Blending first hand accounts of grassroots politics with an original theory of social relations under communism, this 1997 book seeks to explain one of the seminal events of this century: the rebirth ...of politics in Russia amid the collapse of the USSR. The authors trace the process from the pre-political period of dissident activity, through perestroika and the appearance of political groups and publications, elections, the formation of political parties and mass movements, counter-revolution and coup d'état, the victory of democratic forces and the organization of a Russian state; to the struggle of power in the post-communist epoch, the violent end of the first republic and the contentious relations engulfing its successor. By focusing on the popular forces which accomplished Russia's political rebirth, rather than the reforms of the Soviet establishment, this book offers an original perspective on this critical period.
O artigo formula uma pequena história da obra do cineasta russo Alexandr Sokúrov contextualizado esta obra dentro de um panorama de cinema da Glasnost, o período de dissolução do regime soviético. ...Trata-se de mostrar como ela é marcada pela necessidade de firmar uma autoria, primeiro dentro de um contexto adverso de estado, depois dentro de um regime de mercado. É inseparável disso assinalar como é ainda percorrida por uma certa tensão dialética entre isolamento e comunicação, a sugerir a hipótese de uma poética distinguida pela ideia metafórica de ilha. Os referenciais teóricos abrangem a fortuna crítica disponível dentro e fora da Rússia, com destaque para os estudos pioneiros realizados internacionalmente por François Albéra e Diane Arnaud, e aportes dos formalistas russos no campo da poética do filme, com destaque para Boris Eikhenbaum.
The terms perestroika (literally, "transformation") and glasnost (literally, "transparency ") refer to the social change that took place in the Soviet Union in the late 1980s. Then USSR leader, the ...General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, Mikhail Gorbachev, introduced perestroika as a necessary action to improve the nation’s economy and its international relations. Glasnost was meant to promote effective discussions regarding the country’s existing problems and shortcomings. However, only a few years following their instatement, both processes did not improve the sociopolitical situation. On the contrary, they led to the country’s collapse. This article seeks to answer why gracious intentions, meant to actualize the hopes and dreams of the Soviet people, eventually resulted in tremendously difficult times. Special attention is paid to the role of the Soviet media, which became a catalyst for many social problems. The authors raise the issue of the media’s level of responsibility during this social transformation, which appeared to be one of the most crucial conditions for its successful implementation. Keywords: authoritarian culture, social transformation, civic society, perestroika, glasnost, Soviet media
The article develops an approach to the study of modular political
phenomena (action based in significant part on emulation of the prior
successful example of others), focusing on the trade-offs ...between the
influence of example, structural facilitation, and institutional
constraints. The approach is illustrated through the example of the spread
of democratic revolution in the post-communist region during the
2000–2006 period, with significant comparisons to the diffusion of
separatist nationalism in the Soviet Union during the
glasnost' era.Mark R.
Beissinger is Professor of Politics, Princeton University
(mbeissin@princeton.edu). The author is grateful to the School of Social
Science at the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, the
Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin, and the University of Wisconsin-Madison for
the opportunity to pursue research for this essay. He would also like to
thank Nancy Bermeo, Valerie Bunce, Atul Kohli, Jon Pevehouse, Grigore
Pop-Eleches, Edward Schatz, Jack Snyder, Al Stepan, Joshua Tucker, and two
anonymous reviewers for their feedback on an earlier version of this
article.
El autor cuenta sus experiencias en la Unión Soviética, cuando la perestroika y glásnost que significa una apertura completa para decir la verdad,criticar con apertura política es decir ser más ...democráticos. Surge la perestroika implantando profundas reformas al sistema en busca de revitalizarlo y procurando al mismo tiempo, que conserve sus rasgos esenciales:monopolio del poder por el partido comunista, estatización de los sectores decisivos de la economía y consagración del marxismo-leninismo, como única ideología legal.Resumiendo,los medios de comunicación que están ligados intímamente al proceso de la perestroika, serán parte del éxito o fracaso de esta "revolución sin armas"
Why did the KGB and its successor agencies remain popular in post-Communist Russia? How did the Soviet security agencies manage to cope with the tides of demokratizatsiya and glasnost during ...perestroika--presumably unprecedented challenges for the clandestine political police? A previously classified in-house journal, KGB Sbornik, offers unique insight into how the KGB adapted its work to the demands for openness and transparency. By implementing a range of self-reforms and deceptions, Chekists successfully forestalled the external reformist discourse and became hidden champions of glasnost. Multiple methods of manipulating domestic audiences in post-Soviet Russian politics have their roots in the Chekist school. The findings suggest that in a non-democratic regime, intelligence agencies may be not static, but highly proactive, constantly reflecting on democratic changes in state and society.
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The purpose of this paper is to examine the crisis of Soviet system, and the strategies developed by Gorbachev government to redirect Soviet economy and policy in order to solve the main problems ...that affected the USSR during the 1980s. In addition, it will be scrutinized the obstacles found by Gorbachev to promote the restructurings that Soviet Union required, and the expansion of the crisis that culminated in the dissolution of the USSR.
The communists of East Central Europe came to power promising to bring about genuine equality, paying special attention to achieving gender equality, to build up industry and create prosperous ...societies, and to use music, art, and literature to promote socialist ideals. Instead, they never succeeded in filling more than a third of their legislatures with women and were unable to make significant headway against entrenched patriarchal views; they considered it necessary (with the sole exception of Albania) to rely heavily on credits to build up their economies, eventually driving them into bankruptcy; and the effort to instrumentalize the arts ran aground in most of the region already by 1956, and, in Yugoslavia, by 1949. Communism was all about planning, control, and politicization. Except for Yugoslavia after 1949, the communists sought to plan and control not only politics and the economy, but also the media and information, religious organizations, culture, and the promotion of women, which they understood in the first place as involving putting women to work. Inspired by the groundbreaking work of Robert K. Merton on functionalist theory, this book shows how communist policies were repeatedly undermined by unintended consequences and outright dysfunctions.
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