Recent decades have seen a dramatic shift away from social forms of gambling played around roulette wheels and card tables to solitary gambling at electronic terminals. Slot machines, revamped by ...ever more compelling digital and video technology, have unseated traditional casino games as the gambling industry's revenue mainstay.Addiction by Designtakes readers into the intriguing world of machine gambling, an increasingly popular and absorbing form of play that blurs the line between human and machine, compulsion and control, risk and reward.
Drawing on fifteen years of field research in Las Vegas, anthropologist Natasha Dow Schüll shows how the mechanical rhythm of electronic gambling pulls players into a trancelike state they call the "machine zone," in which daily worries, social demands, and even bodily awareness fade away. Once in the zone, gambling addicts play not to win but simply to keep playing, for as long as possible--even at the cost of physical and economic exhaustion. In continuous machine play, gamblers seek to lose themselves while the gambling industry seeks profit. Schüll describes the strategic calculations behind game algorithms and machine ergonomics, casino architecture and "ambience management," player tracking and cash access systems--all designed to meet the market's desire for maximum "time on device." Her account moves from casino floors into gamblers' everyday lives, from gambling industry conventions and Gamblers Anonymous meetings to regulatory debates over whether addiction to gambling machines stems from the consumer, the product, or the interplay between the two.
Addiction by Designis a compelling inquiry into the intensifying traffic between people and machines of chance, offering clues to some of the broader anxieties and predicaments of contemporary life. At stake in Schüll's account of the intensifying traffic between people and machines of chance is a blurring of the line between design and experience, profit and loss, control and compulsion.
Background and aims
Money is central to psychological definitions of gambling, but contemporary accounts are ambiguous regarding the role of financial motives in disordered gambling. The aims of the ...current research were to obtain meta‐analytic weighted effect sizes for zero‐order associations of financial motives against gambling frequency and level of problem gambling, as well as partial associations after controlling for other motives (e.g. coping).
Methods
A meta‐analysis of the literature through February 2021 was undertaken. Studies were identified from multiple sources (e.g. database search, other researchers). PRISMA standards were followed when screening identified records and extracting relevant data. The data analytic plan was pre‐registered. We included 44 cross‐sectional studies that involved student, community and clinical samples of people who gamble (sample sizes ranged from 22–5666), using validated self‐report measures of financial gambling motives alongside measures of either gambling frequency and/or problem gambling.
Results
Financial gambling motives were positively associated with gambling frequency, r = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.21, 0.37, n = 22 738, and level of problem gambling, r = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.31, 0.38, n = 38 204, with moderate effect sizes. Partial associations after controlling for overlapping variance with other gambling motives were also positive (gambling frequency: β = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.05, 0.22, n = 13 844; level of problem gambling: β = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.13, 0.22, n = 28 146), with small‐to‐moderate effect sizes. Effect sizes were heterogeneous and the extent of heterogeneity was high. Analyses of the zero‐order association involving gambling frequency indicated that gambling motives measure (greater for Gambling Motives Questionnaire‐Financial) and sample mean age (greater for younger samples) were moderators. No other moderators were statistically significant.
Conclusions
Financial gambling motives appear to be reliably and positively associated with both gambling frequency and level of problem gambling.
At odds Morton, Suzanne
At odds,
2003, 20030111, 2003, 2000, 2003-01-01, 2003-12-15, 20030101
eBook
Using a rich variety of historical sources, Suzanne Morton traces the history of gambling regulation in five Canadian provinces ? Nova Scotia, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, and B.C. ? from the First ...World War to the federal legalization in 1969.
Since the publication of the Reno Model in 2004, stakeholders have grappled with the best way to promote responsible gambling and its essential features. While the Reno Model prescribed a broad set ...of interacting goals and activities across multiple stakeholders, to date, an in-depth consideration of the specialized role of gambling-industry businesses in promoting responsible gambling remains to be realized. This type of deep dive into industry-oriented responsible gambling is important to accomplish because the gambling industry has unique responsibilities for developing safer gambling environments. Therefore, this position paper provides a strategic framework that describes principles and practices to guide gambling-industry businesses in the implementation of contemporary systems-based responsible gambling initiatives. The foundational systems-based responsible gambling approach sets forth responsible gambling principles for core gambling-industry business units including customer experience, public messaging, data science, game development, regulatory affairs, and the executive level, as well as five main practices to be applied to each business unit: evaluation, research, needs assessment, needs-based training, and technical assistance. This approach is flexible and can be adjusted to reflect different organizations’ unique structures and needs.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Associative learning is the process whereby a connection is formed between a sensory cue and an outcome resulting from a behavioral response. This process allows us to learn to ...adapt and optimally respond to a changing environment. Primate research has demonstrated that the caudate nucleus is involved in associative learning and contains information encoding whether a response was correct or incorrect. Our objective was to determine whether correlates of learning are present in the human caudate nucleus and to differentiate between learning and reward related signaling.
METHODS
Five subjects who underwent depth electrode placement for seizure localization for medically refractory epilepsy were included in our study. Two behavioral tasks were performed while intracranial local field potentials were recorded from the implanted electrodes. A learning task required subjects to learn an association between a series of presented images and a button press. A gambling task required subjects to place a wager on the outcome of a simulated card game. We computed power in caudate electrodes and compared power during the feedback epoch of the task between correct and incorrect trials for the learning task and between winning and losing trials for the gambling task.
RESULTS
>There was a significant increase in beta (15-30Hz) power during the feedback epoch of the learning task, with significant differences between beta power following correct versus incorrect responses. Conversely, no difference in beta power was seen during the feedback epoch of the gambling task between winning and losing trials.
CONCLUSION
Changes in beta power were seen in the caudate nucleus that differed between correct and incorrect trials in a learning task. No correlate was seen in a gambling task, suggesting that this signal is related specifically to learning rather than to reward.
Numerous responsible gambling (RG) strategies are promoted to assist consumers to “gamble responsibly”. However, consumer adoption of RG strategies, how this varies by gambler risk group, and whether ...usage is associated with non-problematic gambling are largely unknown. This study aimed to (1) determine how use of RG-related strategies differs amongst regular gamblers by gambler risk group; and (2) identify RG-related strategies whose usage predicts non-problem/low risk gambling. Regular Australian gamblers on high-risk products (
N
= 860), recruited through gambling venues and an online wagering operator, were surveyed about their use of RG strategies promoted on the website of their jurisdiction’s main RG agency. Knowledge of RG strategies was reasonably high amongst all gambler risk groups, but lower-risk groups were more likely to use RG strategies. A logistic regression correctly predicted 82.1 % of lower-risk gamblers and 77.2 % of higher-risk gamblers. Predictors of lower-risk gambling included: greater confidence in their understanding of RG; endorsement of lower gambling expenditure and frequency limits; fewer erroneous gambling beliefs; being less likely to gamble to win money, challenge their skills/beat the odds, or forget about worries and stresses; and being more likely to gamble for pleasure/entertainment. Lower-risk gamblers were more likely to set a money limit in advance of gambling and to balance their gambling with other activities. These findings contribute to understanding which strategies are favoured by different risk groups, and which are associated with safer levels of gambling. They can guide consumer information aimed at enhancing RG consumption and future research on RG consumption.
Harm from gambling is known to impact individuals, families, and communities; and these harms are not restricted to people with a gambling disorder. Currently, there is no robust and inclusive ...internationally agreed upon definition of gambling harm. In addition, the current landscape of gambling policy and research uses inadequate proxy measures of harm, such as problem gambling symptomology, that contribute to a limited understanding of gambling harms. These issues impede efforts to address gambling from a public health perspective.
Data regarding harms from gambling was gathered using four separate methodologies, a literature review, focus groups and interviews with professionals involved in the support and treatment of gambling problems, interviews with people who gamble and their affected others, and an analysis of public forum posts for people experiencing problems with gambling and their affected others. The experience of harm related to gambling was examined to generate a conceptual framework. The catalogue of harms experienced were organised as a taxonomy.
The current paper proposes a definition and conceptual framework of gambling related harm that captures the full breadth of harms that gambling can contribute to; as well as a taxonomy of harms to facilitate the development of more appropriate measures of harm.
Our aim is to create a dialogue that will lead to a more coherent interpretation of gambling harm across treatment providers, policy makers and researchers.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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