The article describes the syntactic processes that occur at the level of sentence parts. The characteristic features of complements traditionally grouped into non-circumstantial complements and ...circumstantial complements recorded in the text of the popular novel Sandipa, a manuscript copy dated at the end of the 18th century in the northern part of historical Moldavia and kept at the Russian State Library, Moscow (ms. Rom. 824, Grigorovici fund). Of these, I draw attention first of all to those complements that were currently used in texts belonging mainly to the 16th century, some of them retaining their properties until the end of the old period, but strongly competing, as we advance in time, by the complements later accepted, as a structure, by the current Romanian norm. Syntactic phenomena are also researched from the point of view of their presence in contemporary writings with the manuscript we are dealing with, referring, as appropriate, to the situation in the current literary language.
The article presents a linguistic analysis of the term misy used in the recipes of A.C. Celsus’ treatise De medicina. An attempt to establish the designations of this lexeme, based on texts of ...ancient and modern authors, definitions in dictionaries and thesauruses, and scientific data from chemistry and mineralogy (modern), was made.
Since the earliest times, hide processing has been a necessity in order to provide people with clothing and footwear. In the Middle Ages, craftsmen specialized in hide processing were differentiated ...and names according to the pieces of clothing or footwear they produced: they were furriers or skinners, shoemakers, leather cutters, traditional footwear makers and tanners etc. An important role in the development of this type of activity (processing domestic and wild animal hides) has been played by the technological progress that involved the use of chemical substances meant to ensure high-quality products. The appellatives selected as being part of the hide processing terminology became sources of nicknames or bynames in the 19th century, and later became official surnames as a result of the 1895 Name Law. At present 175 active surnames have been identified and the region and county frequency of occurrence is mentioned in the Appendix, according to The Anthoponymic Romanian Database.
The paper analyses the way Philippe de Thaon presents his many lexical inventions in the Comput (an astronomical treatise composed in 1113 or 1119). In the peculiar context of the first half century ...of Norman England, Philippe draws upon the local tradition of translating into the vernacular, but with the purpose of imposing his own vernacular as a prestige language. He invents French words close to Latin, emphasizes the language he is using (en francesche raisun), and deliberately creates confusion between Latin and French forms. Philippe’s Comput thus functions as a handbook of scientific French, and as an instrument for the cultural policy of the first Anglo-Norman rulers.
In the Early Vedic language, we encounter two different systems of active vs. middle voice and valency oppositions. The emergence of many thematic Vedic transitive active forms (e.g. īráya-ti ‘to ...raise sth. or so.’) is obviously innovative and secondary when compared to labile, and formally more archaic athematic active forms (e.g. íyar-ti ~ iyár-ti ‘to rise, to raise sth. or so.’). On this basis, it has been claimed that the original voice distinction was mainly driven by agency (i.e., volition, control, responsibility and animacy), whereas the secondary voice opposition was driven by transitivity distinctions and direct and indirect reflexive middle semantics (Pooth 2012, 2014). In this article, another verb in question, namely the psych verb juṣ- ‘to enjoy, to please’, will be examined as a parallel case to further discuss the general developments in the Vedic verb system, which are part of the general decline of lability and the increase of verb forms specified for transitive vs. intransitive behavior within Vedic (Kulikov 2014, 2012, 2006). This article will show that the Sanskrit psych verb juṣ- ‘to enjoy’ and ‘to please’ exhibits converse lability in Early Vedic Sanskrit, whereas it does not behave like this in Epic Sanskrit. The syntactic and semantic behavior of forms of juṣ- in both periods of Sanskrit will thus be compared.
The collection of articles presented in this volume addresses a number of general theoretical, methodological and empirical issues in the field of Historical Linguistics, in different levels of ...analysis and on different themes: (i) phonology, (ii) morphology, (iii) morphosyntax, (iv) syntax, (v) diachronic typology, (vi) semantics and pragmatics, and (vii) language contact, variation and diffusion. The topics discussed, often in a comparative perspective, feature a variety of languages and language families and cover a wide range of research areas. Novel analyses and often new diachronic data - also from less known and under-investigated languages - are provided to the debate on the principles, mechanisms, paths and models of language change, as well as the relationship between synchronic variation and diachrony. The volume is of interest to scholars of different persuasions working on all aspects of language change.
The article provides an insight into the linguist Y. Dzendzelivsky´s personality through his correspondence in 1973 – 2002. The author sets aside four thematic units intertwined with the ...correspondence of the researcher: old linguistic reminiscence, interuniversity and inter-institutional cooperation, international Slavic language projects and publishing activities of Slavonic centres, interpersonal relations and family life.
This paper deals with the long-debated question of the origins of tree names and the methodological problems related to PIE etymologies. It aims at putting forward some basic principles of etymology, ...and at applying these principles to the analysis of twelve tree names. It also seeks to demonstrate the relevance of substratic pre-IE languages’ influence on the lexicon, and at isolating geographic areas corresponding to pre-Indo-European lexical stocks lying behind modern Celtic languages.
This textbook serves a dual purpose. It is, first, a comprehensive introduction to historical linguistics, intended for both undergraduate and graduate students who have taken, at the least, an ...introductory course in linguistics.
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