In this study, CSR strategies, biological diversity and water traits were evaluated in three lagoon lakes (Liman, Cernek and Balık) which had different nutrient status in the Central Black Sea Region ...of Turkey. The most productive lake was Balık lake, while the lowest productive lake is Liman lake in the study area. Secondary strategies were found to be dominant in studied lakes. No species exhibit pure S-strategy in the present study. pH, electrical conductivity, P and NH4 concentrations were found to be significant. However, total of nitrite-N and nitrate-N concentrations were not significant. EC and pH were associated with the species in Liman and Cernek lakes, respectively. However, P and NH4 concentrations were associated with the species in Balık lake according to canonical correspondence analysis. Significant correlations were found among chemical traits and biological diversity. pH was positively correlated with Shannon-Wiener index, while negatively correlated with Simpson and Berger-Parker indexes. No significant correlations were found between water P concentrations and evenness. Our data supported intermediate disturbance hypothesis in the studied lakes.
This study examines address and reference terms in the lyrics of Grime artists to understand how they negotiate their interpersonal relationships. 589 nominal terms were extracted and coded from a ...corpus of 16 songs by six artists from London, Cardiff and North England. Results revealed that all artists displayed adherence to implicit rules of the address and reference system. This conformity suggests that their relationships are characterised by solidarity within an imagined community. The research highlights the value of (1) Grime music as a means of understanding emerging new multi-ethnic dialects, and (2) resistant music, more broadly, in exploring the social structure of marginalised adolescents in an increasingly globalised world.
•The address and reference system of British Grime MCs displays various cultural influences.•This linguistic system is dominated by a discourse of hostility and voluntary kinship.•Conformity to the system allows these MCs to signal their belonging to an imagined community.•The imagined community is characterised by solidarity which is rooted in social neglect.•Grime sheds light on multi-ethnic dialects and the impact of globalisation on adolescents.
The general applicability of CSR classification (a methodology for applying CSR theory) has not been tested outside Britain. We hypothesised that principal axes of trait variation for plant species ...native to southern European continental, sub-alpine and alpine bioclimatic zones correlate with CSR classification scores. Functional traits were quantified in situ for 506 species of 57 families. Multivariate analysis revealed three main modes in which plants invested biomass: (1) architectural extension of individual ramets (tall canopies, large leaves), (2) durable tissues (high leaf dry matter contents and carbon contents, low specific leaf areas) or (3) regenerative development (early, extensive flowering with delicate, nitrogen-rich leaves). These were highly significantly correlated with the extent of competitive ability (C), stress-tolerance (S) and ruderalism (R), respectively, determined by CSR classification. Despite being calibrated using only 43 British species, CSR classification is consistent with trait variation in a phylogenetically broader sample of species native to a wider range of bioclimatic zones.
Gang of Four (GoF) design patterns are widely approved solutions for recurring software design problems, and their benefits to software quality are extensively studied. However, the occurrence of bad ...smells in design patterns increases the crisis of degenerating design patterns’ structure and behavior. Their occurrences are detrimental to the benefits of design patterns and they influence software sustainability by increasing maintenance costs and energy consumption. Despite the destructive roles of bad smells in such designs, there are an absence of studies systematically reviewing bad smells of GoF design patterns. This study systematically reviews a 10-year state of the art sample, identifying 16 studies investigating this phenomenon. Following a thorough evaluation of the full contents, we observed that the occurrence of bad smells have been investigated in proportion to four granularity levels of analysis: Design level, category level, pattern level, and role level. We identified 28 bad smells, categorized under code smells and grime symptoms, and emphasized their relationship with GoF pattern types and categories. The utilization of design pattern bad smell detection approaches and datasets were also discussed. Consequently, we observed that the research phenomenon is growing intensively, with a prominent focus of studies analyzing code smell occurrences rather than grime occurrences, at various granularity levels. Finally, we uncovered research gaps and areas with significant potentials for future research.
This article draws on ethnographic fieldwork in London (2013-2014) to address the reasons why men dominate the crowds in certain spheres of electronic/dance music. Focusing on a group of London-based ...genres, notably dub, dubstep, grime and 'bass music', I analyse how gender gets attached to musical formations through the qualities and connotations not only of musical sound, but of its material, technological, social and spatial mediations. I show how such connotations 'stick' (Ahmed, S.
2004
. The cultural politics of emotion. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press) and get transmitted through time, leading to the persistent absence of women from certain musical lineages; and I demonstrate how this process serves to entrench and 'naturalise' associations between musical genres and 'maleness'. I then take this analysis to creative practices. Through my dialogue with DJ/producer Jack Latham-aka Jam City (Night Slugs)-I illuminate how musicians caught up in gendered socio-musical formations can become reflexively engaged with the gendered implications of the sounds they produce, and can therefore experiment with making changes.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
1. The theories of Grime and Tilman are ambitious attempts to unify disparate theories regarding the construction of plants, their interaction with the environment and the assembly of communities. ...After over two decades of parallel research, their ideas have not been reconciled, hindering progress in understanding the functioning of ecosystems. 2. Grime's theories do not adequately incorporate the importance of non-heterogeneous supplies of nutrients and how these supplies are partitioned over long time scales, are inconsistent regarding the importance of disturbance in nutrient-limited habitats and need to reconsider the carbon economy of shade-tolerant plants. 3. Failure to account for differences between aquatic and terrestrial systems in how resource supplies are partitioned led Tilman to develop a shifting set of theories that have become reduced in mechanistic detail over time. The most recent highlighted the reduction of nutrient concentrations in soil solution, although it can no longer be derived from any viable mechanistic model. The slow diffusion of nutrients in soils means that the reduction of average soil solution nutrient concentrations cannot explain competitive exclusion. 4. Although neither theory, nor a union of the two, adequately characterizes the dynamics of terrestrial plant assemblages, the complementarity in their assumptions serve as an important foundation for future theory and research. 5. Reconciling the approaches of Grime and Tilman leads to six scenarios for competition for nutrients and light, with the outcome of each depending on the ability of plants to pre-empt supplies. Under uniform supplies, pulses or patches, light competition requires leaf area dominance, while nutrient competition requires root length dominance. There are still important basic questions regarding the nature of nutrient supplies that will need to be answered, but recent research brings us closer to a unified set of theories on resource competition.
In polluted urban environments, windows and building surfaces are coated with a complex film of chemicals. Despite its high surface-to-volume ratio and direct exposure to sunlight, few studies have ...directly investigated the role that this “urban film” may play in promoting the chemistry and photochemistry of semivolatile organic species contained within it. Here, we report results from a field investigation of the organic composition of urban film and particulate matter (PM10) samples collected at an urban site in Leipzig, Germany, in which we provide clear evidence for the influence of anthropogenic processes on film composition. In this study, we find that the ratio of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) to the total ionic content of film samples decreases with atmospheric exposure time, which suggests that urban film growth proceeds first via the condensation of semivolatile species, and that the coating thus formed enhances the dry deposition of particles. Further, we find that the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) abundance profiles in light-exposed films are different from those in films collected under light-shielded conditions, which represents the first direct evidence that urban films serve as a photochemical sink for semivolatile organic pollutants. Finally, we find that the PAH and n-alkane profiles of urban film samples differ substantially from colocated PM10 samples, which we suggest reflects both the contribution of settled coarse particulate matter to the overall film composition and the influence of in-film oxidative processes. Together, these results highlight the unique reactive environment afforded by urban film and underscore the need for further studies of urban surface chemistry.
Alongside the direct destruction of natural habitats and changes in land use, invasive species are considered one of the greatest threats to global biodiversity. Daisy fleabane Erigeron annuus (L.) ...Pers. is among the most widespread invasive plants in Croatia. Invasions of E. annuus may be aided by morphological variability, which this study investigates. The variability of life traits (stem height, fresh and dry leaf mass, length, width and leaf area, specific leaf area, and leaf dry matter content) was examined among 18 locations throughout Zagreb and Medvednica Mt. Overall, 87 plant specimens and 435 leaves were measured and analysed using univariate and multivariate statistics. Viable populations were recorded in diverse habitat types, mostly with marked human impact. We determined Grime’s CR plant life strategies for all, except for two localities with C/CR plant strategies. Two populations with a more pronounced competitive strategy had high leaf dry matter content, with smaller leaves and medium height stems. Significant differences between the localities were found, with the specific leaf area (SLA) and plant height being the most diverse. Despite its high morphological variability, daisy fleabane had a consistent CSR strategy, which likely enables its widespread invasions across variable habitats.
We report on the synergic effect of surfactants and chelating agents on the mechanism to remove stubborn keratin grime (keratin-Ca), which is bound with calcium ions and one of the most difficult ...grimes to remove, in order to make it easier to clean bathtubs in less time and with less scrubbing. Our approach was to focus on keratin swelling, which we achieved by applying aqueous solutions with chelating agents and anionic surfactants, the combination of which greatly improved the swelling ratio, resulting in quick, easy removal of keratin-Ca with water rinsing and little scrubbing. For the swelling process, we added chelating agents and anionic surfactants to swell the keratin-Ca by both capturing calcium ions and improving solution permeation. Furthermore, we measured the structural change of the keratin-Ca during swelling by TD-NMR and confirmed that a certain combination of chelating agent and anionic surfactant improved swelling by affecting not only the amorphous part such as the keratin matrix, but also the crystalline part such as the intermediate filaments (IFs).
The zero-hour arguably marks much more than a form of precarious employment. Making liquid the injustice of the here and now, it also postpones any reckoning with the temporal, spatial and, more ...often, racial dispossessions of a city like London in this, its contemporary neoliberal progress. In this article, I offer up a reading of the zero-hour as it emerges within the city's much longer end time imagination. But I also attempt to trace an immanent critique of this tradition. Turning to the black British poet D.S. Marriott and his latest collection, Duppies (
2018
), which is best characterized as an elegy for the end of Grime, this article theorizes the possibility for a melancholy writing of London that might resist its many end time dispossessions.
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