échec de la réunification et le nombre de milieux substituts où l’enfant a été hébergé suite à son placement. Méthodologie : Cinquante-quatre parents biologiques et 43 parents substituts responsables de jeunes enfants âgés entre 12 et 43 mois sont rencontrés. Les informations liées au contexte socio-démographique et aux modalités de contacts sont recueillies lors d’une entrevue individuelle avec le parent biologique et l’engagement parental est évalué à partir d’une grille d’observation. Résultats : Les résultats indiquent que les contacts parent-enfant sont associés ou tendent à être associés aux perspectives de réunification familiale et ce, même après avoir contrôlé pour des caractéristiques écologiques potentiellement confondantes. Ces résultats indiquent également qu’au-delà des modalités de contacts, l’engagement du parent biologique envers son enfant contribue aux perspectives de réunification familiale. Conclusions : Ainsi, les résultats de cette étude confirment le rôle de l’engagement parental suite au placement en famille d’accueil et soutiennent l’élaboration d’interventions favorisant cette composante de la parentalité. Contribution : Cette étude offre un éclairage pertinent sur les rôles distincts de l’engagement parental et du maintien des contacts parent-enfant sur les perspectives de réunification familiale et soutient les travaux de recherche futurs dans ce domaine.
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