African Swine Fever (ASF), caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), has inflicted significant economic losses on the pig industry in China. The key to mitigating its impact lies in accurate ...screening and strict biosecurity measures. In this regard, the development of colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strips (CGITS) has proven to be an effective method for detecting ASFV antibodies. These test strips are based on the ASFV p30 recombinant protein and corresponding monoclonal antibodies. The design of the test strip incorporates a high-concentration colloidal gold-labeled p30 recombinant protein as the detection sensor, utilizing Staphylococcal Protein A (SPA) as the test line (T line), and p30 monoclonal antibody as the control line (C line). The sensitivity and specificity of the test strip were evaluated after optimizing the labeling concentration, pH, and protein dosage. The research findings revealed that the optimal colloidal gold labeling concentration was 0.05 %, the optimal pH was 8.4, and the optimal protein dosage was 10 μg/mL. Under these conditions, the CGITS demonstrated a detection limit of 1:512 dilution of ASFV standard positive serum, without exhibiting cross-reactivity with antibodies against other viral pathogens. Furthermore, the test strips remained stable for up to 20 days when stored at 50 °C and 4 °C. Comparatively, the CGITS outperformed commercial ELISA kits, displaying a sensitivity of 90.9 % and a specificity of 96.2 %. Subsequently, 108 clinical sera were tested to assess its performance. The data showed that the coincidence rate between the CGITS and ELISA was 93.5 %. In conclusion, the rapid colloidal gold test strip provides an efficient and reliable screening tool for on-site clinical detection of ASF in China. Its accuracy, stability, and simplicity make it a valuable asset in combating the spread of ASF and limiting its impact on the pig industry.
•Monitoring concentration effects on MNPs SAR values uninfluenced by aggregates.•Linear heating slopes independent from size, shape and concentration were found.•Linear heating slopes result in ...unchanged SAR values.
Magnetic hyperthermia for cancer treatment has gained significant attention in recent years, due to its biocompatibility of applied nanoparticles and the possibility for spatially localized heating in deep tissues. Clinical treatments use nanoparticle concentrations of 112 mg Fe/mL, while the concentrations experimental studies have addressed are considerably smaller, usually between 0.1 and 30 mg/mL. Therefore, it is not clear whether such experiments correspond to the magnetic properties found in clinical applications. In this regard, we studied the thermal behavior of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) with the most common particle shapes used in the field, including spherical (core diameters 11 and 19 nm), cubic (15 nm) and ellipsoidal (23 nm with an aspect ratio of 1.45), at concentrations ranging from 5 to 80 mg Fe/mL. Their shape, size, crystallinity, magnetic, and thermal behavior were characterized via transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, Taylor dispersion analysis, X-ray diffraction, alternating gradient magnetometry, and lock-in thermography. Spherical and cubic nanoparticles displayed linear heating slopes, independent from size, shape and concentration, resulting in unchanged specific absorption rates (SAR). Ellipsoids showed the same behavior until 50 mg/mL, above which a decreasing heating slope trend was found, without evidence as to what causes this behavior. However, the presented results highlight the importance of colloidally stable SPIONs in magnetic hyperthermia to obtain maximum heating power by minimum particle dosage.
This study aimed to contribute towards improving athletic performance by comparing the effects of highly concentrated hydrogen intake before and during exercise on soccer players’ metabolic and ...athletic performance.
This study followed a single-blind crossover design involving 10 male college soccer players. Before this experiment, the Vmax measurement and experimental familiarization stage were performed through pretesting. The exercise load test in this experiment involved a long-term intermittent high-intensity exercise protocol that reflects the specificity of soccer. It consisted of seven cycles taking about 120minutes. Placebo (mineral water) or highly concentrated hydrogen water was administered 30min before the exercise load test.
The study revealed that, regarding the respiratory gas variable Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER), the placebo intake experiment at exercise awareness was higher than that of the hydrogen water intake experiment (P<0.05). There was no difference between the two experiments in terms of oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2) (P>0.05). Fat oxidation during exercise (P<0.05), and running distance were higher after hydrogen water intake than after placebo, while running time, carbohydrate oxidation, active oxygen, and heart rate (P<0.05) were higher after placebo than hydrogen water. The hydrogen water intake experiment in running distance and running time of exercise performance was higher than that of the placebo intake experiment (P<0.05). The results of this study suggest that the intake of highly concentrated hydrogen water improves the ability to perform global motion and reduces the oxidative damage caused by active oxygen.
Cette étude visait à contribuer à améliorer les performances athlétiques en comparant les effets d’une ingestion d’eau fortement enrichie en hydrogène avant et pendant l’exercice sur les performances métaboliques et athlétiques de joueurs de football.
Cette étude croisée en simple aveugle a porté sur 10 footballeurs d’un club universitaire. Avant cette expérience, la mesure de la Vmax et une familiarisation préalable étaient effectuées. L’exercice effectué dans cette expérience utilisait un protocole intermittent à long terme d’exercice à haute intensité qui reflète la spécificité du football. Il s’agissait de sept cycles d’environ 120minutes. On a administré un placebo (eau minérale) ou de l’eau fortement enrichie en hydrogène 30min avant l’exercice, et on a mesuré les échanges gazeux respiratoires, les variables physiologiques, et les espèces réactives de l’oxygène.
L’étude a montré un quotient respiratoire à l’exercice plus élevé sous placebo que sous eau fortement enrichie en hydrogène (p<0,05). Il n’y a pas de différence entre les deux expériences en termes de consommation d’oxygène (VO2) et de production de dioxyde de carbone (VCO2) (p>0,05). L’oxydation des acides gras était plus élevée à l’exercice après ingestion d’eau fortement enrichie en hydrogène (p<0,05), alors que l’oxydation des glucides, les espèces réactives de l’oxygène et le rythme cardiaque (p<0,05) étaient plus élevés sous placebo. Les performances au test de terrain (distance de course et temps de course) étaient meilleures sous eau fortement enrichie en hydrogène que sous placebo (p<0,05). Les résultats de cette étude suggèrent que l’eau fortement enrichie en hydrogène améliore la performance et la bioénergétique, et réduit l’exposition aux espèces réactives de l’oxygène.
Biological nitrogen fixation is usually inhibited by fixed nitrogen.
Paenibacillus sabinae
T27, a Gram-positive, spore-forming diazotroph, possesses high nitrogenase activity and has 3 copies of
nifH
...(
nifH
,
nifH2
,
nifH3
), a copy of
nifDK
, and multiple
nifHDK
-like genes. In this study, we found that
P
.
sabinae
T27 showed nitrogenase activities not only in low (0–3 mM) concentrations of NH
4
+
but also in high (30–300 mM) concentrations of NH
4
+
, no matter whether this bacterium was grown in a flask or in a fermenter on scale cultivation. qRT-PCR and western blotting analyses supported that Fe protein and MoFe protein were synthesized under both low (0–3 mM) and high (30–300 mM) concentrations of NH
4
+
. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis revealed that MoFe protein was encoded by
nifDK
and Fe protein was encoded by both
nifH
and
nifH2
. The cross-reaction suggested the purified Fe and MoFe components from
P
.
sabinae
T27 grown in both nitrogen-limited and nitrogen-excess conditions were active. This is the first time to report that diazotrophs show nitrogenase activity in presence of high (30–300 mM) concentrations of NH
4
+
. Our study will provide a clue for studying the mechanisms of nitrogen fixation in presence of the high concentration of NH
4
+
.
Key Points
• P
.
sabinae T27 can synthesize active nitrogenase in presence of high levels of ammonia
.
•Fe and MoFe proteins of nitrogenase purified in absence of ammonia are the same as those purified from the high concentration of ammonia
.
• Fe protein is encoded by nifH and nifH2, and MoFe protein is encoded by nifDK
.
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•C. curvatus ATCC 20509 used high-concentration acetic acid as carbon source.•Addition of sawdust effectively promoted lipid spillage and reduced costs.•Cell-immobilization by sawdust ...relieved the inhibition caused by acetic acid.•Immobilization effectively increased the biomass and lipid production.•Both cultivation modes improved the quality of the biodiesel generated.
Two de-lignified cellulose of loofah sponge and sawdust were applied in two ways to enhance the lipid production from oleaginous yeast using acetic acid. When 30 g/L of acetic acid was used as a carbon source, direct addition of de-lignified loofah sponge or sawdust increased the extracellular lipid content to 33.94% and 53.25%, respectively. The latter reduced the energy input of lipid extraction process from 0.86 to 0.57 GJ per ton of biodiesel production. To relieve the inhibition caused by 40 g/L acetic acid, immobilization of oleaginous yeast on de-lignified sawdust increased the lipid concentration and yield from 3.83 g/L, 0.18 g/g C to 7.15 g/L, 0.20 g/g C, respectively. These improvements occurred due to the cell-immobilized sawdust which play an important role in the loading of cells and adsorption of acetic acid. Immobilized cultivation also increased the fatty acid proportion of C18:1, thereby improving biodiesel performance.
•Highest enantioselectivity for the separations of primary amines with 10% of isopropylamine as additive.•The concentration of isopropylamine impacted mostly the retention of one enantiomer.•The ...ratio isopropylamine/ethanol determines enantioselectivity.•Chiralpak AD-3 remained stable using 10% of isopropylamine dissolved in the modifier.
Supercritical Fluid Chromatography is frequently used to efficiently handle separations of enantiomers. The separation of basic analytes usually requires the addition of a basic additive in the mobile phase to improve the peak shape or even to elute the compounds. The effect of increasing the concentration of 2-propylamine as additive on the elution of a series of basic compounds on a Chiralpak-AD stationary phase was studied. In this study, unusual additive concentrations ranging from 0.3% to 10% of 2-propylamine 2-propylaminein the modifier were explored and the effect on retention, peak shape, selectivity and resolution was evaluated. The addition of a large quantity of additive allowed to drastically improve the selectivity and the resolution, and even enantiomers elution order reversal was observed by changing the concentration of basic additive. The role of the ratio additive/modifier appeared a key to tune the enantioselectivity. Finally, the impact of these drastic conditions on the column material was evaluated.
Simultaneous determination of trace ions in zinc metallurgical solution provides effective process information for optimal control in zinc hydrometallurgy. In this paper, Ultraviolet and Visible ...(UV–vis) spectrometry with the analytical system based on nitroso R salt is applied to simultaneously determine the trace concentrations of copper and cobalt in high and varying concentration zinc sulfate solution. Firstly, fractional differentiation is applied to reduce the overlap between ions and covering of zinc on trace ions. Then, a multi-indexes fusion wavelength selection is utilized to find the optimal combination of variables for the partial least squares model. Next, to reduce the interference caused by competitive reaction and matrix effect of zinc ions, Adaboost creates a group of weak models to analyze trace ion concentration from multiple perspectives. Finally, Adaboost trains the sample weights and model weights of weak models and integrates those weak models into a strong model to predict the trace ion concentration comprehensively. A spectrum dataset containing 72 samples of zinc, copper and cobalt ions mixture solution is prepared for the proposed method. Results show that the proposed method can simultaneously determine the trace concentrations of copper and cobalt in high and varying concentration zinc sulfate solution accurately.
•A new CPV optical system with truncated ball lens as secondary optical element is proposed.•The cost of receiver assembly is 2% lower than that with ball lens as secondary optical element.•Power ...generation efficiency of 30.1% and acceptance angle of 0.73° can be obtained.
The Concentrated Photovoltaic (CPV) technology based on the use of high-efficiency multi-junction solar cells has higher power generation efficiency than other photovoltaic power generating technology. However, the cost and reliability of CPV technology are the primary reasons that restrict its progress. A truncated ball lens as a secondary optical element for CPV optical system is proposed in this paper to reduce the cost and improve the reliability. Theoretical analysis and experimental investigations were conducted on a concentrator with geometrical concentration ratio of 625×, a flat Fresnel lens as primary optical element and a truncated ball lens as secondary optical element. Test results show that the concentrator with power generation efficiency of 30.1% and acceptance angle of 0.73° can be obtained. Additionally, temperature effects of SOG lens on power generation are also studied.
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•Two-step saccharification improved glucose content and DE value.•Two-step saccharification decreased the starch slurry viscosity.•Two-step saccharification enhanced the water ...activity and mobility.•The products of the two-step and single-step saccharifications were the same.•Two-step saccharification increased product yield.
Starch saccharification is a key step in the industrial production of syrups. A two-step saccharification of raw corn starch at high concentration (45%, w/w) using granular starch hydrolyzing enzyme (GSHE) was investigated to improve the efficiency of this process. The results showed that the two-step saccarification (reaction at 65°C for 30min, followed by reaction at 70°C for 90min) was more effective than a single-step saccarification involving reaction at 65°C for 120min. After saccharification, both the glucose content and dextrose equivalent (DE) value were 10% greater using the two-step saccharification than using a single-step saccharification. Assessing the mechanism indicated that the reduction in peak viscosity of the starch slurry was more obvious using the two-step saccharification, the water activity was higher, and the mobility of water was stronger. Thus, the two-step saccharification offers great advantages in the production of syrups using granular starch hydrolyzing enzyme.
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