Previous metabolomics studies have highlighted the predictive value of metabolites on upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer, while most of them ignored the potential effects of lifestyle and genetic ...risk on plasma metabolites. This study aimed to evaluate the role of lifestyle and genetic risk in the metabolic mechanism of UGI cancer. Differential metabolites of UGI cancer were identified using partial least-squares discriminant analysis and the Wilcoxon test. Then, we calculated the healthy lifestyle index (HLI) score and polygenic risk score (PRS) and divided them into three groups, respectively. A total of 15 metabolites were identified as UGI-cancer-related differential metabolites. The metabolite model (AUC = 0.699) exhibited superior discrimination ability compared to those of the HLI model (AUC = 0.615) and the PRS model (AUC = 0.593). Moreover, subgroup analysis revealed that the metabolite model showed higher discrimination ability for individuals with unhealthy lifestyles compared to that with healthy individuals (AUC = 0.783 vs 0.684). Furthermore, in the genetic risk subgroup analysis, individuals with a genetic predisposition to UGI cancer exhibited the best discriminative performance in the metabolite model (AUC = 0.770). These findings demonstrated the clinical significance of metabolic biomarkers in UGI cancer discrimination, especially in individuals with unhealthy lifestyles and a high genetic risk.
The Social Determinants of Chronic Disease Cockerham, William C., PhD; Hamby, Bryant W., MA; Oates, Gabriela R., PhD
American journal of preventive medicine,
01/2017, Letnik:
52, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This review article addresses the concept of the social determinants of health (SDH), selected theories, and its application in studies of chronic disease. Once ignored or regarded only as distant or ...secondary influences on health and disease, social determinants have been increasingly acknowledged as fundamental causes of health afflictions. For the purposes of this discussion, SDH refers to SDH variables directly relevant to chronic diseases and, in some circumstances, obesity, in the research agenda of the Mid-South Transdisciplinary Collaborative Center for Health Disparities Research. The health effects of SDH are initially discussed with respect to smoking and the social gradient in mortality. Next, four leading SDH theories—life course, fundamental cause, social capital, and health lifestyle theory—are reviewed with supporting studies. The article concludes with an examination of neighborhood disadvantage, social networks, and perceived discrimination in SDH research.
Ovarian cancer has a poor survival rate and, understandably, women often want to know whether there is anything they can do to improve their prognosis. Our goal was to investigate the association ...between a healthy lifestyle prediagnosis and postdiagnosis and survival in a cohort of Australian women with invasive epithelial ovarian cancer. We calculated a healthy lifestyle index (HLI) based on women's self‐reported smoking status, height, weight, physical activity, diet and alcohol consumption before diagnosis (n = 678) and after completing primary treatment (n = 512). Clinical data and vital status for each woman were ascertained through medical records. Cox proportional hazards regression was conducted to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for all‐cause mortality. There was a suggestive association between a more healthy lifestyle before diagnosis and better survival (HR 0.79, 95% CI: 0.59‐1.04), however, the association was stronger for lifestyle after diagnosis, with women in the highest tertile having significantly better survival than women in the lowest tertile (HR 0.61, 95% CI: 0.40‐0.93; P‐trend = .02). Current smoking, particularly postdiagnosis, was associated with higher mortality (HR 1.68, 95% CI: 1.17‐2.42; HR 2.82, 95% CI: 1.29‐6.14, for prediagnosis and postdiagnosis smoking, respectively), but women who quit after diagnosis had survival outcomes similar to nonsmokers (HR 0.99, 95% CI: 0.57‐1.72). Higher physical activity after diagnosis was associated with better survival (HR 0.60, 95% CI: 0.39‐0.92; P‐trend = .02). A healthy lifestyle after diagnosis, in particular not smoking and being physically active, may help women with ovarian cancer improve their prognosis.
What's new?
The outlook for ovarian cancer patients has been steadily improving. Nonetheless, in high‐income countries, relative five‐year survival rates remain below 50 percent. This study examined the potential for modifiable lifestyle factors and healthy lifestyle to positively impact overall survival following ovarian cancer diagnosis. Analyses show that particularly after diagnosis, overall healthy lifestyle and higher physical activity were associated with improved survival. Meanwhile, smoking was linked to increased mortality, though outcome was better among women who quit smoking post‐diagnosis. The results suggest that women recently diagnosed with ovarian cancer can make lifestyle changes that impact and potentially improve their survival.
In early life, both mothers and fathers are important influences on their children's diet, active play, and obesity risk. Parents are increasingly relying on the internet and social media as a source ...of information on all aspects of parenting. However, little is known about the use of Web-based sources of information relevant to family lifestyle behaviors and, in particular, differences between mothers' and fathers' use and sociodemographic predictors.
The objective of this study was to examine if mothers and fathers differ in their use of the internet for information on their own health and their child's health, feeding, and playing and to examine sociodemographic predictors of the use of the internet for information on these topics.
We conducted a secondary analysis on data collected from mothers (n=297) and fathers (n=207) participating in the extended Infant Feeding, Activity and Nutrition Trial (InFANT Extend) when their children were 36 months of age. The main outcome variables were the use of the internet for information gathering for parents' own health and child health, feeding, and playing. Binary logistic regression was used to examine the sociodemographic predictors of outcomes.
Compared with fathers (n=296), a higher proportion of mothers (n=198) used the internet for information on their own health (230, 78.5% vs 93, 46.5%), child health (226, 77.1% vs 84, 42.4%), child feeding (136, 46.3% vs 35, 17.5%), and child play (123, 42.1% vs 28, 14.0%) and intended to use Facebook to connect with other parents (200, 74.9% vs 43, 30.5%). Despite the high use of the internet to support family health behaviors, only 15.9% (47/296) of mothers reported consulting health practitioners for advice and help for their own or their child's weight, diet, or physical activity. Sociodemographic predictors of internet use differed between mothers and fathers and explained only a small proportion of the variance in internet use to support healthy family lifestyle behaviors.
Our findings support the use of the internet and Facebook as an important potential avenue for reaching mothers with information relevant to their own health, child health, child diet, and active play. However, further research is required to understand the best avenues for engaging fathers with information on healthy family lifestyle behaviors to support this important role in their child's life.
ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN81847050; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN81847050.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Previously, FNIP-1 was found to play a critical role in the coupling of mitochondria function to restore ATP. Mitochondria was need to be supplied sufficient oxygen by myoglobin in the myocyte. We ...proposed that FNIP-1 also regulated myoglobin levels to support endurance performance. This study aimed to investigate whether FNIP-1 expression in muscle was correlated with myoglobin level and endurance performance on the treadmill run test. Male adult balb/c mice performed a run on the treadmill for as long as possible. The duration of running was measured as endurance performance. Its calf muscles were analyzed for myoglobin level and FNIP-1 expression. Lower FNIP-1 expression in calf muscle was found on higher levels of myoglobin and the longer duration of running on a treadmill. The Pearson test showed that the P value was <0.05, which indicated that there was a correlation between FNIP-1 and myoglobin with a score of -0.77, which indicated that there was a negative correlation. The Spearman test also showed that the P value was <0.05, which indicated that there was a correlation between FNIP-1 and endurance performance with a score of -0.70, which indicated that there was a negative correlation. So, FNIP-1 expression negatively correlated with myoglobin level and endurance performance of mice. Further study needs to investigate the FNIP-1 expression in human muscle to look at its correlation with the level of lactate, oxygen saturation (SaO2), oxygen fraction (FiO2), and maximum volume of oxygen uptake (VO2 max). Keywords: FNIP-1, muscle, endurance, myoglobin, healthy lifestyle.
Using a polygenic score of DNA sequence polymorphisms, the authors of this study quantified genetic risk and assessed four healthy lifestyle factors. Among participants at high genetic risk, a ...healthy lifestyle was associated with a reduced risk of coronary disease.
Both genetic and lifestyle factors are key drivers of coronary artery disease, a complex disorder that is the leading cause of death worldwide.
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A familial pattern in the risk of coronary artery disease was first described in 1938 and was subsequently confirmed in large studies involving twins and prospective cohorts.
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Since 2007, genomewide association analyses have identified more than 50 independent loci associated with the risk of coronary artery disease.
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These risk alleles, when aggregated into a polygenic risk score, are predictive of incident coronary events and provide a continuous and quantitative measure of genetic susceptibility.
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Much . . .
Aim
To investigate the associations of individual and combined healthy lifestyle factors (HLS) with the risk of stroke in individuals with diabetes in China.
Methods
This prospective analysis ...included 41 314 individuals with diabetes 15 191 from the Comprehensive Research on the Prevention and Control of the Diabetes (CRPCD) project and 26 123 from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) study. Associations of lifestyle factors, including cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, diet, body shape and sleep duration, with the risk of stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) and ischaemic stroke (IS) were assessed using Cox proportional hazard models.
Results
During median follow‐up periods of 8.02 and 9.05 years, 2499 and 4578 cases of stroke, 2147 and 4024 of IS, and 160 and 728 of ICH were documented in individuals with diabetes in the CRPCD and CKB cohorts, respectively. In the CRPCD cohort, patients with ≥5 HLS had a 14% lower risk of stroke (hazard ratio (HR): 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.75‐0.98) than those with ≤2 HLS. In the CKB cohort, the adjusted HR (95% CI) for patients with ≥5 HLS were 0.74 (0.66‐0.83) for stroke, 0.74 (0.66‐0.83) for IS, and 0.57 (0.42‐0.78) for ICH compared with those with ≤2 HLS. The pooled adjusted HR (95% CI) comparing patients with ≥5 HLS versus ≤2 HLS was 0.79 (0.69‐0.92) for stroke, 0.80 (0.68‐0.93) for IS, and 0.60 (0.46‐0.78) for ICH.
Conclusions
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle was associated with a lower risk of stroke, IS and ICH among individuals with diabetes.
Background
In 2017, the National Academy of Medicine convened its Action Collaborative for Clinician Well‐being and Resilience in an effort to stem the epidemic levels of burnout, depression, and ...suicide among healthcare clinicians. Nurses report higher rates of substance abuse, depression, and suicide than the national average. Newly licensed registered nurses (NLRNs) report high levels of burnout and stress. Suboptimal health in nurses is linked to medical errors. Few studies address the mental health and lifestyle behaviors of NLRNs or provide evidence‐based solutions to improve these outcomes.
Aims
This study evaluated the 6‐month effects of the MINDBODYSTRONG for Healthcare Professionals program on the mental health, healthy lifestyle behaviors, and job satisfaction of NLRNs participating in a nurse residency program.
Methods
A two‐group randomized controlled trial was conducted with 89 NLRNs at a large, Midwestern academic medical center. The intervention group received eight 30– to 35‐min weekly sessions as part of the MINDBODYSTRONG program, a cognitive behavioral skill‐building program incorporating strategies to improve mental and physical health. The control group acted as the attention control group receiving eight weekly 30– to 35‐min debriefing sessions as part of the normal nurse residency program.
Results
Data were collected at baseline, immediately postintervention, 3 months postintervention, and 6 months postintervention. The intervention group scored better on mental health outcomes, healthy lifestyle behaviors, and job satisfaction at 6 months postintervention than the control group. Significant improvements were found for depressive symptoms and job satisfaction; there were moderate to large positive effects for the MINDBODYSTRONG program on all variables.
Linking Evidence to Action
The MINDBODYSTRONG program sustained its positive effects across time and has excellent potential as an evidence‐based intervention for improving the mental health, healthy lifestyle behaviors, and job satisfaction in NLRNs.
Background:
Many preregistration student nurses tend to be overweight or obese and have unhealthy lifestyles.
Aims:
This study aimed to quantify the prevalence of these issues, to identify barriers ...to adopting a healthy lifestyle as well as potential solutions, and to explore the use of smartphone health apps.
Methods:
An online questionnaire examined diet and physical activity habits, general health and attitudes to eHealth. An in-class questionnaire with a new sample assessed current lifestyle, barriers to healthier living, support needed to achieve goals and the use of health apps.
Findings:
Half of student nurses were overweight or obese and only 41% met the recommended levels of physical activity. An in-class questionnaire revealed that more than half of them wanted to have a better diet and to exercise more.
Conclusion:
Generally, student nurses were not satisfied with their current lifestyles. A lack of motivation and time were the most frequently reported barriers; an intervention focusing on motivational support could be an acceptable and effective means of achieving and sustaining positive behaviour change.
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle can promote the quality of individuals’ performance in professional domains. Based on signaling theory and similarity-attraction theory, we examined whether ...information concerning job applicants’ lifestyles can influence recruiter evaluations. In Pilot Study 1a, a field survey revealed that applicants’ healthy lifestyles were positively associated with job performance in the workplace via vigor. We then conducted follow-up experiments, which revealed that if the professional participants (e.g., hiring managers) and full-time employees received information that indicated that applicants had a healthy lifestyle, they were more likely to provide favorable hirability-related judgments via perceptions of applicants’ vigor. Furthermore, recruiters’ healthy lifestyles can moderate the relationship between applicants’ healthy lifestyles and recruiter evaluations, in such a way that recruiters are more likely to evaluate healthy applicants positively when they have healthier lifestyles. We end by discussing the theoretical and practical implications of this research.
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