El 14,7 % de las tierras del planeta y el 10 % de sus aguas territoriales se encuentran bajo categorías de conservación en 2016. La República Argentina cuenta con 437 áreas protegidas que cubren el ...11,9 % de la superficie terrestre y el 4,9 % de la superficie marina. Las áreas protegidas no solo conservan ambientes y especies, sino que también tienen impacto sobre los territorios y las poblaciones humanas que viven dentro y en torno a estos espacios. En el modelo "clásico" de conservación, las poblaciones locales han sido consideradas como externalidades a las áreas protegidas, si bien el vínculo con estas poblaciones ha sido frecuente fuente de conflictos y negociaciones. Esta forma de relación entre áreas protegidas y poblaciones continúa vigente, lo cual genera múltiples tensiones. En este artículo buscamos participar de una definición de las áreas protegidas y la conservación que incorpore el vínculo con las poblaciones locales. Para esto desarrollamos el concepto de arena política, en tanto espacio social que emerge de las interacciones interpersonales. Para esto realizamos un recorrido conceptual que incluye diversos abordajes de las ciencias sociales sobre políticas de conservación, y hacemos referencias ilustrativas al caso del Parque Nacional Iguazú (Argentina).
En el desarrollo de este trabajo se ha tratado de explotar la información que sobre el territorio ofrecen las fotografías, presentando una propuesta que toma en cuenta el costo financiero e integra ...al principio básico del muestreo sistemático, la espacialización a través de ortofotos, como fase previa a la realización de una encuesta socioeconómica en la parroquia amazónica Diez de Agosto, Ecuador. El procedimiento aporta al muestreo sistemático algunas bondades: reemplaza los requerimientos de ordenar y numerar la población objetivo, así como de disponer del trazado físico de todas las unidades de muestreo, en virtud de que integra una representación física georreferenciada del terreno identificada en el mosaico ortofotográfico. Además, la utilización de una grilla cuadricular de lado igual al salto sistemático, conjuntamente con el ángulo elegido al azar con el que se sobrepone al espacio de la población para elegir sus elementos, le infiere aleatoriedad, asegurando que la muestra sea extendida equitativamente hacia toda la población. El método también evidenció que es factible combinar la situación financiera con la precisión que se puede alcanzar con el muestreo y que favorece la captura de información en un GPS navegador para facilitar el reconocimiento de las unidades espaciales en campo.
The question of how new regional growth paths emerge has been raised by many leading economic geographers. From an evolutionary perspective, there are strong reasons to believe that regions are most ...likely to branch into industries that are technologically related to the preexisting industries in the regions. Using a new indicator of technological relatedness between manufacturing industries, we analyzed the economic evolution of 70 Swedish regions from 1969 to 2002 with detailed plant-level data. Our analyses show that the long-term evolution of the economic landscape in Sweden is subject to strong path dependencies. Industries that were technologically related to the preexisting industries in a region had a higher probability of entering that region than did industries that were technologically unrelated to the region's preexisting industries. These industries had a higher probability of exiting that region. Moreover, the industrial profiles of Swedish regions showed a high degree of technological cohesion. Despite substantial structural change, this cohesion was persistent over time. Our methodology also proved useful when we focused on the economic evolution of one particular region. Our analysis indicates that the Linköping region increased its industrial cohesion over 30 years because of the entry of industries that were closely related to its regional portfolio and the exit of industries that were technologically peripheral. In summary, we found systematic evidence that the rise and fall of industries is strongly conditioned by industrial relatedness at the regional level.
Biosecurity, as a response to threats from zoonotic, food-borne and emerging infectious diseases, implies and is often understood in terms of a spatial segregation of forms of life, a struggle to ...separate healthy life from diseased bodies. While an ensuing will to closure in the name of biosecurity is evident at various sites, things are, in practice and in theory, more intricate than this model would suggest. There are transactions and transformations that defy easily segmented spaces. Using multi-species ethnographic work across a range of sites, from wildlife reserves to farms and food processing plants, we argue for a shift of focus in biosecurity away from defined borderlines towards that of borderlands. The latter involves the detachment of borders from geographic territory and highlights the continuous topological interplay and resulting tensions involved in making life live. We use this spatial imagination to call for a different kind of biopolitics and for a shift in what counts as a biosecurity emergency. As a means to re-frame the questions concerning biosecurity, we argue for a change of discourse and practice away from disease 'breach points' towards the 'tipping points' that can arise in the intense foldings that characterise pathological lives.
► Fpe is going through a period of reflection and debate. ► In theorizing gender, the subfield must account for race more explicitly. ► To do so, we argue for a postcolonial intersectional analysis. ...► This approach is put to work analyzing race, gender and whiteness in Honduras.
Feminist political ecology (fpe) is at a crossroads. Over the last 2years, feminist political ecologists have begun to reflect on and debate the strengths of this subfield. In this article, we contribute by pointing to the limited theorization of race in this body of work. We argue that fpe must theorize a more complex and messier, notion of ‘gender’, one that accounts for race, racialization and racism more explicitly. Building on the work of feminist geography and critical race scholarship, we argue for a postcolonial intersectional analysis in fpe – putting this theory to work in an analysis of race, gender and whiteness in Honduras. With this intervention we demonstrate how theorizing race and gender as mutually constituted richly complicates our understanding of the politics of natural resource access and control in the Global South.
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