Abstract
Aeroionization is actively used in various fields of science and industry. It plays an important role for medicine, as it is used for disinfecting premises and has a therapeutic effect on ...living organisms. This paper discusses the use of aeroionization to intensify the curing of the glue line and improve its quality characteristics. The positive effect of negative aeroins on the process of wood gluing is theoretically described and experimentally confirmed.
A number of approaches to four-dimensional quantum gravity, such as loop quantum gravity and holography, situate areas as their fundamental variables. However, this choice of kinematics can easily ...lead to gravitational dynamics peaked on flat spacetimes. We show that this is due to how regions are glued in the gravitational path integral via a discrete spin foam model. We introduce a family of "effective" spin foam models that incorporate a quantum area spectrum, impose gluing constraints as strongly as possible, and leverage the discrete general relativity action to specify amplitudes. These effective spin foam models avoid flatness in a restricted regime of the parameter space.
•Kinect V2 application in a vision guided robotic system.•A new calibration procedure between the robot and the vision system.•Two techniques for gluing path planning on flat and three-dimensional ...objects.•Quantitative and qualitative error analysis.•Application to a prototype of gluing robot in the footwear manufacturing.
This paper presents a novel gluing machine comprising a Cartesian robot and a vision system. The vision system enables the location and reconstruction of the shape of objects to be glued; the detected information is then used to plan the trajectory of the robot whose end-effector is a glue gun and to move the robot with an error suitable to industrial gluing operations.
A calibration procedure that enables transforming coordinates between the robot frame and the vision system frame is described. The calibration considers several mechanical inaccuracies and its effectiveness was evaluated using error maps.
In particular, the paper examines objects to be glued along their edges, as frequently occurs for fabrics, leathers, and shoe soles. For this, two procedures to plan the trajectories of the robot are proposed: the first is for objects that can be treated as flat 2D objects, that is, their height variation is negligible; the second procedure is for 3D objects, that is, those with significant height variation.
Several applicative examples are reported to highlight the flexibility of the gluing process.
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We provide the eigenfunctions for a quantum chain of N conformal spins with nearest-neighbor interaction and open boundary conditions in the irreducible representation of SO(1,5) of scaling dimension ...Δ = 2 − i λ and spin numbers ℓ = ˙ ℓ = 0 . The spectrum of the model is separated into N equal contributions, each dependent on a quantum number Ya = νa, na which labels a representation of the principal series. The eigenfunctions are orthogonal and we computed the spectral measure by means of a new star-triangle identity. Any portion of a conformal Feynmann diagram with square lattice topology can be represented in terms of separated variables, and we reproduce the all-loop "fishnet" integrals computed by B. Basso and L. Dixon via bootstrap techniques. We conjecture that the proposed eigenfunctions form a complete set and provide a tool for the direct computation of conformal data in the fishnet limit of the supersymmetric N = 4 Yang-Mills theory at finite order in the coupling, by means of a cutting-and-gluing procedure on the square lattice.
This study focusses on the bond between asphalt and concrete. The bond is a decisive factor for the transfer of traffic loads. A lack of bond between the layers can quickly reduce the load-bearing ...behavior and thus lead to pavement failure. In the literature, the bond between asphalt pavements and concrete substrates is usually analyzed using mechanical test methods. With mechanical test methods, the effects of interlocking, glue adhesion and friction, which have an effect at the layer boundary, are not considered individually. Based on previous findings, the aim of this study is to carry out a precise analysis of the bonding at the layer interface between concrete and asphalt using bitumen emulsion by means of measurements with a high-resolution X-ray computer tomography (CT). To determine the effect of the surface texture of the substrate, the investigations were carried out on milled and smooth surface textures. In addition to the variation of the substrate profiles, the influence of the application quantity of the bitumen emulsions C40 B5-S and C60 BP4-S was analyzed by spraying quantities of 90 g/m² and 180 g/m² bitumen after breaking. A newly developed method was used to determine the effective degree of gluing at the layer boundary, which allowed the bonding efficiency to be determined. The results of the calculated degree of gluing for the individual variants show that the highest degree of gluing of 61.94% is achieved with the smooth texture variant and high application quantity of bitumen emulsion. The lowest degree of gluing of 17.01% was achieved with the milled texture variant without the application of bitumen emulsion. Overall, the results showed that the degree of gluing was increased for both surface textures by applying the bitumen emulsion. Compared to the smooth texture, the milled textures exhibit a lower degree of gluing for both bitumen quantities, which could be explained by the distribution of the bitumen emulsions on the substrate profiles.
•In this study, the influence of bitumen emulsion at the layer bond between concrete and asphalt is analyzed using an imaging method.•A method for analyzing the degree of gluing is developed using CT images.•By developing FEM models from CT images, the contact surface between the individual materials at the layer boundary can be analyzed.•The investigations are carried out on different substrate profiles with different bitumen emulsions and application quantities.
We study the four-dimensional low-energy effective N=1 supergravity theory of the dimensional reduction of M-theory on G2-manifolds, which are constructed by Kovalev’s twisted connected sum gluing ...suitable pairs of asymptotically cylindrical Calabi–Yau threefolds XL/R augmented with a circle S1. In the Kovalev limit the Ricci-flat G2-metrics are approximated by the Ricci-flat metrics on XL/R and we identify the universal modulus—the Kovalevton—that parametrizes this limit. We observe that the low-energy effective theory exhibits in this limit gauge theory sectors with extended supersymmetry. We determine the universal (semi-classical) Kähler potential of the effective N=1 supergravity action as a function of the Kovalevton and the volume modulus of the G2-manifold. This Kähler potential fulfills the no-scale inequality such that no anti-de-Sitter vacua are admitted. We describe geometric degenerations in XL/R, which lead to non-Abelian gauge symmetries enhancements with various matter content. Studying the resulting gauge theory branches, we argue that they lead to transitions compatible with the gluing construction and provide many new explicit examples of G2-manifolds.
A
bstract
We provide evidence that the classical scattering of two spinning black holes is controlled by the soft expansion of exchanged gravitons. We show how an exponentiation of Cachazo-Strominger ...soft factors, acting on massive higher-spin amplitudes, can be used to find spin contributions to the aligned-spin scattering angle, conjecturally extending previously known results to higher orders in spin at one-loop order. The extraction of the classical limit is accomplished via the on-shell leading-singularity method and using massive spinor-helicity variables. The three-point amplitude for arbitrary-spin massive particles minimally coupled to gravity is expressed in an exponential form, and in the infinite-spin limit it matches the effective stress-energy tensor of the linearized Kerr solution. A four-point gravitational Compton amplitude is obtained from an extrapolated soft theorem, equivalent to gluing two exponential three-point amplitudes, and becomes itself an exponential operator. The construction uses these amplitudes to: 1) recover the known tree-level scattering angle at all orders in spin, 2) recover the known one-loop linear-in-spin interaction, 3) match a previous conjectural expression for the one-loop scattering angle at quadratic order in spin, 4) propose new one-loop results through quartic order in spin. These connections link the computation of higher-multipole interactions to the study of deeper orders in the soft expansion.
Soil organisms are recognized as ecosystem engineers and key for aggregation in soil due to bioturbation, organic matter (OM) decomposition, and excretion of biogenic OM. The activity of soil ...organisms is beneficial for soil quality, functions, and nutrient cycling. These attributions are based on field-scale observations that link the presence and activity of organisms to spatiotemporal changes in soil properties and can be traced back to the formation of biogenic aggregates. This biogenic formation pathway encompasses a cascade of processes so far not discussed comprehensively. A more general approach needs to consider the activity and feedback loops between soil biota, the active release of biogenic OM by excretion, the interaction of biogenic OM with soil constituents, the formation of organo-mineral associations, and how these become incorporated in aggregated structures. Especially the function of biogenically excreted OM, which is quite complex in composition, is controversial as it permits or inhibits aggregation. This review analyzes the various roles of biogenically excreted OM may take as an aggregation agent. We will show that its function depends on the interplay of numerous factors, including environmental conditions, variety of OM producers, composition and availability of biogenically excreted OM, and type of interacting mineral phase. We consider biogenically excreted OM to affect aggregate formation in three different ways: (I) as a bridging agent which promotes the aggregation due to surface modifications and attraction, (II) as a separation agent which favors the formation, mobility, and transport of organo-mineral associations and inhibits their further inclusion into aggregates, and (III) as a gluing agent which mediates aggregate stability, after an external force provokes a close approach of soil particles. We conclude that biogenically excreted OM takes these functional roles simultaneously and to a varying extent across spatiotemporal scales. Hence, biogenically excreted OM is involved in the surface modification of soil particles, in the enmeshment and gluing of particles into soil aggregates, in the (im-)mobilization, and in facilitating the transport of particles. All that depends on the interplay of a hierarchy of factors comprising the local soil community's composition, the properties of biogenically excreted OM, and the conditions of the immediate environment.
•Cross-scale consideration of the influence of biogenic organic matter on aggregation.•Mineral interactions with mucus, extracellular polymeric substances, and root exudates.•Critical discussion of biogenic organic matter as aggregation promoting and inhibiting agent.•Function of biogenic organic matter as bridging, separation, and gluing agent.•Biogenically induced aggregation is governed by the interplay of different species.
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