Set against the ongoing corporate enclosure of West Africa’s goldfields, A Ritual Geology tells the untold history of one of the world’s oldest indigenous gold mining industries: Francophone West ...Africa’s orpaillage. Establishing African miners as producers of subterranean knowledge, Robyn d’Avignon uncovers a dynamic “ritual geology” of techniques and cosmological engagements with the earth developed by agrarian residents of gold-bearing rocks in savanna West Africa. Colonial and corporate exploration geology in the region was built upon the ritual knowledge, gold discoveries, and skilled labor of African miners even as states racialized African mining as archaic, criminal, and pagan. Spanning the medieval and imperial past to the postcolonial present, d’Avignon weaves together long-term ethnographic and oral historical work in southeastern Senegal with archival and archeological evidence from Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea, and Mali. A Ritual Geology introduces transnational geological formations as a new regional framework for African studies, environmental history, and anthropology.
Using tax and mintage records, this book provides a district-by-district annual accounting of the gold and silver officially produced and minted in colonial Latin America, placing that output within ...the context of the emerging early-modern world economy.
This open access book charts how South Africa’s gold mines have systematically suppressed evidence of hazardous work practices and the risks associated with mining. For most of the twentieth century, ...South Africa was the world’s largest producer of gold. Although the country enjoyed a reputation for leading the world in occupational health legislation, the mining companies developed a system of medical surveillance and workers’ compensation which compromised the health of black gold miners, facilitated the spread of tuberculosis, and ravaged the communities and economies of labour-sending states. The culmination of two decades of meticulous archival research, this book exposes the making, contesting, and unravelling of the companies’ capacity to shape – and corrupt – medical knowledge.
A capillary-based SERS sensor was fabricated for ultrasensitive and selective detection of Hg
in water. Au@Ag core-shell NPs embedded with 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) (Au@4-MBA@Ag) were prepared ...by a seed growth method and fixed on the inner wall of the glass capillary to obtain the sensor. Owing to the amalgamation between Ag and Hg, the capillary-based SERS sensor can specifically recognize the reduced Hg
without any recognition element, and the resulted Ag/Hg amalgam can weaken the SERS activity of Ag shell; thus, the SERS intensity of the embedded 4-MBA at 1075 cm
gradually decreased with the increase of Hg
concentration. Under the optimum condition, the fabricated sensor can sensitively determine Hg
in water with a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 0.03 nM. The capillary-based SERS sensor offers the advantages of simple preparation, superior stability, and high selectivity, which is promising for rapid and on-site detection of Hg
in water combined with a portable Raman device.
This Special Issue book includes one review and eleven research articles. This review presents the results of studies on the noble metal forms in pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and ...greenockite and summarizes the distribution and speciations of noble metals in base metal sulfides of Au and Au-bearing deposits of the Urals (Russia). Nine research articles are devoted to studying gold mineralization at different types of gold deposits and the characterization of the conditions of its formation. The typomorphism of placer gold and its distribution mechanisms in the east of the Siberian Platform were studied, and the diagnostic method and morphogenetic criteria for identifying the genesis of placers and different sources in the platform areas were proposed in other research articles. One research article presents an experimental study of Pt solubility in a CO-CO2-rich fluid. These studies contribute to a better understanding of the behavior of Au, Ag, and other noble metals; their forms in ore-forming systems; and the genesis of ore deposits. I sincerely appreciate the efforts and contributions of the Authors and Reviewers and would also like to express gratitude to the Editor-in-Chief, other Editors, and Assistant Editors of Minerals for their help.
Um die ungebrochene Nachfrage nach Gold zu bedienen, werden jährlich Erze und Abraum in der Größenordnung von Mega‐Tonnen ausgebeutet, neuerdings auch Elektroschrott. Da die seit dem Ende des 19. ...Jahrhunderts gebräuchliche Cyanid‐Laugerei enorme Risiken für Mensch und Umwelt mit sich bringt, sind Alternativen gefragt.
<正>1 Introduction The Tongbai-Dabie area has experienced multistage plate subduction-collision activities,resulting in the development of a series of nearly EW-trending ductileshear zones with ...different levels,scales,and characteristics(Wu et al.,2012).These ductile shear zones have controlled the northern Tongbai-Dabie
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