El presente trabajo recoge y presenta un debate con el destacado investigador británico Peter Burke sobre los retos que han tenido que asumir los historiadores en las nacientes coyunturas, abordando ...la transformación del oficio del historiador en la sociedad durante las últimas décadas. Además de examinar la apuesta por construir un acercamiento más estrecho entre todas las Ciencias Sociales y la Historia, este debate gira en torno al impacto del cambio tecnológico y comunicacional en sus fuentes, y la configuración de una conciencia crítica para abordarlas. Una de las voces más destacadas de la historia cultural habla de las dificultades para clasificar la producción historiográfica contemporánea, de los desafíos de la enseñanza de la historia hoy, del legado y vigencia de algunas de las corrientes historiográficas más reconocidas del siglo XX, así como de las limitaciones y principales problemas prácticos que deben enfrentar las nuevas generaciones de historiadores.
By definition, a monument has extraordinary features that mark landscape and human minds alike. Without any doubt, the Medieval and Early Modern World of Europe was marked by ecclesiastical ...monuments, from great cathedrals and abbeys to simple chapels and altars at crossroads. A very interesting case study offers Braşov/ Kronstadt/Brassó, in the south-eastern corner of Transylvania, where historical sources attest several ecclesiastic monuments, in and around the city. Late medieval and early modern documents and chronicles reveal not only interesting data on the monasteries, churches and chapels of Braşov/Kronstadt/Brassó, but also on the way in which citizens and outsiders imagined those monuments in their mental topography of the city. The inhabitants of Braşov/ Kronstadt/Brassó and foreign visitors saw the monasteries, churches and chapels of the city, kept them in mind and referred to them in their (written) accounts, when they wanted to locate certain facts or events. The present paper aims in offering an overview of the late medieval and early modern sources regarding the ecclesiastical monuments of Braşov/Kronstadt/Brassó, as well as an insight into the imagined topography of a Transylvanian city.
This study presents a cross-disciplinary revision of the Little Ice Age (LIA) advance of Nigardsbreen glacier, an outlet from Jostedalsbreen ice cap in western Norway. The associated glacier foreland ...is characterised by a well-preserved moraine series succeeding the 1748 CE LIA culmination, and a robust age control of individual moraines exists from abundant historical written and pictorial information as well as extensive lichenometric studies. The retreat dynamics of Nigardsbreen ever since the LIA maximum extent was attained is considered well-known. The timing of initiation of the LIA advance and dynamics of the glacier growth prior to reaching its maximum extent, however, is less understood as any moraines predating 1748 CE have been subsequently overridden. Potential archives available for exploring the glacier advance are therefore mostly confined to historical data such as for example, tax records, paintings, and church books, which has resulted in a present-day consensus of the LIA onset of Nigardsbreen c. 1710 CE. However, we show that a lack of adequate critical analysis on the accuracy of published historical data has allowed erroneous ages of glacier terminus positions to manifest in literature, resulting in for example, overestimated glacial advance rates. Here, we combine a novel data set of local tax load directly reflecting glacial impact on farming productivity with a cross-disciplinary assessment of published historical data, including rejection of several data points of former glacier extents. As a result, we present a revised glacier length curve for the LIA advance of Nigardsbreen towards its maximum extent.
Abstract The devastating 1822 earthquake is one of the relatively recent events that struck northwestern Syria and the nearby areas of central-southern Turkey, at the junction of the Dead Sea fault ...system with the Eastern Anatolian fault system. This earthquake is re-examined, in this work, based on new original contemporary and near contemporary sources of information not cited in previous literature. Analysis of these sources reveals the following: (1) more detailed descriptions of the earthquake effects are provided for cities of Aleppo, Antakia and Latakia, and the identification of six new locations affected; (2) assessment of relevant earthquake parameters such as the epicenter, surface-wave, moment magnitudes and seismic intensity; (3) documentation of evidences of a seismic sea wave that occurred between the Cypriot and the Syrian coasts and (4) identification of the Saint Simeon fault, located to west of Aleppo, as the probable causative fault. Furthermore, the ground motion generated by the 1822 earthquake has been simulated using the extended stochastic simulation method. Acceleration time series and damped pseudo acceleration spectra were generated for Aleppo Citadel, where the peak ground acceleration, due to the earthquake, has been estimated at 0.4 g. The results will contribute to updating the seismic hazard setting in the northwestern Syria and central-southern Turkey.
In recent decades, there has been growing interest in the use of wills as historical sources. This period has seen a tenfold increase in the number of source publication volumes and editions ...published by Hungarian researchers, and an even greater increase in the number of wills published in their entirety. In the period under review, around 70 researchers have been actively working with this source type: besides the archivists spearheading their publication, dozens of legal historians, historians, and ethnographers have been involved in the work. Following an overview of the most important historical research antecedents and a brief appreciation of the work of Ernő Tárkány Szücs in this field, the present study examines the respective work carried out in Hungary during the last four decades, grouped according to the researched periods. With the publication of the Prothocollum Testamentorum of Bratislava, the number of published wills from the late Middle Ages significantly increased, while important findings have also emerged in terms of research on the wills of the nobility. From the early Middle Ages, a significant selection has been made from among the extant testaments originating from various royal free cities (e.g., Nagyszombat Trnava, Slovakia, Sopron, and Debrecen) and market towns (e.g., Gyöngyös, Győr, and Kecskemét), while a significant number of wills belonging to the Transylvanian nobility have also been published. While large numbers of extant testaments originating from market towns (Nyíregyháza, Szentes, Vác, Zalaegerszeg, etc.) in the 18th and 19th centuries have been published, important publications have also appeared containing the wills of the nobility, clergy, and village serfs. The vast majority of such volumes have included a longer or shorter introductory study, although we might also mention the dozens of important analytical essays published in volumes of collected studies, which illustrate the value of testaments as sources in the fields of social, economic, cultural, ecclesiastical, and legal history.
Dendrochronological studies are carried out on rural buildings in the French Alps for twenty years. In this contribution, we examine an extensive dataset of larch timbers (n = 1294) that were ...dendrochronologicaly dated at 139 buildings. This material yielded felling dates spanning the 11th century to the 20th century and contributed to improve our knowledge of human occupation and exploitation of mountain forests during the second millennium CE. From the 11th to the 14th century, rural populations increasingly exploited older forests. The crises of the 14th century led to a significant decrease in construction and by extension in tree cutting. The beginning of the 15th century marks a resumption of construction and felling which is continuous until the beginning of the 20th century. There is a relationship between the age of harvested trees, the number of dates and population fluctuations, which corroborates findings at the European scale. Regional trade probably influenced the stem diameters used in constructions in the immediate vicinity of the forests. Logging regulations can be perceived through variations in the age of harvested trees. The 14th century gap in felling dates would also mark a transition period in the exploitation of mountain forests and by extension a transformation of the economy.
The originality of Emilio Sereni's new use of pictorial images in his most known work, have drawn the attention of many scholars. Regardless of positive or negative opinions, an underestimated ...evaluation of the countless types of sources used by the author for his argumentation about italian rural landscapes, has occurred. In particular, this work analyses the approach of Sereni towards historic and thematic cartography.
El objetivo de este trabajo es proponer un marco teórico-metodológico para el diseño de propuestas didácticas en Educación Secundaria sobre la población del reino de Granada en la Edad Moderna. El ...reto es que el profesorado cuente con recursos sobre las fuentes demográficas más importantes que surgieron en el marco del proceso histórico que vivió el Reino tras la conquista de Granada, la posterior expulsión de los moriscos, y subsiguientes repoblaciones, hasta llegar al siglo XVIII. Para ello, se plantea una incursión en el sistema de archivos (Archivo Histórico de Simancas, Archivo Histórico Provincial de Granada/ Archivos Históricos Municipales) y el trabajo con fuentes demográficas de carácter primario tales como: las averiguaciones de alcabalas, los Libros de Apeo y Repartimientos, las llamadas Visitas, los Libros de los Cabezas de Casas del Catastro del Marqués de la Ensenada o el Censo de Floridablanca.
The experience called "Arcevia during the First World War" was a way of practicing the part of the local history curriculum, which is essential for promoting education in active citizenship and ...democratic coexistence in pupils. In fact, it is precisely through the study of the territory and the education in the historical and artistic heritage, that one becomes active and aware citizens, capable of acting on the territory through courageous and responsible choices. To carry out the research, we resorted to the use of written and visual sources, the reading of informative and historical texts, surfing the internet and watching videos. The work carried out in the municipal historical archive and the municipal registry office was very significant. The most significant documents were analyzed by the children through the compilation of guide cards for the collection of information useful for historical reconstruction. The work of is carried out in an interdisciplinary way, making use of the skills of the various disciplines such as geography, mathematics, art and music.
This article reviews the book „O tym nie wolno mówić…” Zagłada Żydów w opowieściach wspomnieniowych ze zbiorów Dionizjusza Czubali “We Are Not Allowed to Speak About It...” The Extermination of Jews ...in Memoirs from the Collection of Dionizjusz Czubala, selected and edited by Piotr Grochowski, Wydawnictwo Naukowe UMK, Toruń 2019, 236 pp.
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