This book explores the diverse understandings of the archaeological record in both historical and contemporary perspective, while also serving as a guide to reassessing current views. Gavin Lucas ...argues that archaeological theory has become both too fragmented and disconnected from the particular nature of archaeological evidence. The book examines three ways of understanding the archaeological record - as historical sources, through formation theory and as material culture - then reveals ways to connect these three domains through a reconsideration of archaeological entities and archaeological practice. Ultimately, Lucas calls for a rethinking of the nature of the archaeological record and the kind of history and narratives written from it.
Platinum (Pt) is a Technology Critical Element (TCE) which, since the 1990s, has been mainly used in the industry in catalytic converters for automobile emission control. Previous studies have shown ...Pt contamination of road-side sediments and surface sediments in urban rivers and lakes but few of them have addressed temporal variations. The present work presents historical Pt concentration trends in 137Cs-dated sediment cores from floodplains or secondary channels at the outlets of three major French watersheds (Loire, Rhone, and Seine Rivers) covering the past ∼110 years, i.e., from the 1910s to 2021. Platinum baseline levels in the sediment were estimated for the Loire River (0.76 ± 0.22 μg kg−1 for the period ∼1910-∼1955) and the Rhone River (1.64 ± 0.41 μg kg−1), and historical Pt variations seem to reflect variations in hydrodynamics and grain size composition. Since the early 2000s, Pt concentrations in the Loire and the Rhone River sediments tend to increase (>2.5 μg kg−1) and were attributed to the use of car catalytic converters, an emerging technology since the 1990s using >50 % of European Pt demand. High and variable historical Pt concentrations (up to 14.6 μg kg−1) in the Seine River sediments may reflect legacy Pt sources due to former anthropogenic activities in this watershed, such as the use of Pt-based catalysts for petroleum refinery since the end of the 1940s, coal handling and precious metals refining, probably concealing the likely presence of an emerging traffic-related Pt signal. This first comparison of historical Pt concentration trends in sediments from contrasting watersheds allows to distinguish signals originating from different natural and anthropogenic sources (background level, historical sources, road traffic).
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•Few studies on Pt level in sediment for reconstructing the past geochemical quality•Ad-CSV analysis on selected sediments collected in dated cores in 3 French rivers•Temporal evolution of Pt concentrations (trajectory) between 1910 and 2021•Signals originating from different natural (baseline) and anthropogenic sources•Highest Pt concentrations in the Seine R. to past/historical and emerging sources
Archives of Times Past Kros, Cynthia; Wright, John; Buthelezi, Mbongiseni ...
02/2022
eBook
Archives of Times Past: Conversations about South Africa's
Deep History explores particular sources of evidence on
southern Africa's time before the colonial era. It gathers recent
ideas about ...archives and archiving from scholars in southern Africa
and elsewhere, focusing on the question: 'How do we know, or think
we know, what happened in the times before European colonialism?'
Historians who specialise in researching early history have learnt
to use a wide range of materials from the past as source materials.
What are these materials? Where can we find them? Who made them?
When? Why? What are the problems with using them? The essays by
well-known historians, archaeologists and researchers engage these
questions from a range of perspectives and in illuminating ways.
Written from personal experience, they capture how these experts
encountered their archives of knowledge beyond the textbook. The
book aims to make us think critically about where ideas about the
time before the colonial era originate. It encourages us to think
about why people in South Africa often refer to this 'deep history'
when arguing about public affairs in the present. The essays are
written at a time when public discussion about the history of
southern Africa before the colonial era is taking place more openly
than at any other time in the last hundred years. They will appeal
to students, academics, educationists, teachers, archivists, and
heritage, museum practitioners and the general public.
Archives of Times Past explores particular sources of
evidence on southern Africa's time before the colonial era. It
gathers recent ideas about archives and archiving from scholars in
southern Africa and elsewhere, focusing on the question: 'How do we
know, or think we know, what happened in the times before European
colonialism?' The essays by well-known historians, archaeologists
and researchers engage these questions from a range of perspectives
and in illuminating ways. Written from personal experience, they
capture how these experts encountered their archives of knowledge
beyond the textbook. The essays are written at a time when public
discussion about the history of southern Africa before the colonial
era is taking place more openly than at any other time in the last
hundred years They will appeal to students, academics,
educationists, teachers, archivists, and heritage, museum
practitioners and the general public.
Mundo ao Revés Dalfré, Liz Andrea
História da Historiografia,
2023, Letnik:
16, Številka:
41
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Este artigo analisa como a socióloga aimará Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui identifica nas imagens presentes na obra Primer nueva corónica y buen gobierno,de 1615, do cronista Felipe Guamán Poma de Ayala, a ...construção de uma episteme visual para a América Andina. A socióloga boliviana ressignifica as imagens presentes nesse livro, evidenciando seu potencial teórico para a elaboração de conceitos e chaves de leitura que podem ser utilizados para a compreensão da história andina colonial e contemporânea. Em termos teóricos e metodológicos, são importantes para este artigo as reflexões críticas propostas por autores identificados às perspectivas pós-coloniais e decoloniais, além de estudos que se voltam para epistemologias não canônicas, compreendendo-as como saberes fundamentais para um posicionamento crítico e descolonizador, como os trabalhos de Linda Smith e Boaventura de Sousa Santos. Por fim, essa reflexão demonstra a posição de Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui em torno de uma proposta de descolonização epistêmica, ao transformar Guamán Poma de Ayala em sujeito do conhecimento e ao demonstrar que a experiência da visualidade é também importante na formulação epistemológica da história.
The aim of the paper is to propose a data model for editing historical records using the example of Karol Perthées’ works from the late 18th century. These consist of cartographic sketches, ...elaborated on the basis of parochial questionnaires and the maps of palatinates of the Crown, which are at a scale of 1:225,000. The model links the advantages of direct source data representation with scalability and flexibility features, which provide analytical possibilities. The sketches are indexed using the INDXR application and the structure of the model reflects the structure of the source. The maps were analyzed in a GIS environment, but no georeferencing was performed. The data collected separately as symbols and annotations were treated independently and were linked via features. The model is illustrated by a preliminary study of materials covering the area of the Zemborzyce parish near Lublin.
This book offers the tools teachers need to get started with a more thoughtful and compelling approach to teaching history, one that develops literacy and higher-order thinking skills, connects the ...past to students' lives today, and meets social studies 3C standards and most state standards (grades 6-12). The author provides over 90 primary sources organized into seven thematic units, each structured around an essential question from world history. As students analyze carefully excerpted documents--including speeches by queens and rebels, ancient artifacts, and social media posts--they build an understanding of how diverse historical figures have approached key issues. At the same time, students learn to participate in civic debates and develop their own views on what it means to be a 21st-century citizen of the world. Each unit connects to current events with dynamic classroom activities that make history come alive. In addition to the documents themselves, this teaching manual provides strategies to assess student learning; mini-lectures designed to introduce documents; activities and reproducibles to help students process, display, and integrate their learning; guidance to help teachers create their own units; guidelines for respectful student debate and discussion; and more. This book features: (1) A timely aid for secondary school teachers tasked with meeting standards and other state-level quality requirements; (2) An approach that promotes student engagement and critical thinking to replace or augment a traditional textbook; (3) Challenges to the "master narrative" of world history from figures like Queen Nzinga and Huda Sha'arawi, as well as traditionally recognized historical figures such as Pericles and Napoleon; (4) Essential questions to help students explore seven of the most important recurring themes in world history; (5) Role-plays and debates to promote interaction among students; and (6) Printable copies of the documents included in the book can be downloaded at tcpress.com.
In the current climate change context, studying coastal risks involves considering the hazard’s historical fluctuations to understand the ocean-climatic parameters that guide its variability. Thanks ...to the coupling of sedimentological and historical data, fifteen intense storms were extracted from a core sampled in the Traicts of the Croisic, while 128 impacting events were recorded by historical sources during the last millennium. The synthesis of sedimentological and historical works carried out in western France highlights three common stormy periods estimated at approximately 1330 – 1360 AD, 1570 – 1620 AD and 1690 – 1720 AD. These three periods are part of climate pejoration phases, or of cold tendencies. While storm activity appears to increase during North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)’s positive phases, no strict correlations are established. The change in position of the “mid-latitude storm tracks” could also explain some trajectories. To put these results into perspective and offer new prospects to improve French coastal risk management, the limits of this study are also discussed. This approach must be more exhaustive to specify the tempestuous chronology, but also extend it to the entire French Atlantic coast and thus consider all the mechanisms likely to guide their formation in Western Europe.
Northern New Spain Naylor, Thomas H; Polzer, Charles W; Barnes, Thomas C
2021
eBook
Odprti dostop
This research guide was first conceived to fulfill multiple needs of the research team of the Documentary Relations of the Southwest (DRSW) project at the Arizona State Museum. In performing research ...tasks, it became evident that reference material was scattered throughout scores of books and monographs. A single complete source book was simply not available. Hence, the editors of the DRSW project compiled this guide. The territory under study comprises all of northern Mexico in colonial times.
Legacy Effects of Human Land Use Bürgi, Matthias; Östlund, Lars; Mladenoff, David J.
Ecosystems (New York),
01/2017, Letnik:
20, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Today, most ecosystems show some degree of human modification, ranging from subtle influences to complete remodeling and reshaping into anthropogenic ecosystems. In the first issue of the journal ...Ecosystems, the field of historical ecology, which focuses on the historical development of ecosystems, was prominently positioned with the papers of Foster and others (Ecosystems 1:96–119, 1998) and Fuller and others (Ecosystems 1:76–95, 1998). Starting from these two contributions, we (1) discuss how anthropogenic activities affect ecosystems and their development, (2) outline how land use can be assessed in ecosystem research, and we (3) discuss what the consequences of a historical perspective for our understanding of ecosystems are. We conclude by stating that whereas land-use intensity over time is an ecologically highly relevant parameter to grasp, the availability, quality, and characteristics of historical sources often restrict the analyses. In order to make optimal use of the sources and methods available and to strengthen this field of research and also increase its societal relevance, we suggest building interdisciplinary teams from a very early project phase on. Core task for these teams will be to jointly define research questions considering source availability, and including and merging modeling and experimental approaches in the study design. We propose that adopting a landscape perspective in historical ecology would provide a helpful framework and valuable background for such novel integrated analyses.
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