Repeated presence of strawberries amongst produce with pesticide residues results in questionings related to the risks involved by its consumption. Deterministic and probabilistic risk assessment ...methods might be used depending on the available data. In the present study, both methods were used to estimate risks of pesticide intake by strawberry consumption. Strawberry samples along two years were analyzed via the multiresidue method. Results of active ingredients (a.i.) concentrations were organized and used for calculations for intake estimates. On the deterministic method, intake was calculated based on the data of a.i. concentration and consumption data coming from an online questionnaire and body weight between 5 and 70 kg. On the probabilistic method, the concentrations of a.i. and body weight of 60 kg were evaluated in two scenarios: a) consumption data from an online questionnaire or b) consumption data retrieved from Family Budget Survey of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. In the 62 strawberry samples, 38 a.i. were quantified and in 25 samples the residue analyses were considered satisfactory and 37 had an unsatisfactory outcome. In the deterministic approach, 23% of the a.i. had a calculated intake higher than the acceptable daily intake (ADI) and risk concentrated in body weights between 5 and 30 kg. The risk is low when considering a body weight of 60 kg. All a.i. tested in the first scenario of the probabilistic method pointed towards some possibility of intake being higher than the ADI. In the second scenario, only the a.i. procymidone exceeded the ADI.
RESUMO: A frequente presença do morango entre os alimentos com resíduos de agrotóxicos acima do limite máximo ou não autorizados gera uma série de questionamentos em relação aos riscos envolvidos no seu consumo. Nos processos de avaliação do riscopodemserutilizadosmétodosdeterminísticos e probabilísticosdependendo dos dados disponíveis. O objetivodestetrabalhofoiconduzirumaavaliaçãodeterminística e probabilística do risco de ingestão de agrotóxicosatravés do consumo de morangos. Para tanto, 62 amostras de morangosforamanalisadasatravés do método de multiresíduos entre osanos de 2018 e 2019. Osresultados de concentração dos ingredientesativosforamorganizados e utilizados para oscálculos de estimativa da ingestão. No métododeterminísticoaingestãofoicalculada com base nos dados de concentração dos ingredientesativos das amostras de morangos, dados de consumoprovenientes de um questionário online e pesos corporais entre 5 e 70 kg. No métodoprobabilísticoforamutilizadosos dados de concentração dos ingredientesativos das amostras e peso corporal de 60 kg noscenários um e dois, onde, no primeiro, os dados de consumoutilizadosforamos dados do questionário e no segundoos dados de consumo de morangoprovenientes da Pesquisa de OrçamentosFamiliares. Nas 62 amostras de morangoanalisadasforamdetectados 38 ingredientesativos, sendo 25 amostrasconsideradassatisfatórias, e 37 insatisfatórias. Entre osingredientesativosdetectados, 40% nãotêmseuusoautorizado para a cultura. Na avaliaçãodeterminística, 23% dos ingredientesativosapresentaramingestãocalculada superior a ingestãodiáriaaceitávelempelomenos um cenário, estando o riscoconcentradonos pesos corporais entre 5 e 30 kg, sendo o riscobaixoquandoconsiderado o peso corporal de 60 kg. Todososingredientesativostestados no primeirocenário da avaliaçãoprobabilísticaapresentaramalgumapossibilidade de aingestãoser superior a ingestãodiáriaaceitável, enquanto que para o segundocenárioapenas o ingredienteativoprocimidonasuperou a ingestãodiáriaaceitável. Entre osmodelosestudados, o primeirocenário da avaliaçãoprobabilísticafoi o que apresentou a maiorprobabilidade de provocarintoxicação e procimidonafoi o ingredienteativomaisfrequentementedetectadonasamostras, e que apresentou as maiores chances de oferecerrisco à saúde.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Fruit and vegetable consumption is low compared to recommendations worldwide. Few studies have investigated intakes of fruit and vegetables and barriers to meeting recommendations in a mixed-method ...design. Moreover, there is a need to better understand differences in these barriers by population subgroups. This study aimed to examine fruit and vegetable intake and barriers to meeting recommendations and differences by sex, age and socio-economic groups. Data on adults from the cross-sectional Greater Bendigo Active Living Census 2014 were used. Participants self-reported intake of fruit and vegetables and completed an open-ended question on barriers to meeting recommended intakes. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine odds of meeting recommended intakes. Leximancer was used for thematic analyses of barriers. A total of 13,788 individuals (54% female, 52.1 (SD 17.7) years) were included in the quantitative analyses. Qualitative data were available for 5649 of these individuals. Only seven percent of participants met recommended intakes for fruit and vegetables. Barriers were lack of time, that guidelines were perceived as unachievable, the wide variety of other foods available and the high cost and limited availability of fresh fruit and vegetables. The most relevant barriers by subgroups were: taste (12%) and lack of appetite (18%) for males and females, respectively; lack of time (26–28%) and lack of appetite (70%) for young to middle aged adults and older adults, respectively and cost (35%) and availability of fresh fruits and vegetables (22%) for rural and disadvantaged groups. Findings have implications for the design of healthy eating strategies, which may benefit from being tailored to key population groups.
The available evidence regarding the role of fruit and vegetable consumption in the development of colorectal polyps remains inconclusive, and there is a lack of data on different histopathologic ...features of polyps. We aimed to evaluate the associations of fruit and vegetable consumption with the prevalence of colorectal polyps and its subtypes in a high-risk population in China.
We included 6783 Chinese participants aged 40-80 years who were at high risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the Lanxi Pre-colorectal Cancer Cohort (LP3C). Dietary information was obtained through a validated food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and colonoscopy screening was used to detect colorectal polyps. Dose-response associations of fruit and vegetable intake with the prevalence of polyps were calculated using multivariate-adjusted regression models, which was reported as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
2064 cases of colorectal polyps were ascertained in the LP3C during 2018-2019. Upon multivariable adjustments, including the diet quality, fruit consumption was inversely associated with the prevalence of polyps (P trend = 0.02). Participants in the highest tertile of fruit intake had a 25% lower risk (OR: 0.75; 95% CI 0.62‒0.92) compared to non-consumers, while vegetable consumption had no significant association with polyp prevalence (P trend = 0.86). In terms of colorectal histopathology and multiplicity, higher fruit intake was correlated with 24, 23, and 33% lower prevalence of small polyps (OR: 0.76; 95% CI 0.62‒0.94; P trend = 0.05), single polyp (OR: 0.77; 95% CI 0.62‒0.96; P trend = 0.04), and distal colon polyps (OR: 0.67; 95% CI 0.51‒0.87; P trend = 0.003), respectively.
Fresh fruit is suggested as a protective factor to prevent colorectal polyps in individuals at high risk of CRC, and should be underscored in dietary recommendations, particularly for high-risk populations.
Abstract
Background
Poor cooking skills have been linked to unhealthy diets. However, limited research has examined associations of cooking skills with older adults’ health outcomes. We examined ...whether cooking skills were associated with dietary behaviors and body weight among older people in Japan.
Methods
We used cross-sectional data from the 2016 Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study, a self-report, population-based questionnaire study of men (
n
= 9143) and women (
n
= 10,595) aged ≥65 years. The cooking skills scale, which comprises seven items with good reliability, was modified for use in Japan. We calculated adjusted relative risk ratios of unhealthy dietary behaviors (low frequency of home cooking, vegetable/fruit intake; high frequency of eating outside the home) using logistic or Poisson regression, and relative risk ratios of obesity and underweight using multinomial logistic regression.
Results
Women had higher levels of cooking skills, compared with men. Women with a moderate to low level of cooking skills were 3.35 (95% confidence interval CI: 2.87–3.92) times more likely to have a lower frequency of home cooking and 1.61 (95% CI: 1.36–1.91) times more likely to have a lower frequency of vegetable/fruit intake, compared with women with a high level of cooking skills. Men with a low level of cooking skills were 2.56 (95% CI: 2.36–2.77) times more likely to have a lower frequency of home cooking and 1.43 (95% CI: 1.06–1.92) times more likely to be underweight, compared with men with a high level of cooking skills. Among men in charge of meals, those with a low level of cooking skills were 7.85 (95% CI: 6.04–10.21) times more likely to have a lower frequency of home cooking, 2.28 (95% CI: 1.36–3.82) times more likely to have a higher frequency of eating outside the home, and 2.79 (95% CI: 1.45–5.36) times more likely to be underweight, compared with men with a high level of cooking skills. Cooking skills were unassociated with obesity.
Conclusions
A low level of cooking skills was associated with unhealthy dietary behaviors and underweight, especially among men in charge of meals. Research on improving cooking skills among older adults is needed.
•We found that fruit intake decreased the risks of developing OSO in postmenopausal women aged 50–64.•This finding suggests that the intake of fruits may potentially help reduce the risks of body ...composition abnormalities.•Further longitudinal studies are needed to systemically investigate the intake of various food categories that influence OSO-related factors.
The purpose of this study was to assess the association between fruit intake and abnormalities in body composition (bone, muscle, and adipose tissue) related to osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO) in postmenopausal women.
The data of 1420 postmenopausal women aged 50–64 years were collected from cross-sectional studies conducted by the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2008 to 2010.
A dietary intake survey was administered using the 24-h dietary recall method, and intakes of nutrients and food groups were analyzed. Body composition was evaluated using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Body composition abnormalities include low bone mass (T-score<−1.0), low muscle mass (weight-adjusted appendicular skeletal muscle mass below the mean reference value of healthy young adults), and obesity (waist circumference ≥85 cm). The associations between nutrient intake and fruit groups and the number of abnormalities in body composition were tested by logistic regression analysis.
The intakes of vitamin C and potassium per 1000 kcal of total energy intake were significantly lower in women with a larger number of abnormalities in body composition (p = 0.0155 and p = 0.0037, respectively). After controlling for covariates, women with a high intake of fruit (≥257.4 g/d) had a significantly reduced likelihood of multiple abnormalities in body composition compared with women with no fruit intake (p for trend: p < 0.01 for those with one, two, or three abnormalities).
Intake of fruits rich in vitamin C and potassium may help to decrease OSO-related risks in middle-aged postmenopausal women.
A dose–response and nonlinear association between fruit and vegetable intake and mortality has been reported in Europe and the United States, but little is known about this association in Asia.
This ...study aimed to evaluate the association of fruit and vegetable intake with all-cause, cancer, cardiovascular, and respiratory disease mortality in a Japanese cohort.
In the Japan Public Health Center-based prospective study, we included 94,658 participants (mean age: 56.4; 46.0% male) without cancer and cardiovascular disease at baseline. Information on fruit and vegetable intake was collected using a validated FFQ. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs of each quintile of fruit and vegetable intake, separately, in relation to all-cause and cause-specific mortality using the first quintile as a reference. Nonlinear associations were evaluated using a likelihood ratio test, comparing a linear model with a restricted cubic spline model.
During a median of 20.9 follow-up years (IQR: 19.6–23.8 y), 23,687 all-cause deaths were documented. After adjusting for age, sex, and potential confounding factors, fruit and vegetable intake was nonlinearly and significantly associated with lower all-cause mortality, with the fourth and fifth quintiles having comparable HRs (fruit: fourth quintile HR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.87, 0.95 and fifth quintile HR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.96; P-nonlinearity < 0.001; vegetable: fourth quintile HR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.97 and fifth quintile HR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.89, 0.98; P-nonlinearity = 0.002). Fruit intake was significantly associated with lower cardiovascular mortality (HR in the fifth quintile: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.83, 0.99; P-nonlinearity = 0.01).
In the Japanese population, higher intake of fruits and vegetables was nonlinearly associated with decreased all-cause mortality. These findings may contribute to the establishment of dietary recommendations for enhancing life expectancy in Asia.
Previous research has found a link between dietary factors and asthma. However, few studies have analyzed the relationship between dietary factors and asthma using Mendelian randomization. Methods: ...The IEU Open GWAS project (https://gwas.mrcieu.ac.uk/) was the source of exposure and outcome datasets. The exposure datasets included Alcoholic drinks per week, Alcohol intake frequency, Processed meat intake, Poultry intake, Beef intake, Non-oily fish intake, Oily fish intake, Pork intake, Lamb/mutton intake, Bread intake, Cheese intake, Cooked vegetable intake, Tea intake, Fresh fruit intake, Cereal intake, Salad/raw vegetable intake, Coffee intake, and Dried fruit intake. The weighted median, MR-Egger, and Inverse Variance Weighted methods were used as the main methods of Mendelian randomization analysis. Heterogeneity and pleiotropic analysis were performed to ensure the accuracy of the results.
Alcohol intake frequency (after removing outliers OR: 1.217; 95% CI: 1.048-1.413; p=0.00993) was related to an increased risk of Asthma. Fresh fruit intake (OR: 0.489; 95% CI: 0.320-0.748; p=0.000954) and Dried fruit intake (after removing outliers OR: 0.482; 95% CI: 0.325-0.717; p= 0.000312) were discovered as protective factors. Other dietary intakes found no causal relationship with asthma.
This study found that dried fruit intake and fresh fruit intake were associated with a reduced risk of asthma, and alcohol intake frequency was associated with an increased risk of asthma. This study also found that other factors included in this study were not associated with asthma.
Abstract Background There are currently no national standards for school lunch period length and little is known about the association between the amount of time students have to eat and school food ...selection and consumption. Objective Our aim was to examine plate-waste measurements from students in the control arm of the Modifying Eating and Lifestyles at School study (2011 to 2012 school year) to determine the association between amount of time to eat and school meal selection and consumption. Design We used a prospective study design using up to six repeated measures among students during the school year. Participants/setting One thousand and one students in grades 3 to 8 attending six participating elementary and middle schools in an urban, low-income school district where lunch period lengths varied from 20 to 30 minutes were included. Main outcome measures School food selection and consumption were collected using plate-waste methodology. Statistical analyses performed Logistic regression and mixed-model analysis of variance was used to examine food selection and consumption. Results Compared with meal-component selection when students had at least 25 minutes to eat, students were significantly less likely to select a fruit (44% vs 57%; P <0.0001) when they had <20 minutes to eat. There were no significant differences in entrée, milk, or vegetable selections. Among those who selected a meal component, students with <20 minutes to eat consumed 13% less of their entrée ( P <0.0001), 10% less of their milk ( P <0.0001), and 12% less of their vegetable ( P <0.0001) compared with students who had at least 25 minutes to eat. Conclusions During the school year, a substantial number of students had insufficient time to eat, which was associated with significantly decreased entrée, milk, and vegetable consumption compared with students who had more time to eat. School policies that encourage lunches with at least 25 minutes of seated time might reduce food waste and improve dietary intake.
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