Izhodišča: Zastrupitev z ogljikovim monoksidom (CO) močno okrne funkcijo astrocitov in nevronov. Pozne nevropsihološke posledice zastrupitve lahko preprečimo z zdravljenjem s hiperbaričnim kisikom ...(HBO). V raziskavi smo preučevali učinek CO in HBO na zgodnje procese celične smrti v nevronski in mešani kulturi ter ugotavljali, ali se raven glutationa v astrocitih po izpostavljenosti CO in HBO spremeni in ali bi lahko le-ta bil možna nova tarča za zdravljenje zastrupitve s CO.
Metode: Primarne astrocitne, nevronske in mešane celične kulture možganske skorje podgane smo izpostavili 3.000 ppm CO v zraku, nato pa jih v obdobju 24-urne normoksije v različnih časovnih presledkih za 1 uro izpostavili 100-odstotnemu kisiku pri tlaku 3 barov. V celicah mešane in nevronske kulture smo merili aktivnost laktat dehidrogenaze (LDH) in kaspaz 3/7, v astrocitih pa raven glutationa.
Rezultati: CO je povzročil zvišanje aktivnosti LDH in kaspaz 3/7 v nevronskih kulturah, v mešanih pa le zvišanje aktivnosti kaspaz 3/7. Po izpostavitvi CO in HBO se je zvišala aktivnost LDH v nevronskih kulturah in znižala aktivnost kaspaz 3/7 v mešanih kulturah. CO je v astrocitih povzročil znižanje celokupnega glutationa (GSHt), zvišanje glutation disulfida (GSSG) in znižanje GSH/GSSG, po izpostavitvi CO in HBO pa se je zvišala GSHt, znižala GSSG in zvišala GSH/GSSG.
Zaključek: Razlike v citotoksičnem delovanju CO in zaščitni vlogi HBO v nevronski, mešani in astrocitni kulturi kažejo, da so nevroni, ki rastejo brez astrocitov, v primerjavi z mešano kulturo dovzetnejši za škodljive učinke CO ter nakazujejo, da astrociti ob oksidativnem stresu poskušajo ščititi nevrone, ki so pri sintezi glutationa odvisni od njih.
Background: the relationship between the reduced and oxidized form of glutathione, GSH/ GSSG, is frequently used as an indicator of the cellular redox state. Under conditions where high levels of ...oxidizing species are generated, reduced glutathione requirements can be increased, and therefore, the cellular redox state can be affected.
Objective: to determine the relationship between the cellular redox state and systemic markers of inflammation.
Methods: a descriptive study was carried out in a series of 56 cases referred from the immunogenetics clinic, aged between 1 and 76 years old, of both sexes. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and serum levels of C-reactive protein were determined as systemic markers of inflammation. The GSH/GSSG ratio was calculated from the intraerythrocyte concentrations of reduced glutathione and its oxidized form, which were determined by an HPLC-UV method.
Results: the average GSH/GSSG ratio was 7.9 (95 % CI: 6.4-9.4) and age did not influence this proportion. In the cases that had altered values of the inflammation markers, they showed a decrease in the GSH/GSSG ratio. Cellular redox status was negatively correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation values (r=0.41; p=0.017). However, this association does not appear when C-reactive protein levels are analyzed.
Conclusions: the patients who present alterations in the inflammation markers show changes in the cellular redox state. The combined study of these biomarkers allows a more comprehensive analysis of the health status of patients with inflammatory diseases.
The objective of the work was to evaluate the incidence of glutation peroxidase in the productive performance and health uterine of dairy cows supplemented with selenium. During the months of october ...of the year 2015 and march of the year 2016, a total of 68 Holteins cows were sampled. They were randomly divided into two groups of 34 animals and one of them was given a slow-release Selenium bolus (GS) in the last pregnated tercium period, the other group did not receive supplementation (GT). Blood was drawn for the determination of the concentration of the selenodependent enzyme glutation peroxidase (GHS-Px) at the time of bolus application and subsequently the postpartum period between 21 and 56 days. The health uterine and productive performance of the cows was evaluated. It was concluded that the extra administration of selenium favors the productive perfomence and health uterine of the dairy cows since the GHS-Px is increased in the more productive cows and those that had less uterine pathologies than those that did not increase this concentration.
Chemicals that enter the body, especially benzene, will undergo a detoxification process. Unfortunately, at the detoxification process, sometimes benzene can produce free radicals. Free radical ...oxidation of lipids produces MDA compounds (malondialdehyde). To overcome these free radicals, the body will adapt to produce Glutathione (GSH) enzymes.
The purpose of this study was to analyse the relationship between benzene concentration, MDA levels and glutathione enzymes in Shoe-Maker Home Industry workers exposed to benzene for more than 10 years.
Measurement of benzene concentration using a gas chromatography-flame ionisation detector (GC-FID). MDA levels used a modified spectrophotometric and GSH method of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test.
The results showed that the majority of respondents had benzene concentrations still below the TLV value, mean of MDA levels were 6.94 mg/ml, while GSH was 4.54 mg/ml. Benzene concentration did not have a significant correlation with MDA and glutathione levels, whereas MDA levels had a strong correlation with glutathione levels (p = 0.000; r = -0.947).
Workers should always use PPE and always eat foods that contain lots of glutathione enzymes such as spinach or broccoli to reduce the impact of free radicals from benzene inhalation.
Glutation (γ-glutamylocysteinyloglicyna, GSH) jest najbardziej rozpowszechnionym tiolowym antyoksydantem wytwarzanym w cytozolu wszystkich komórek ssaków, który pełni ważną rolę ochronną przed ...stresem oksydacyjnym. GSH jest syntetyzowany
przez sekwencyjne działanie dwóch enzymów: ligazy γ-glutamylocysteiny (GCL) i syntetazy glutationowej (GS). GCL katalizuje pierwszy etap biosyntezy GSH, którego produktem jest γ-glutamylocysteina (γ-GC). GCL jest heterodimerycznym enzymem zbudowanym z podjednostki katalitycznej (GCLc) i modulatorowej (GCLm), kodowanych przez dwa różne geny. Podjednostki GCL podlegają złożonej regulacji zarówno na poziomie przed-, jak i potranslacyjnym. Zmiany w ekspresji i aktywności GCL mogą zaburzać poziom GSH i homeostazy redoks. Przyczyną wielu przewlekłych schorzeń związanych ze stresem oksydacyjnym jest upośledzenie aktywności katalitycznej GCL oraz spadek stężenia GSH. Badania przedkliniczne sugerują, że podawanie egzogennej γ-GC podwyższa wewnątrzkomórkowe GSH przez dostarczenie brakującego substratu i może wykazywać potencjał jako terapia uzupełniająca w chorobach związanych z deplecją GSH.
Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi utjecaj glutationa na kemijski sastav i senzorna svojstva vina 'Pošip' pri čemu je njegova primjena provedena prije te tijekom primarne prerade grožđa. ...Uspoređivani su rezultati fizikalno kemijskog sastava vina , sadržaj otopljenog kisika i ukupnih fenola te parametara boje između kontrolnog uzorka te tretmana uz dodatak glutationa na svježe grožđe (GG) i mošt (GM). Tretman glutationom imao je najveći utjecaj na topljivost kisika te nijansu i intenzitet boje u tretmanu GM, dok je najviša koncentracija ukupnih fenola bila u tretmanu GG. Senzornim ocjenjivanjem vina ´Pošip´ različitih tretmana nisu utvrđene značajne razlike u mirisu, okusu i općem dojmu.
The aim of this study was to determine the impact of glutathione addition before and during primary processing on the basic physicochemical parameters and sensory properties of Pošip wine. The following measurement results were compared between the control sample, the glutathione treatment of fresh grapes (GG) and the addition of glutathione to must (GM): dissolved oxygen in wine, total phenols, color and sensory evaluation of wine. The results have shown the glutathione to have the greatest impact on oxygen dissolution and color hue and intensity in the GM sample, while the most total phenols were obtained in GG treatment. Sensory evaluation did not reveal significant differences in the aromatic profile, taste, and general impression between Pošip wines.
Acetaminophen (APAP) known as paracetamol is the main ingredient in Tylenol, which has analgesic and anti-pyretic properties. Inappropriate use of APAP causes major morbidity and mortality secondary ...to hepatic failure. Overdose of APAP depletes the hepatic glutathione (GSH) rapidly, and the metabolic intermediate leads to hepatocellular death. This article reviews the mechanisms of hepatotoxicity and provides an overview of current research studies. Pharmacokinetics including metabolism (activation and detoxification), subsequent transport (efflux)-facilitating excretion, and some other aspects related to toxicity are discussed. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-regulated gene battery plays a critical role in the multiple steps associated with the mitigation of APAP toxicity. The role of Nrf2 as a protective target is described, and potential natural products inhibiting APAP toxicity are outlined. This review provides an update on the mechanism of APAP toxicity and highlights the beneficial role of Nrf2 and specific natural products in hepatoprotection.
Physiological and ultra-structural changes in Brassica napus seedlings induced by cadmium stress Ali, B., Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (China). Inst. of Crop Science; Qian, P., Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (China). Inst. of Crop Science; Jin, R., Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (China). Agricultural Experiment Station ...
Biologia plantarum,
03/2014, Letnik:
58, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The effects of cadmium on physiological and ultrastructural characteristics were evaluated in 6-d-old seedlings of two Brassica napus L. cultivars Zheda 619 and ZS 758. Results show that Cd at lower ...concentration (100 microM) stimulated the seedling growth but at higher concentration (500 microM) inhibited the growth of both cultivars, decreased content of photosynthetic pigments, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and increased the content of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species. Cd content in different parts of seedlings was higher in ZS 758 than in Zheda 619. Electron micrographs illustrated that 500 microM Cd severely damaged the leaf and root tip cells of both cultivars. Under Cd stress, the size and number of starch grains, plastoglobuli, and lipid bodies in the chloroplasts increased. In the root tip cells, enlarged vacuoles, diffused cell walls, and undeveloped mitochondria were detected.
The present study investigated the effects of aluminum on lipid peroxidation, accumulation of reactive oxygen species and antioxidative defense systems in root tips of Triticum aestivum seedlings. ...Exposure to 30 microM Al increased contents of malondialdehyde, H2O2, superoxide radical and Evans blue uptake in both genotypes, with increases being greater in Al-sensitive genotype Yangmai-5 than in Al-tolerant genotype Jian-864. In addition, Al treatment increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), as well as the contents of ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) in both genotypes. The increased activities SOD and POD were greater in Yangmai-5 than in Jian-864, whereas the opposite was true for the activities of CAT, APX, MDHAR, GR and GPX and the contents of AsA and GSH. Consequently, the antioxidant capacity in terms of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing/antioxidant power was greater in Jian-864 than in Yangmai-5.
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