Uvedba zelene infrastrukture je uveljavljen pristop k blaženju učinkov toplotnih otokov in poplav na mestnih območjih, saj lahko vpliva na pomembno znižanje lokalne temperature v mestu in zmanjšanje ...nevarnosti poplav. V članku je ulična krajina prepoznana kot pomembno območje posegov za prilagajanje podnebnim spremembam, pri čemer ti posegi temeljijo na zeleni infrastrukturi, ki omogoča prijetnejše okolje za človekovo aktivnost in mobilnost v mestih, hkrati pa je pomemben blažilec toplote. Avtorji predlagajo rešitev, ki združuje nekatere ključne prvine, ki bi bile lahko podlaga vsem prihodnjim oblikovalskim posegom v javni prostor (ulično krajino), in spodbuja ureditev mestnega okolja, ki se resnično odziva na podnebne spremembe. Te prvine vključujejo omejitev neprepustnih površin samo na nujna območja, decentralizirano gospodarjenje z vodo na podlagi deževnih vrtov, nezahtevno vzdrževanje, estetske zasaditve, ki krepijo biotsko raznovrstnost, in senzorsko spremljanje parametrov toplotnega udobja za izboljšanje ukrepov. Rešitev vključuje uporabo poceni senzorjev za zbiranje podatkov o toplotnem udobju, na podlagi katerih se lahko določijo območja mestnih toplotnih otokov. Predlagano je tudi odločevalsko orodje, ki temelji na geografskem informacijskem sistemu (GIS) in zbira podatke, kot so temperatura, stopnja prekritosti površja in poplavno tveganje ter podatki, ki se nanašajo na lokacijo komunalne infrastrukture, promet in prostorsko ureditev. Opisana je poskusna uporaba predlagane metodologije v okviru trajnega projekta prilagoditve podnebnim spremembam, ki ga financira avstrijska vlada.
Slovenia has 489,000 private forest owners which represents a challenge for a nation of only two million. 89 % of private owners own five or less hectares of forest or about 40 % of the entire ...forested area. Small size of forest properties is related with low interest for silvicultural works. In this research I examined the role of socio-geographic factors in managing private small-scale forest properies in Slovenia.
The research aim was to assess the dynamics of the North Adriatic pastoral landscape (Ćićarija, Croatia) with regard to the coenological composition of grassland communities, and, more specifically, ...to: i) assess the current grassland mosaic from a coenological viewpoint; ii) assess the effects of management abandonment on grassland species composition, also taking into account, as a basis for comparison, data on pastoral communities collected in the past decades. To achieve the research aims, 73 phytosociological relevés were carried out; for each of them field data (altitude, aspect, slope, landform) and information on grassland management were collected. Multivariate analysis of phytosociological relevés led to the identification of four vegetation types (Danthonio-Scorzoneretum villosae, Carici humilis-Centaureetum rupestris, Brachypodium rupestre-dominated stands, and Anthoxantho-Brometum erecti), which were linked to landform and to grassland management. Comparison in terms of social behaviour type composition of the grassland communities surveyed in the present study with the ones surveyed in the past decades, highlighted that the current management (grassland abandonment, as well as low intensity grazing and not periodic mowing) is leading to a percentage loss of pasture and meadow characteristic species, in favour of successional and ruderal ones.
Namen raziskave je bil ovrednotiti dinamiko severnojadranske pašniške krajine (Čićarija, Hrvaška) predvsem cenološke sestavo travniških združb. Posebej smo želeli ugotoviti: i) trenuten travniški mozaik s cenološkega vidika, ii) spremembe opuščanja gospodarjenja na vrstno sestavo travnikov s primerjavo podatkov o pašnikih, pridobljenih v preteklih desetletjih. Naredili smo 73 fitocenoloških popisov in za vsakega od njih smo pridobili podatke o višini, legi, nagibu, krajinski obliki in informacijo o gospodarjenju. Z multivariatnimi analizami smo ugotovili štiri vegetacijske tipe (Danthonio-Scorzoneretum villosae, Carici humilis-Centaureetum rupestris, združbo z dominantno vrsto Brachypodium rupestre in Anthoxantho-Brometum erecti), ki smo jih povezali s krajinsko obliko in načinom gospodarjenja. Primerjava sestave zgradbe travniških združb glede na sinsociološko pripadnost vrst med današnjimi in starejšimi popisi je pokazala, da trenuten način gospodarjenja (opuščanje gospodarjenja, nizka intenziteta paše in le občasna košnja) vodi v izgubo značilnih vrst pašnikov in travnikov na račun vrst razvitejših sukcesijskih stadijev in vrst ruderalnih rastišč.
Thematic maps are important for understanding water and its dynamics: they provide an overview of the state of water and water infrastructure, and they also have an important warning role. In the ...process of water management, many maps are needed. In order to provide sufficient quality, consistency, timeliness and coverage of the areas, maps have to be managed in an integrated way. Therefore, we propose the introduction of a system of thematic maps for water management in the form of a web portal, which takes into account the requirements of both managers and the legislation on water and spatial information. The concept of the system provides content composition, principles that the system must meet, proposes the use of modern forms of maps and an economical establishment of the system by using a joint editorial design, printon-demand function and open source solutions. An extensive list of thematic maps was created after examining the assessment area and the requirements of the current legislation. The system of thematic maps for water management is an attempt to establish order when displaying spatial data related to water, and to encourage experts' participation in water management and to include the public in the process of acquiring and controlling spatial data.
SI: V članku sta pojasnjena pojem gospodarjenja z javnimi površinami in vloga informacijskega sistema v tem procesu. Opredeljene so naloge lokalnih skupnosti na področju gospodarjenja z javnimi ...površinami in poslovni procesi, s katerimi se te naloge izvajajo. Predstavljeni so diagrami poslovnih procesov in podatkovni model informacijskega sistema. Za opis poslovnih procesov je uporabljena BPMN-notacija.Podatkovni model baze podatkov je predstavljen z diagramom entitetnih tipov. Podane so nekatere usmeritve za uvajanje predlaganega informacijskega sistema v delo občin.ENG: The article explains the concept of public area management and the role of information systems in this process. The tasks and management procedures of municipalities for their implementation are identified. Business processes diagrams and an information system data model for public area management are presented. Business processes are presented by BPMN notation. The information system data model is presented with a class diagram. Some guidelines for the implementation of information system solutions in municipalities are given.
Vpliv načinov gospodarjenja s travišči na ptice gnezdilke Ljubljanskega barja (osrednja Slovenija)
In spite of the extensive drainage works carried out in the bogs of Ljubljansko barje, the area is ...still important for breeding birds, particularly wet meadow species. Existence of these meadows nowadays depends very much on human management, which can be more or less intensive. Lately, more and more wet meadows are being transformed into pastures. The aim of this research was to find out how different grassland management regimes affect breeding birds at Ljubljansko barje. Intensively managed meadows, extensively managed meadows, pastures and litter meadows were compared. As birds were counted by a method adapted to pastures, counts were made from the edge of the plots. From the end of April till mid June 2003, every plot was visited four times in the morning and once during the night. Management intensity of the plot was determined by the beginning and extent of the area being mown or grazed, speed of mowing progress, number of irrigation ditches and proportion of area fertilized. The largest numbers of breeding birds were recorded in litter meadows, slightly fewer in extensively managed meadows and the least in intensively managed meadows. Considering the numbers of breeding birds, pastures were more similar to intensively than to extensively managed meadows. The beginning of mowing, extent of area mown and proportion of fertilised area were in significant negative correlation with density of nesting birds. It turned out that grazing, as practiced in the year of the research, is not suitable for maintaining wet meadows as habitats for grassland birds. The question remains, however, would less intensive grazing be a suitable alternative solution for maintaining conservationally very important wet grasslands at Ljubljansko barje, which would otherwise be abandoned.
Smotrno in trajno gospodarjenje z gozdom in gozdnim prostorom zahteva dobro poznavanje njunega stanja in razvojnih teženj. Zato je gozdarstvo ena redkih panog, ki že stoletja zbira velike količine ...podatkov, posebno v zadnjih letih pa skuša za potrebe načrtovanja oblikovati celosten informacijski sistem. Dosedanji informacijski sistem so sestavljali predvsem popis znakov in dendrometrijska inventura v ureditvenih enotah ter gozdarska kartografija. Širjenju podatkovnih baz ni sledil tudi uravnotežen razvoj informacijske tehnologije, zaradi čedalje bolj obremenjenega okolja in propadanja gozdov pa je potrebno težišče dela prenesti na učinkovit monitoring dogajanj v gozdu in gozdnem prostoru. Zasnova sodobnega prostorskega informacijskega sistema mora poleg integracije dosedanjega sistema zbiranja podatkov v gozdarstvu upoštevati vedno bolj poudarjeno mnogonamensko vlogo gozda in naš sonaraven, prostorsko izredno razčlenjen način gospodarjenja. Zaradi racionalnosti mora biti pridobivanje podatkov čim cenejše, uporaba informacij pa čim bolj široka, kar ponazarjajo predstavljena načela večplastnosti, polifunkcionalnosti, prostorske celovitosti in multitemporalnosti.
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