Recent years have witnessed an upsurge in global health emergencies-from SARS to pandemic influenza to Ebola to Zika. Each of these occurrences has sparked calls for improved health preparedness. ...InUnprepared,Andrew Lakoff follows the history of health preparedness from its beginnings in 1950s Cold War civil defense to the early twenty-first century, when international health authorities carved out a global space for governing potential outbreaks. Alert systems and trigger devices now link health authorities, government officials, and vaccine manufacturers, all of whom are concerned with the possibility of a global pandemic. Funds have been devoted to cutting-edge research on pathogenic organisms, and a system of post hoc diagnosis analyzes sites of failed preparedness to find new targets for improvement. Yet, despite all these developments, the project of global health security continues to be unsettled by the prospect of surprise.
We developed and tested a moderated mediation model of work and health-related outcomes of abusive supervision. Drawing on the stressor-strain framework and conservation of resources theory, we ...hypothesized that subordinates' job satisfaction has a negative mediating effect between abusive supervision and subordinates' physical health and mental health problems. Because stressor-strain linkages are subject to individual-level variations, we further hypothesized that subordinates' power distance orientation moderates the relation between abusive supervision and job satisfaction, such that this relation is attenuated as power distance orientation increases. We tested these hypotheses on data collected from 603 employees through three surveys over a 12-month period in Japan. The findings support our hypotheses and moderated mediation model.
While serving as a physician overseas in resource-poor countries, Dr. James Chambers recognized the need for a practical, portable reference for non-specialist healthcare providers to orient them to ...common issues when serving in new situations, whether due to geography, austere environments, or complex humanitarian disasters. Field Guide to Global Health and Disaster Medicine draws on the experience, training, and perspectives of committed healthcare providers from diverse nations and backgrounds to provide the most essential information for maximum utility in the field-whether in a refugee camp, operating room, disaster response scene, or other demanding environment. Helps providers prepare for service overseas, organize data to develop differential diagnoses, assimilate information on infectious and environmental diseases, and effectively serve the patients they will encounter. Provides concise, easy-to-read coverage of how to approach a differential diagnosis for infectious diseases overseas; nutritional, sexual, and environmental conditions; surgical and anesthesia care; long-term and short-term systems-based challenges, and more. Covers key topics such as Approach to Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons, Medical Response to Disasters, Mental Health in War and Crisis Regions, and Considerations for Pandemic Preparedness and Response. Acknowledges the wide variance of different cultures, motives, resources, and limitations in the global health arena, and helps readers understand the factors which impact the efficacy and sustainability of care strategies.
Previous studies suggest that musicians may be at higher risk for a set of medical problems; however, this literature has been limited by relatively small sample sizes, self‐reports, and lack of ...controls. To address such limitations, we examined trends in the medical care of musicians in an Electronic Health Record database. On the basis of a collection of keywords and regular expressions in the patients’ clinical notes, we identified 9803 “musicians” that we matched for sex, median age (across the medical record), ethnicity, race, the length of record, and the number of visits with 49,015 controls. We fitted 1263 logistic regression models to determine whether the phenotype was correlated with musicianship. Two hundred fifty‐seven phenotypes were more prevalent in musicians than controls after Bonferroni adjustment (P < 7.6 × 10–6), including diseases of the larynx and vocal cords (OR = 2.32 (95% CI: 2.25–2.40)), and hearing loss (OR = 1.36 (95% CI: 1.32–1.39)). Fifteen phenotypes were significantly more prevalent in controls than musicians, including coronary atherosclerosis (OR = 0.91 (95% CI: 0.89–0.94)). Although being a musician was related to many occupational health problems, we identified protective effects of musicianship in which certain disorders were less common in musicians than in controls, indicating that active musical engagement could have health benefits analogous to athletic engagement.
We conducted the first phenome‐wide association studies of musicians using an electronic health record framework in over 80,000 individuals and found both the risk and protective associations with many medical disorders. These included medical complaints involving the musculoskeletal system, the respiratory, endocrine, and metabolic systems, as well as mental health problems. We also identified a number of protective effects by observing diagnoses, such as cardiovascular disease and respiratory and renal failure, which were less common in musicians than in controls, in line with the literature indicating that active musical engagement has similar health benefits to athletic engagement.
We are living in challenging and uncertain times. At the time this article was edited, there were already more than 2.4 million confirmed cases of the corona virus (COVID-19) (World Health ...Organization, 2020). Nearly every country across the globe is struggling to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 virus and limit its health, societal, and economic consequences. The full impact on community, work, family, and its intersections is not yet clear. As the Editorial Board of Community, Work & Family, we share a deep concern for the potential impact of this global health pandemic. We similarly stand in awe to all the communities, workers, and families doing their utmost to combat it. In this article, we do not attempt to provide definitive answers or even recommendations to address the problems we are witnessing. We do, however, feel the need to raise a collective voice about the significant potential for increased inequality. COVID-19 is not a great leveler. In all likelihood, COVID-19 will exacerbate existing inequalities, both in its immediate consequences resulting from the drastic measures taken to contain its spread, as well as its potential long-term consequences. These inequalities may take many forms. We highlight a number of them here as they relate to this journal’s focus on community, work, and family.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Poor sleep quality and mental health problems are common in college students. The objective of this study is to examine whether sleep quality predicts the risk of future mental health problems, and ...vice versa.
The sleep quality and mental health status of 686 male college students were estimated, and 582 of them were followed up a year later. Subjective sleep quality and mental health problems were measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), respectively.
Either at baseline or during follow-up, the PSQI global score was positively associated with scores for depression, anxiety, and stress on the DASS-21 (p's < 0.001). Longitudinal analyses revealed that DASS-21 total score increased in line with increased of PSQI global score during the year (p < .001). More importantly, the cross-lagged analysis showed that (i) PSQI global score at baseline was positively related to depression (β = 0.261), anxiety (β = 0.321), and stress (β = 0.311) scores a year later (p's < 0.001) and (ii) depression (β = 0.259), stress (β = 0.245) and anxiety (β = 0.292) scores at baseline were related to PSQI global score a year later (p's < 0.001). Finally, we further found that among those without mental health problems at baseline, poorer baseline sleep quality predicted a higher risk of anxiety symptoms a year later (RR 3.07, 95% CI 1.36–6.97, p = .007).
These data may suggest a bidirectionally relationship between sleep quality and mental health problems.
•Poor sleepers have a higher prevalence of metal health problems, and vice versa.•Sleep and mental health status covaried over the course of a year.•Bidirectional relationships between sleep quality and mental health may exist.
•Twenty-three studies with 57,927 children and adolescents were included in the review.•Prevalence of depression and anxiety were 29% and 26%, respectively.•Prevalence of sleep disorders and ...posttraumatic stress symptoms were 44% and 48%.•Adolescents exhibited higher prevalence of depression and anxiety than children.•Females reported higher prevalence of depression and anxiety than males.
This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the prevalence of depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, and posttraumatic stress symptoms among children and adolescents during global COVID-19 pandemic in 2019 to 2020, and the potential modifying effects of age and gender.
A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and two Chinese academic databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang) for studies published from December 2019 to September 2020 that reported the prevalence of above mental health problems among children and adolescents. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to estimate the pooled prevalence.
Twenty-three studies (21 cross-sectional studies and 2 longitudinal studies) from two countries (i.e., China and Turkey) with 57,927 children and adolescents were identified. Depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, and posttraumatic stress symptoms were assessed in 12, 13, 2, and 2 studies, respectively. Meta-analysis of results from these studies showed that the pooled prevalence of depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, and posttraumatic stress symptoms were 29% (95%CI: 17%, 40%), 26% (95%CI: 16%, 35%), 44% (95%CI: 21%, 68%), and 48% (95%CI: -0.25, 1.21), respectively. The subgroup meta-analysis revealed that adolescents and females exhibited higher prevalence of depression and anxiety compared to children and males, respectively.
All studies in meta-analysis were from China limited the generalizability of our findings.
Early evidence highlights the high prevalence of mental health problems among children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially among female and adolescents. Studies investigating the mental health of children and adolescents from countries other than China are urgently needed.
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