Türkiye’de arı yetiştiriciliğinin en önemli arı zararlısı olarak görülen Varroa destructor, bir ektoparazittir. Çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’nin Van bölgesindeki bal arılarını (Apis mellifera) istila ...eden Varroa destructor akarının haplotiplerini belirlemektir. Araştırmada, akarın mitokondriyal Cox1 gen belgesini analiz etmek için PCR+RFLP modifiye yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca örneklerin % 10’u (28) çift yönlü sekans analizi için özel bir firmaya gönderilmiştir. PCR sonucunda, 570 bp büyüklüğünde amplifiye DNA elde edilmiştir. RFLP için amplifiye ürüne XhoI ve SacI restriksiyon enzimleri uygulanmıştır. SacI restriksiyon enzimi DNA’yı kesmemesine rağmen XhoI restriksiyon enzimi amplifiye DNA’yı 270 ve 300 bp olarak iki parçaya (bant) kesmiştir. RFLP reaksiyonunun bantları ve mitokondriyal DNA'nın dizi analizi, tüm akar örneklerinin V. destructor Kore haplotipi olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bu çalışma sonuçları Van bölgesinde bu akarların kontrolünde yardımcı olmalıdır.
Haplogroup H dominates present-day Western European mitochondrial DNA variability (>40%), yet was less common (~19%) among Early Neolithic farmers (~5450 BC) and virtually absent in Mesolithic ...hunter-gatherers. Here we investigate this major component of the maternal population history of modern Europeans and sequence 39 complete haplogroup H mitochondrial genomes from ancient human remains. We then compare this 'real-time' genetic data with cultural changes taking place between the Early Neolithic (~5450 BC) and Bronze Age (~2200 BC) in Central Europe. Our results reveal that the current diversity and distribution of haplogroup H were largely established by the Mid Neolithic (~4000 BC), but with substantial genetic contributions from subsequent pan-European cultures such as the Bell Beakers expanding out of Iberia in the Late Neolithic (~2800 BC). Dated haplogroup H genomes allow us to reconstruct the recent evolutionary history of haplogroup H and reveal a mutation rate 45% higher than current estimates for human mitochondria.
The laboratory rat is one of the most extensively studied model organisms. Inbred laboratory rat strains originated from limited Rattus norvegicus founder populations, and the inherited genetic ...variation provides an excellent resource for the correlation of genotype to phenotype. Here, we report a survey of genetic variation based on almost 3 million newly identified SNPs. We obtained accurate and complete genotypes for a subset of 20,238 SNPs across 167 distinct inbred rat strains, two rat recombinant inbred panels and an F2 intercross. Using 81% of these SNPs, we constructed high-density genetic maps, creating a large dataset of fully characterized SNPs for disease gene mapping. Our data characterize the population structure and illustrate the degree of linkage disequilibrium. We provide a detailed SNP map and demonstrate its utility for mapping of quantitative trait loci. This community resource is openly available and augments the genetic tools for this workhorse of physiological studies.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Objective: The human ERBB4 gene (v-erb-a erithroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homology 4) codes for the ErbB4 receptor protein. One of the ligands of ErbB4 receptor is Neuregulin-1 and it is coded ...by NRG1 gene which is reported to be a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia. Since ErbB4 receptor is activated by binding of Neuregulin-1, ERBB4 gene is thought to be involved in development of schizophrenia (SZ) as well. Even though several association, expression and animal studies supported this idea and resulted with association between the disease and several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the ERBB4 gene, independent studies done in different populations did not replicate that result. In the present study we aimed to get clues about involvement of three ERBB4 SNPs -which were found to be associated with schizophrenia in some other populations- in development of schizophrenia in a group of Turkish patients.
Methods: We screened 3 SNPs (rs707284, rs7598440 and rs839523) in a group of Turkish schizophrenia patients and a matched control group from Malatya-Turkey to test the presence of such an association. For SNP genotyping, we used a real-time PCR based method and we evaluated the results with chi-square test. We have analyzed the haplotypes constituted by those three SNPs for multiple locus associations as well as analyzing each for single SNP associations.
Results: After SNP genotyping and statistical tests comparing our case and control groups for allele, genotype and haplotype distributions, there was no significant difference between those two groups for three SNPs we screened.
Conclusion: We were not able to find a significant evidence for presence of an association between three SNPs located in the ERBB4 gene and schizophrenia in our patients.
Determination of genetic resources and their diversity constitutes are the initial step of the breeding programs. Before starting to the selection of the desired properties, many molecular methods ...are used to determine the existing genetic potential and determine the genotypic values. Many molecular methods (RAPD, RFLP, AFLP, SSR and DNA sequencing etc.) based on PCR technology are used to identify populations, identify genes related to yield and resistance, and demonstrate phylogenetic relationships. Many software’s for the analysis of molecular datasets obtained from molecular methods have been developed and the field of bioinformatics was born. In this study, after DNA sequence analysis; it is aimed to give information about haplotype analysis by determining SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism's) in individuals of populations, calculation of the genetic distance among populations and within populations, and software and analysis used for phylogenetic tree drawing.
Since the first observation of hemoglobin S (Hb S) in Turkey by Aksoy, the number of hemoglobin variants reported was increased. Beta globin gene cluster haplotypes are being used to determine the ...origin of the mutations under interest. We studied the beta globin gene cluster haplotypes for the six different abnormal hemoglobins which are Hb S, Hb D-Los Angeles, Hb G-Coushatta, Hb E, Hb E-Saskatoon and Hb J-Iran observed in Turkey. In this study, we report two novel haplotypes - + + - - - + and - + - + + + in association with the Hb G-Coushatta mutation. The haplotype for the Hb J-Iran is also reported as - + - + + + + for the first time in world populations from Turkey.
Effect of leptin gene polymorphisms on milk production traits of Jersey cows Kulig, H., Westpomeranian University of Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, Szczecin (Poland). Div. of Genetics and Animal Breeding; Kmiec, M., Westpomeranian University of Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, Szczecin (Poland). Div. of Genetics and Animal Breeding; Kowalewska-Luczak, I., Westpomeranian University of Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, Szczecin (Poland). Div. of Genetics and Animal Breeding ...
Turkish journal of veterinary & animal sciences,
(2009), 2009, Letnik:
33, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A total of 181 Jersey cows were used to investigate how leptin gene polymorphisms affect milk production traits such as milk yield, fat and protein yield, and fat and protein content. Two ...single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped, including the A59V in exon 3 and Sau3AI in intron 2. The genotype, allele, and haplotype frequencies were estimated. Statistical analysis revealed that the A59V polymorphism significantly affected the milk, protein, and fat yield (P less than or equal to 0.01, P less than or equal to 0.05, respectively) with C as a desirable allele. No associations were observed between the Sau3AI polymorphism and the traits analysed in this study. However, cows with the CC/TT haplotype were characterised by a significantly lower milk fat content compared with cows with other haplotypes. The results indicated that selection for the A59V CC and CT animals might contribute to increase in milk yield as well as fat and protein yields in Jersey cattle.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are chronic hematological malignancies
that are characterized by autonomous proliferation of ...committed hematopoietic
progenitors and aberrant activation of tyrosine kinase signaling pathways, in
combination with a strong response to cytokines and growth factors. Three
major entities constitute MPN: polycythaemia vera (PV), essential
thrombocythemia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). One of the
complications of these diseases is their late evolution into acute myeloid
leukemia. Important feature of these diseases is the presence of missense
mutation JAK2- V617F and its variable representation among MPN entities. It
is also shown that there is socalled effect of "gene dosage" in these
patients, meaning that a different level of V617F alleles influences the
clinical picture of the disorders. JAK2-V617F mutation occurs in 80% of cases
on a specific haplotype, called 46/1 haplotype. Exact mechanism of action of
this set of SNPs, that are located within the JAK2 gene, has not been
determined yet. One of the possible mechanisms could be that it effects
transcription. Among eight SNPs, included in this haplotype, SNP rs12343867
has drawn special attention because of its strong association with the MPN.
The process of apoptosis is deregulated in hematological malignancies,
leading to resistance of cancer cells to death signals, thus providing them a
longer life span compared to normal cells. The process of apoptosis has not
been extensively studied in MPN, although it is known that it is directly
affected by the JAK2-V617F mutation. Specifically, the main signaling pathway
through STAT5 protein directly activates anti-apoptotic BCL2- xL protein,
thereby reducing apoptosis. Deregulation of other apoptotic pathways in MPN
is not fully understood. Aims and methods The aim of our study was to
investigate markers that participate in processes of cell proliferation and
apoptosis in patients with MPN. Therefore, the research included the study of
JAK2-V617F and FLT3-ITD mutations, molecular markers involved in the process
of proliferation. These mutations were detected by PCR-based methods. Using
qPCR method, the proportion of V617F mutant allele was determined. The method
of DNA sequencing has been used to analyze part of intron 14 of the JAK2
gene, containing the SNP rs12343867. We further characterized its function in
vitro and in vivo, and analyzed its effect on transcription of JAK2 gene. In
this segment of the study we used methods of recombinant DNA, transient
transfection of K562 cells, a functional CAT assay and EMSA assay. Using
RT-qPCR we studied resistance of MPN granulocytes to apoptosis, monitoring
the expression of markers of both internal (BCL2, BAX and BCL2L12) and
external (FASR) apoptotic pathway. Results, discussion and conclusions Out of
a total of 199 analyzed patients with MPN, JAK2-V617F mutation was detected
in 53% of patients with ET, 78% of patients with PV and 38% of patients with
MF. As to the proportion of V617F allele, we found that patients with ET have
low level of mutant allele (27%), patients with PV harbor higher mutant
allele proportion (44%), whereas in patients with MF V617F mutant allele is
predominant (81%). Studying the presence of FLT3-ITD mutation, we concluded
that this mutation is neither present in JAK2-V617F negative (15/33), nor in
JAK2-V617F positive (18/33) subjects. Our results indicate that in the early
stages of MPN, FLT3-ITD mutation is not an event that influences the
proliferative capacity of the malignant clone. Functional analysis of intron
14 of the JAK2 gene, harboring SNP rs12343867, has demonstrated that this DNA
region has a strong potential for transcriptional repression. For the first
time it was shown that some intronic element of the JAK2 gene is a
transcriptional regulatory element. It was found that protein complex that
interacts with this regulatory region contains transcription factor MEIS1/2,
which is specifically bound only when nucleotide C is present within the
intron sequence. We also found that JAK2 gene expression is under the strong
influence of JAK2-V617F mutation, and that the haplotype has no significant
role in the regulation of JAK2 gene expression. Investigation of apoptotic
markers in patients with MPN has shown altered expression of genes involved
in both external and internal apoptotic pathway. It was also noted that the
JAK2-V617F mutation does not affect the level of expression of these
apoptotic markers. This result demonstrates that apoptosis is deregulated in
patients with MPN, being an important mechanism of accumulation of the
malignant clone. In summary, the results of this study contributed to better
understanding of the molecular basis of MPN and shed new light on the
transcriptional regulation of JAK2 gene, providing another aspect of complex
JAK2 gene action in the etiology of these disorders.
SA Mijeloproliferativne neoplazije (MPN) su hronični hematološki maligniteti
koji se odlikuju autonomnom proliferacijom opredeljenih progenitora
hematopoeze i aberantnom aktivacijom tirozin kinaznih signalnih puteva u
kombinaciji sa snažnim odgovorom na citokine i faktore rasta. Tri bolesti
predstavljaju MPN u užem smislu: policitemija vera (PV), esencijalna
trombocitemija (ET) i mijelofibroza (MF). Jedna od komplikacija ovih
oboljenja je njihova kasna evolucija u akutnu mijeloidnu leukemiju (AML).
Važno obeležje ovih bolesti ja prisustvo „missense“ JAK2-V617F mutacije u sve
tri bolesti, a procenat zastupljenosti mutacije po bolestima je različit.
Takođe pokazano je da kod ovih pacijenata postoji tzv. efekat “doze gena”,
odnosno da različit nivo V617F alela utiče kliničku sliku bolesti. JAK2-V617F
mutacija događa se u 80% slučajeva na specifičnom haplotipu koji je nazvan
46/1 haplotip. Na koji način ovaj niz SNP-ova, koji se nalaze u JAK2 genu,
predisponira nastajanje mutacije kao i njen uticaj na fenotip MPN, još nije
utvrđeno. Jedan od mogućih mehanizama je uticaj ovog haplotipa na
transkripciju. Posebnu pažnju u okviru 46/1 haplotipa je privukao SNP
rs12343867, koji u potpunosti asocira sa MPN. Proces apoptoze je deregulisan
u hematološkim malignitetima, što dovodi do rezistencije malignih ćelija na
signale smrti i obezbeđuje im duži život u odnosu na normalne ćelije. Proces
apoptoze nije detaljno izučen kod MPN, mada se zna da je direktno pogođen
JAK2-V617F mutacijom. Naime, glavni signalni put preko STAT5 (Signal
Transducers and Activators of Transcription) proteina direktno aktivira anti-
apoptotski BCL2-xL protein, čime se smanjuje apoptoza. Deregulacija ostalih
apoptotskih puteva u MPN nije u potpunosti rasvetljena. Ciljevi istraživanja
i metode Cilj našeg istraživanja je bio ispitivanje markera koji učestvuju u
procesima proliferacije i apoptoze kod pacijenata sa MPN. Stoga je
istraživanje obuhvatilo proučavanje mutacija JAK2-V617F i FLT3-ITD,
molekularnih markera uključenih u proces proliferacije. Ove mutacije
detektovane su metodama baziranim na PCR. Metodom qPCR određen je udeo
zastupljenosti mutiranog V617F alela. Metodom sekvenciranja je analiziran DNK
region u intronu 14 JAK2 gena u kome se nalazi SNP rs12343867. Okarakterisana
je njegova funkcija in vitro i in vivo i analiziran njegov uticaj na
transkripciju JAK2 gena. U ovom segmentu istraživanja korišćene su metode
rekombinantne DNK, tranzijentna transfekcija K562 ćelija, funkcionalni CAT
esej i EM- Mijeloproliferativne neoplazije (MPN) su hronični hematološki maligniteti
koji se odlikuju autonomnom proliferacijom opredeljenih progenitora
hematopoeze i aberantnom aktivacijom tirozin kinaznih signalnih puteva u
kombinaciji sa snažnim odgovorom na citokine i faktore rasta. Tri bolesti
predstavljaju MPN u užem smislu: policitemija vera (PV), esencijalna
trombocitemija (ET) i mijelofibroza (MF). Jedna od komplikacija ovih
oboljenja je njihova kasna evolucija u akutnu mijeloidnu leukemiju (AML).
Važno obeležje ovih bolesti ja prisustvo „missense“ JAK2-V617F mutacije u sve
tri bolesti, a procenat zastupljenosti mutacije po bolestima je različit.
Takođe pokazano je da kod ovih pacijenata postoji tzv. efekat “doze gena”,
odnosno da različit nivo V617F alela utiče kliničku sliku bolesti. JAK2-V617F
mutacija događa se u 80% slučajeva na specifičnom haplotipu koji je nazvan
46/1 haplotip. Na koji način ovaj niz SNP-ova, koji se nalaze u JAK2 genu,
predisponira nastajanje mutacije kao i njen uticaj na fenotip MPN, još nije
utvrđeno. Jedan od mogućih mehanizama je uticaj ovog haplotipa na
transkripciju. Posebnu pažnju u okviru 46/1 haplotipa je privukao SNP
rs12343867, koji u potpunosti asocira sa MPN. Proces apoptoze je deregulisan
u hematološkim malignitetima, što dovodi do rezistencije malignih ćelija na
signale smrti i obezbeđuje im duži život u odnosu na normalne ćelije. Proces
apoptoze nije detaljno izučen kod MPN, mada se zna da je direktno pogođen
JAK2-V617F mutacijom. Naime, glavni signalni put preko STAT5 (Signal
Transducers and Activators of Transcription) proteina direktno aktivira anti-
apoptotski BCL2-xL protein, čime se smanjuje apoptoza. Deregulacija ostalih
apoptotskih puteva u MPN nije u potpunosti rasvetljena. Ciljevi istraživanja
i metode Cilj našeg istraživanja je bio ispitivanje markera koji učestvuju u
procesima proliferacije i apoptoze kod pacijenata sa MPN. Stoga je
istraživanje obuhvatilo proučavanje mutacija JAK2-V617F i FLT3-ITD,
molekularnih markera uključenih u proces proliferacije. Ove mutacije
detektovane su metodama baziranim na PCR. Metodom qPCR određen je udeo
zastupljenosti mutiranog V617F alela. Metodom sekvenciranja je analiziran DNK
region u intronu 14 JAK2 gena u kome se nalazi SNP rs12343867. Okarakterisana
je njegova funkcija in vitro i in vivo i analiziran njegov uticaj na
transkripciju JAK2 gena. U ovom segmentu istraživanja korišćene su metode
rekombinantne DNK, tranzijentna transfekcija K562 ćelija, funkcionalni CAT
esej i EMSA esej.
Cilj: Istražiti učestalost haplotipskih sveza HLA-DRB1-DQA1-DQB1 te produženog haplotipa Cw*0602-B57-DRB1*07-DQA1*0201 DQB1*0201 u pacijenata s pozitivnom i negativnom obiteljskom anamnezom ...psorijaze. Ispitanici i metode: Istraživanje povezanosti gena sustava HLA razreda I i II sa psorijazom obuhvatilo je 118 nesrodnih pacijenata s vulgarnom psorijazom. Učestalost haplotipskih sveza ispitana je serološki i metodom hibridizacije specifičnim probama. Rezultati: Utvrđena je povišena učestalost haplotipa DRB1*07-DQA1*0201- -DQB1*0201 i DRB1*07-DQA1*0201-DQB1*0303 u psorijatičara s pozitivnom obiteljskom anamnezom te također produženog haplotipa Cw6-B57-DRB1*0701-DQA1*0201- -DQB1*0201 (P = 0,004). U psorijatičara s negativnom obiteljskom anamnezom učestalost produženog haplotipa gotovo je ista kao u kontrolnoj skupini. Zaključak: Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na jaču i značajniju povezanost s podložnim haplotipovima HLA za pacijente s pozitivnom obiteljskom anamnezom psorijaze, stoga upućuju na značajnu ulogu gena sustava HLA u nasljeđivanju psorijaze.
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Invazivni ponto-kaspijski glavoči: riječni glavočić (Neogobius fluviatilis), glavočić okrugljak
(Neogobius melanostomus), keslerov ...glavočić (Ponticola kessleri) nedavno su uzrokovali
dramatične promjene struktura ribljih zajednica diljem europskih riječnih sustava. Iako je
njihova prisutnost u hrvatskom dijelu dunavskog slijeva primjećena i distribucija izučena,
njihova ishrana, utjecaj na autohtone populacije riba, kondicija, dob i rast, zastupljenost
haplotipova i porijeklo, do sada su bili nepoznati. Analiza sadržaja probavnog trakta
riječnog glavočića (Neogobius fluviatilis) ukazuje da mu je ishrana vrlo raznolika, ali
prevladavaju Trichoptera, Chironomidae, Bivalvia i Odonata. Ishrana mu se u znatnoj
mjeri preklapa s ishranom glavočića okrugljaka (Neogobius melanostomus), kojem u
ishrani prevladava Gastropoda. Mala riba i Gammarus sp. prevladavaju u ishrani
keslerova glavočića (Ponticola kessleri). Usporedba sadržaja probavnog trakta s plijenom
dostupnim u okolini ukazuje da riječni glavočić i glavočić okrugljak preferiraju Trichoptera,
Megaloptera i Coleoptera, a keslerov glavočić Trichoptera, Gammarus sp. i Pisces.
Analize ukazuju na potencijalno pozitivan utjecaj prisustva ponto-kaspijskih glavoča na
neke populacije riba: glavočića okrugljaka i keslerova glavočića na zlatnog vijuna
(Sabanejewia balcanica), riječnog glavočića na šarana (Cyprinus carpio), karasa
(Carassius carassius), manjića (Lota lota) i velikog vijuna (Cobitis elongata). Međutim,
postoje i naznake da keslerov glavočić negativno utječe na klena (Squalius cephalus), a
glavočić okrugljak na malog vretenca (Zingel streber). Pozitivan alometrijski rast utvrđen
je za sve tri analizirane vrste ponto-kaspijskih glavoča upućujući na vremenski duže
prisutne populacije. Kondicijski faktor najveći je za glavočića okrugljaka, a najmanji za
riječnog glavočića. Za riječnog glavočića je utvrđena dob I, II i III, a za glavočića
okrugljaka i keslerova glavočića I, II, III i IV, s tim da najveću brzinu rasta ima riječni
glavočić, a najmanju glavočić okrugljak. Za svaku od analiziranih vrsta ponto-kaspijskih
glavoča utvrđen je jedan crnomorski haplotip. Malen broj haplotipova upućuje na relativno
malobrojne populacije ponto-kaspijskih glavoča što potencijalno smanjuje visinu njihova
invazivnog potencijala u savskom slijevu.- Invasive Ponto-Caspian gobies have recently caused dramatic changes in fish
assemblage structures throughout the Danube basin. While their presence in the Croatian
part of the basin has been noted and distribution studied, their dietary habits, impact on
native fish communities, condition, age and growth, presence of haplotypes and origin,
until now, have been unknown. In 2011, 17 locations in the Sava River Basin were
sampled for fish and 15 for benthic invertebrates. Fish population monitoring data,
available for nine seasons (2003-2006 and 2010-2014) and 12 locations, were used to
analyse the impacts of Ponto-Caspian gobies on benthic fish abundance. Gut content
analysis indicates that the monkey goby (Neogobius fluviatilis) diet is very diverse, but
dominated by Trichoptera, Chironomidae, Bivalvia and Odonata. The diet overlaps
considerably with the round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) diet, although Gastropoda
are dominant in the latter's diet. Small fish and Gammarus sp. dominate the bighead goby
(Ponticola kessleri) diet. Comparison of gut content with the prey available in the
environment indicates that monkey and round gobies exhibit preference for Trichoptera,
Megaloptera and Coleoptera, and bighead goby for Trichoptera, Gammarus sp. and
Pisces. Ponto-Caspian gobies in the Sava River are spreading upstream, towards the
reaches with lower fish diversity. Analyses indicate potentially positive impacts of PontoCaspian
gobies presence on some fish populations: round and bighead goby on Balkan
golden loach (Sabanejewia balcanica) and monkey goby on common carp (Cyprinus
carpio), crucian carp (Carassius carassius), burbot (Lota lota) and Balkan loach (Cobitis
elongata). However, there are also indications that bighead and round goby could
adversely impact the native chub (Squalius cephalus) and zingel (Zingel streber)
populations, respectively. Positive allometric growth has been determined for all three
analyzed Ponto-Caspian goby species, suggesting that they have been present for a
longer period of time. Condition factor, as a function of available energy resources, is the
largest for the round goby and the lowest for the monkey goby. Age I, II, III have been
determined for the monkey goby and age I, II, III, IV for the round and bighead goby, with
the highest growth rate determined for the monkey goby and the lowest for the round
goby. For each of the analyzed Ponto-Caspian goby species only one haplotype,
originated from native Black Sea populations, has been found. Determined monkey goby
haplotype has also been found in Ukraine and Slovakia and determined round goby
haplotype in Ukraine, Bulgaria, Slovakia, Serbia, Poland and Belgium. Determined
bighead goby haplotype has also been found only in Ukraine. A small number of
haplotypes indicates a relatively small number of Ponto-Caspian goby populations and
potentially reduces their invasive potential in the Sava River Basin. Although the PontoCaspian
goby caused significant disruptions in some areas of the Danube basin, density
of its population and impacts are relatively limited in the Sava River and its tributaries. As
Ponto-Caspian gobies are still in the expansionary period of invasion and the ecosystem
still adapting to new circumstances, continued monitoring of fish population dynamics in
the Sava basin is needed to determine the outcome and impacts of this invasion.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
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